Bestuzhev-Marly: biography kanye photo

Bestuzhev-Marly yenye abameli ubalaseleyo intshukumo Romantic kuncwadi eSoviet. zamabali, imibongo, kunye namanqaku yakhe ebalulekileyo baba ethandwa kakhulu ngexesha elinye, kwaye imveliso ngamnye umsebenzi wakhe yaba sisiganeko kubomi boncwadi yelizwe lethu. Kwakhona eyaziwa ngokuba lilungu kwimvukelo Decembrist yaye umhlobo Pushkin.

Ezinye iinkcukacha zobomi

Bestuzhev-Marly, ogama engobomi umdla kuthi, wazalwa ngo-1797 ibe umkhaya ompofu kodwa amanene amanene. Uyise naye ezinxulumene uncwadi, uye wabandakanyeka sokushicilela, kwafika unina ukusuka kwindawo efumileyo. Unyana wabo waqeqeshwa Mining yeCadet lweSizwe, kodwa, akuba ukuyibhala le khosi, wangena inkonzo. Yena wempi iindlela izithuba ulawulo, ngoko wacela emkhosini. ibutho lakhe wayemi kwi Peterhof kwidolophu Marly (isihloko kuyo kamva wathabatha elakho a yombhali). Ngeli xesha, ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe zoncwadi.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Bestuzhev-Marly wayengumlandeli intshukumo Romantic, ogama iimpawu wabonakala kwimisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, "amaRoma Olga", "Revel tumente" kunye nabanye. Wasebenza ngokusondeleyo amaphephancwadi aphambili ixesha, yaye kamva, kunye nezinye iimbongi Ryleev ipapasha anthology yayo "Polar Star", apho amaphepha ukuba bafake amanqaku abo ezibalulekileyo enikelwe vangama iincwadi lwala maxesha kunye nemisebenzi elidlulileyo. iingcinga zakhe nezimvo xa bamqumbisa mpikiswano eliphilileyo kwizangqa yoncwadi, njengoko kule minyaka nje iingxoxo malunga nokuba yintoni ulwalathiso kufuneka aphuhlise imibongo basekhaya iprozi.

imibono zoncwadi

Bestuzhev-Marly achaseneyo classicism, besithi le ntsingiselo sele ngaphandle umhla. Kwangaxeshanye, wacela imvume yokuba romanticism kwiincwadi. Umbhali yaba fan neembongi ezifana Shakespeare, Schiller, yaye ngokukodwa, Byron. Wathi lo imigaqo ebekwe yi ezi ababhali, kufuneka ibe sisiseko sophuhliso uncwadi yesizwe. Imbongi ngokwakhe wakhetha ezibonisa abantu abalinganiswa abanamandla, engaqhelekanga, kunye neminqweno enamandla, neenkani ngokwemvelo. Kuloo minyaka, phofu ngokwenene igama elitsha kwiincwadi nokugxekwa. Eyaziwa yekhasi, Belinsky kakhulu kakhulu yombhali lexi vatliweke.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba intshukumo Decembrist

Bestuzhev-Marly wangena "Free Society of Lovers of Russian Literature", apho waba ilungu rhoqo. Kwangaxeshanye, waba lilungu le-Decembrists uluntu kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwiziganeko kwi Yeengwevu Square. Wabakhokela amajoni Moscow webutho, kodwa emva kokuba ngokoyiswa yokuthetha kwingxowa ngokuzithandela kwabasemagunyeni. Malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba intshukumo, yena demoted waza wagwetywa zabasebenzi iminyaka engamashumi amabini 'nzima, saba wagxothelwa eSiberia. Lowo wathunyelwa Yakutsk, apho waqalisa isifundo abantu basekuhlaleni ubomi kunye nenkcubeko. Kamva, ngokusekelwe akuphawuleyo, wabhala uthotho lwamanqaku malunga nobomi kulo mmandla.

eCaucasus

Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly kwexesha elithile emva koko watshintshelwa emkhosini kunye omkhulu kunene. Yena waya kukhonza eCaucasus, apho inxaxheba kusiliwa kunye mountaineers, ibonisa isibindi kunye angesabi, awusebenzeleyo yanikezelwa. Eli xesha ebalulekileyo kwimbali yomsebenzi wakhe ngenxa yokuba na apha ukuba wadala imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo.

