UKonstantin Paustovsky: engobomi, imibhalo, iifoto

Umbhali kunye ezaziwa iincwadi eSoviet kunye Russian KG Paustovsky wazalwa May 19, 1892. Kwaye phambi kokuba simazi engobomi bakhe ethi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kwakunjalo Union of Writers Soviet, kwaye iincwadi zakhe ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Ukususela ngenkulungwane XX phakathi, imisebenzi yakhe waqalisa ukufunda iincwadi Russian ezikolweni. UKonstantin Paustovsky (photo umbhali eboniswe ngezantsi) has a lot of amabhaso - amabhaso, imihombiso kunye neembasa.

Ukuphonononga lo mbhali

UNobhala Valery Druzhbinskoy owayesebenza umbhali Paustovskogo kwiminyaka 1965-1968, wabhala ngayo memoirs zakhe. Uninzi udivilyalo yakhe ukuba le wababhali bakwazi ukuphila ixesha, njalo bedumisa Stalin, ngaphandle wayebhala nenkokeli yegama. Paustovsky ilawula ukuba bangayi iqela kwaye abazange basayine nayiphi na incwadi okanye kwesiqalekiso, uphawu naziphi na abo wazihlanganisa. Kwaye nkqu Kwelinye icala, xa kugwetywa Writers A. D. Sinyavskogo kunye Yu. M. Danielya, Paustovsky ubambe ekuhleni ebonga umsebenzi wabo. Kwaye yintoni ngakumbi, ngo-1967 uKonstantin Paustovsky exhaswa ileta Solzhenitsyn kaThixo, apho sijoliswe IV Congress of Soviet Writers, apho wafuna yokuphelisa imingcele ngoncwadi. Kwaye ngoko abagulela ukufa Paustovsky wathumela incwadi uSihlalo USSR iBhunga labaPhathiswa A. N. Kosyginu e umlawuli wokhuselo Yu. P. Lyubimova Taganka ezocela ukuba lulula, yaye lo myalelo asityikitywanga.

UKonstantin Paustovsky: biography

Ukuze siqonde ibali lobomi lo mbhali emangalisayo, unako baqhelane trilogy yakhe ngokuphila "ngobomi kweshedi." UKonstantin Paustovsky wayengunyana ka zikaloliwe eThintelweyo George Maksimovic noMaria Grigorievna Paustovsky ababehlala eMoscow e ephoswa Alley.

okhokho yooyise uhamba emva hetman endala Cossack P. K. Sagaydachnogo. Ngapha koko, utatomkhulu wakhe yayilelona Cossack-Chumak, nguye lowo waqalisa umzukulwana wethambo kunye intsomi Ukrainian, amabali Cossack neengoma. UTatomkhulu wakhonza phantsi Nicholas mna, nkqu Russian-Turkish yathinjwa, walanda nomfazi wakhe, Fatma umfazi Turkish, owabhaptizwa kwi Russian ogama Honoratus. Ngoko ke, ukuba igazi Ukrainian-Cossack ugalelwe umbhali kunye Turkish kuninakhulu.

Ukubuyela biography umbhali odumileyo kaThixo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba abazalwana ababini abadala - Boris kunye Vadim - kunye nodade Galina.

Uthando ku Ukraine

Wazalelwa e Moscow, Paustovsky iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 wayephila Ukraine, apho waba umbhali kunye intatheli, njengoko ngokufuthi kukhankanyiwe iprozi yakhe ngokuphila kwakhe. Yena uyabonga yokuba wakhulela kwi Ukraine, apho kuye ukuba abe uhadi umfanekiso ogama zayi- iminyaka emininzi entliziyweni yakhe.

Ngowe-1898, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eKiev, apho uKonstantin Paustovsky iqala uqeqesho kwi Gymnasium lokuqala Classical. Ngowe-1912 yena wangena Kiev University kwi-Faculty of History and Philology, apho wayefunda iminyaka emibini kuphela.

The World lokuqala

Ukususela ekuqaleni imfazwe Paustovsky yabuyela eMoscow unina wakhe kunye nosapho, emva koko waya kwiDyunivesithi yase eMoscow. Kodwa kungekudala emlonyeni izifundo zakhe waza wafumana umsebenzi kaloliwe umqhubi, waza waba ngokulungeleleneyo kwisibhedlele-oololiwe. Emva kokufa abazalwana imfazwe Paustovsky wabuyela kumama wakhe nodadewabo. Kodwa kwakhona, emva komzuzwana, waya kusebenza, izityalo metallurgical Ekaterinoslavle kunye Hughes, kwi kwisityalo kwibhoyila baseTaganrog okanye sokubambisana kuloba Azov.

Revolution, impi yombango

Ukususela ekuqaleni kaFebruwari Revolution, waya eMoscow wayesebenza intatheli sokushicilela ezahlukeneyo eprintiweyo. Apho wazibonela Oktobha Revolution of 1917 ngonyaka.

