Benzoic acid

Benzoic acid - na ummeli elula iklasi ka carboxylic okanye organic acid kunye C6H5COOH ifomula imichiza. Le compound chemical kuthiwe ukuba lenzeka ngokubuyisela i enye hydrogen atom edityaniswe i-atom carbon le ring benzene kwiqela carboxy.

Benzoic asidi Imbonakalo a crystalline ezingenambala esiqinileyo kunye ukuxinana 1.27 g / cm³ kunye ubunzima beemolekyuli ka 122,1 g / nolovane. Lokunyibilika C6H5COOH ilingana 122,41 ° C kunye zokupheka - 249,2 ° C. Xa ilitha 1 yamanzi uyakwazi ukunyibilikisa 2.9 g C6H5COOH kweziyobisi. Asidi ngu 4,202, isalathiso zokunganyangeki ngu 1,5397.

Igama livela benzoin, ukusuka apho ngenkulungwane ye-16 (apho ochazwe kuqala Nostradamus ngo-1556, yaye emva koko uBlaise de Vigenère ngo-1596), into yokuqala abahlukunyezwa sublimation. Kangangexesha elide, le ezimbaxa zendalo yaqhubeka umthombo kuphela acid.

Ngowe-1832 yi ekhemesti J. Liebig kuqala wachaza ubume benzoic acid, kwaye ngo-1875 i komzimba waseJamani Ernst Leopold Salkowski uphando iimpawu zayo nokubola kunye kubola. Le iityuwa zisetyenziswa njenge ukubola kwiimveliso ukutya, kunye benzoic acid ngokwayo ebalulekileyo ekrwada ezibonakalayo ukuze kuyondelelaniswe ezinye oganikhi khompawundi ezininzi. angasebenzi abaninzi namhlanje basebenzisa eli khono ekhethekileyo carboxylic acid kwikota elide amaqunube yokugcina lingonberry ngaphandle kwisigcinakaliso ezongezelelweyo (ngaphandle lweswekile wongezelela) okanye iindlela ezizodwa processing.

Esters of benzoic acid kunye neetyuwa bayo baziwa benzoates. iimpawu lomgangatho iikhompawundi ibhedolaki acids carboxylic ngokudibanisa benzoic acid. iimpawu zayo yamachiza zigqitywa bubukho ring ibhedolaki iqela carboxyl.

Kuba ring enuka iimpawu electrophilic indlela endaweni ikakhulu ngenxa atom carbon wesithathu, apho indawo uzimisele ngokunxulumene iqela carboxyl kulo.

Iskim lesibini yokusabela endaweni iqhubeka endaweni hydrogen yeqela carboxyl kunye kancinci.

Zonke abasabela okhankanyelwe asidi carboxylic, nazo uphawu ngenxa C6H5COOH.

Ngenxa ngokweempawu ezizodwa kubola kunye nokubola, benzoic acid isetyenziswa lokunkonkxa. Oku kusetyenziswa njenge inani kwezithako ukutya E210-E213. iibhloko acid Benzoic le enzyme ukutya ayingozi kwiseli enye. Enkosi kwi intshukumo yayo elinganeno ukukhula amagwele, ngumngundo neentsholongwane ezininzi ezibangela izifo. Sebenzisa benzoic acid okanye isodiyam, potassium okanye calcium yayo iityuwa.

Ubuncwane ekwaziyo zibonise umsebenzi elwa kuphela ekutyeni emuncu. Ukuba pH intracellular ngaphantsi kune okanye ilingana ne-5, igwele anaerobic glucose yehliswa ngama-95%. Ukusebenza acid kunye benzoates kuxhomekeke pH zokutya. juice yeziqhamo (equlethe citric acid), iziselo abengezelayo (equlethe CO2), iziselo non-ezinxilisayo (equlethe phosphoric acid), pickles (acetic acid) okanye enye acid ukutya alondolozwe Ukuba muncu kunye neetyuwa yayo. Iqondo eliphezulu lokuhlala zokugcinwa ukutya ku ezahlukene 0.05-0.1%.

toluene Ngokusekelwe rhoqo kuhlelwe benzoic acid. Ukulungiselela ke aqukuqela scheme reaction methylbenzene igcwala ne potassium permanganate. Ngokuqeshwa yorhwebo yikhompawundi ekhethekileyo organic ezivezwa igcwala kwenxenye toluene mpilo. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo kwi kuvala okhethekileyo. Zeelebhu benzoic asidi reagent cheap kwaye luyafumaneka. Ngokuba zonke syntheses, ibe nyulu yi recrystallization ukusuka isisombululo zolwelo. Kulo mzekelo, i impahla ukunyibilika eliphezulu emanzini ashushu nonyibilikiso ihlwempu ngamanzi abandayo.

Benzoic acid ifumana ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengoko ukubola ukutya, amayeza kunye kuyondelelaniswe eziphilayo ezisekelwe kuyo afunyenwe ezahlukeneyo izinto eziphilayo, kuquka nedayi. Kwakhona, lisetyenziswa kwishishini kwemichiza okanye kwisenzo iiLebhu zoHlahlelo.