Wadala Bestuzhev- Marlinsky ilothe, iye yaba sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali uncwadi ekhaya ixesha Romantic. Imibhalo kakhulu iphawulekayo ziquka "uLieutenant Belozor", "Ammalat Beg" kunye nabanye. peculiarity wabo ukuba bazisa umbhali uhlobo yonke entsha hero: indoda ngokungaqhelekanga, kunye iimvakalelo ezinamandla kunye nezinga. abalinganiswa bakhe kuthwala yamanyala of romanticism Byronic. Ngale ndlela ke ngoka ababephila, ukuze inoveli ngasinye esitsha umbhali ukukhangela phambili. Bestuzhev wabulawa 1837 edabini, umzimba wakhe zange wafunyanwa.

indaba

Bestuzhev-Marly, amabali amafutshane ogama umxholo ubungqina obucacileyo romanticism, ndithanda ukubalula le umfanekiso abantu omeleleyo adventures ezingaqhelekanga. Umzekelo inoveli yakhe, "Neuhaus Castle," nto leyo ezinikele ukuchaza ubuhlobo phakathi kweentshaba ezimbini: i knight ka Novgorod kunye khulu, xa sithe, besiziintshaba kwi edabini, kodwa sihloniphana. Le ndlela yaba uphawu ngokubanzi imisebenzi yothando. Kwingcaciso lo msebenzi yathathwa kwixesha yiSoviet, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba imisebenzi yombhali nangoku okuthandwa.

Ukuba abangane Pushkin

Ubuchule Bestuzhev-Marly kufuneka ingqalelo kwimeko ixesha xa impembelelo enkulu impembelelo Romanticism, eyangena kwilizwe lethu ezivela kumazwe Western aseYurophu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umbhali baba zizihlobo Pushkin, owathi kwixesha yokuqala umsebenzi wakhe naye imbeko kule ndawo. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbhali ngokuzithandela yapapashwa imibongo zothando Alexander lwencwadi yakhe, kwakunye nezicatshulwa evela kumbongo wakhe "mbanjwa eCaucasus", "Gypsies". Imveliso yokugqibela Bestuzhev ezixabisa ngakumbi kakhulu. Noko ke, Pushkin waqala ukudala imveliso sengqiqweni ezifezekisayo iimfuno sekile abafundileyo, kunye noluntu ukufunda. Bestuzhev wahlala kunyango lwe romanticism. Kunjalo, omabini imbongi ukugcina nobuhlobo. Banikana iileta rhoqo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Pushkin kubaluleke kakhulu gqitha ibali Marly, ezinye zazo ziye zaba nempembelelo ethile (umzekelo, ibali "Blizzard").

nokubaluleka indalo

imisebenzi Bestuzhev-Abraham kwaba nempembelelo entle uncwadi lwale mihla. Ngeli xesha, kuye kubekho inguqu ukusuka classicism ukuya romanticism. Ngoko ke, lo izangqa izifundiswa ixesha wabonisa umdla wokwenene emsebenzini wakhe. Ngokutsho ababephila ngexesha lakhe, ibali Marly wavula kwinqanaba entsha kuphuhliso loncwadi lwesizwe. Kodwa kungekudala kakhulu saqalisa ukushiya imisebenzi indalo esengqiqweni. Ngoko ke, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ibali Pushkin kunye Gogol, awaguqukayo romanticism waza waya ukuboniswa eyenzeka ebomini.

imisebenzi yabo kwaphawula Umkhuba entsha iprozi, xa ababhali waqala ukuchaza ubomi njengoko kunjalo. Ngokuchasene nentsukaphi le misebenzi ngemisebenzi Bestuzhev-Marly walahlekelwa kwaye emva kwexesha bambi baye olityelweyo. Noko ke, umsebenzi wakhe waba isiganeko ephawulekayo iincwadi Russian. umsebenzi wakhe waba negalelo Lermontov (kwi inoveli "A uHero Ixesha yethu", kwaye ingakumbi weqonga umbhali).