Emva koko, eli lizwe elaqala imfazwe yamakhaya, yaye Paustovsky kunyanzeleke ukuba ubuyele Ukraine e Kiev, nto leyo eye yabangela ukusuka kwikomkhulu kunina wakhe nodadewabo. NgoDisemba, wabiza mkhosi hetman, kodwa emva kokuba utshintsho karhulumente - ukuya kukhonza kwi Red Army webutho, ukhuseleko, wadala ukususela yangaphambili Makhno. Le webutho, aye ohlulwa kungekudala.

Indlela eya ubuchule

ubomi Konstantina Paustovskogo utshintshile, yaye emva kokuba waya ezantsi ka-Russia, ngoko wayehlala e Odessa, wasebenza kwi "oomatiloshe" indlwana. Ngeli xesha waba siqhelane eBhabheli, I. Ilf, L. Slavin. Kodwa emva kokuba waya Odessa, neCaucasus waza wahlala Batumi kunye Sukhumi, Yerevan, Tbilisi kunye Baku.

Ngowe-1923 uKonstantin Paustovsky kwakhona eMoscow iminyaka eliqela esebenza kuphuhliso isihloko. yoshicilelo lakhe ekuqaleni. Kule 30, wabuya waya wasebenza njengoko intatheli "iintsuku 30" ngabavakalisi "impumelelo yethu", "PRAVDA" phephandaba. Le magazini "Iintsuku 30" epapashwe isincoko yakhe "Ukuthetha iintlanzi", "Blue Fire Zone".

Ekuqaleni kuka-1931 ngokwanda imiyalelo waya Perm, Berezniki, kuba ulwakhiwo izityalo chemical. izincoko bakhe -subject information included kwincwadi ethi "The Giant kwi-Kama River." Kwangaxeshanye, wayigqiba ibali iqalile Moscow, "Kara Bugaz", nto leyo yaba isitshixo kuye. Yena alise inkonzo waza waba ngumbhali yobungcali.

UKonstantin Paustovsky: imisebenzi

Ngowe-1932 umbhali watyelela Petrozavodsk waza waqalisa ukusebenza ngomhla kwimbali kwisityalo. Ngenxa yoko, babhala inoveli "Isiphetho Charles Lonsevilya", "Lake Front" yaye "mveliso Onega." Ke kwakukho iihambo ukuya kumantla eRashiya, isiphumo yaba isincoko "Le ilizwe Onega" yaye "Murmansk". Ngokusebenzisa ixesha - isincoko "mimoya Kwamanzi" ngo-1932. Yaye ngowe-1937 Weza ephuma kwiphephandaba "PRAVDA" isincoko "The kwiiTropiki New" emva uhambo ukuya Mingrelia.

Emva kokuba kuyiwe Novgorod, Pskov kunye umbhali St. Michael kaThixo ubhale isincoko, "kaMichael Grove", yakhululwa magazini "Red Night" ngo-1938

Ngowe-1939, ukwenzela impumelelo boncwadi urhulumente Paustovskogo Labour wawongwa Order of the Red Banner. Akwaziwa ncam ngendlela amabali ezininzi ezibhaliweyo uKonstantin Paustovsky, kodwa kwakukho yendyebo. Kubo, wakwazi ukuba abonise le abafundi proffessionalnykh yonke amava ubomi bakhe - yonke wabona, weva nabanamava.

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Ngexesha imfazwe amaNazi Paustovsky wakhonza othile imfazwe kumgca we-Southern Front. Emva koko ke wabuyela eMoscow wasebenza TASS. Kodwa wakhululwa ukusebenza kwi lomdlalo Moscow Art Theatre. Kwathi ngelo xesha, ukuba bakhutshwe kunye nosapho lwakhe e-Alma-Ata. Apho wayesebenza phezu play 'de wayeka intliziyo "kunye epopeynym inoveli" Le umsi ezweni labo. " Ingxelo wokulungiselela Moscow Chamber Theatre A. Ya. Tairova bakhutshwe ku Barnaul.

Kuba phantse nyaka, ukususela ngowe-1942 ukuya we 1943, wachitha ixesha e Barnaul, ku Belokurikha. Wokuqala, elingcwele kumzabalazo wokulwa abahlaseli German, eyayibanjelwe Barnaul entwasahlobo ka-4 Apreli 1943.

ukuqaphela

Ngo-1950, umbhali weza ingqalelo ehlabathini lonke. Ngoko nangoko banethuba ukuya eYurophu. Ngowe-1956, wabeka phambili angangumvotelwa Nobel Prize, kodwa Sholokhov. Paustovsky waba ngumbhali ayithandayo Marlene eDietrich. Waba nabafazi abathathu, nyana esamkelwa Alexei nezendalo abantwana - Alex Vadim.

Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe umbhali ubunzima asthma ixesha elide yaye wahlaselwa yintliziyo. Wafa eMoscow ngoJulayi 14, 1968 waza wangcwatyelwa emangcwabeni kwedolophu kummandla Tarusa ukulungela ukusebenza.