Ubume kweeseli oluntu: elula ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo

iseli babantu yahlukile kwezinye izilwanyana njengokuba ilungu lomzimba, xa sicinga kuphela isakhiwo jikelele sicwangciso. Ukuhlalutya isakhiwo kwiiseli zabantu, cytology saphawula iinkalo ezimbini nezahlukileyo kumsebenzi - nucleus kunye icytoplasm. Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, ukuqinisekisa iimfuno lomgadi unit zonke izinto eziphilayo enze kukho icytoplasm.

Yonke imisebenzi ethile efana yindibanisela iiseli izihlunu okanye transmission uphawu luvo kwakhona lwenziwa yi ukusebenza kukho icytoplasm. Ngoko ke, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuba kukho icytoplasm yeseli eyahlukileyo. Kwaye apha okufanayo kwi isakhiwo ngumongo nkqu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ubume esiseleni isiqalo ngokufanayo ngokwaneleyo iiyunithi eziphilayo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho lutyhido of chromatin kunye nucleoli. Chromatin ayilo ikhemikhali, oko DNA nje "wapakisha" karhulumente. Le chromatin kwakhona isuntswana RNA kunye iiprothini, histones.

Isiqalo isikakhulu setyhula okanye elimbhoxo. Kodwa kukho lume, kwaye ezahlulwe constrictions ezinqamlezayo (njengoko yenzeka neutrophils). Ukuqwalasela ubume iiseli oluntu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho inkqubo inwebu lonke kunye interphase (ngaphandle division), i kernel isoloko singqongwe imvulophu yenyukliya. I-Shell imingxunya ekuthiwa pores zenyukliya. Ngabo ukuya engundoqo kwaye ukusuka macromolecules yokupasa.

umbilini ongaphakathi ngoLwesithathu iyahluka ukusuka kwiseli medium ilungiselelwa pores diaphragms obhityileyo ezivumela kuphela into efunekayo kungena ngumongo. Ngoko ke kernel inxibelelane kukho icytoplasm kolwazi chemical. Le nucleolus kwakheka rRNA kuyimfuneko ukuze cell-phindo. nucleoli badla ukudibanisa kwenye neemicroscope abone nucleolus enye enkulu.

juice Nuclear kumafa chemical - protein isisombululo colloidal, oko kakubi efafazwe kumalungiselelo ngenxa electron microscope, kwaye ivela njenge indawo ukukhanya ye photomicrographs. Yinto bume pretty inqabe lula apho Ukuncitshiswa metabolites, kunye genetic material ungahambisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Kwaye wenza ntoni kukho icytoplasm? In "umsebenzi" yakhe ayibandakanyi nje kuphela intlangano yokuzala, yonke enye into angayenza. Ubume kweeseli zabantu kangangokuba isiseko lobomi - igcwala, ithatha indawo icytoplasm. It iqulathe izakhiwo ezininzi ezincinci, ebizwa organelles, okanye organelles, ngokuthi umzekeliso imizimba umzimba elikhulu.

Uninzi organelles na isakhiwo ndizayo. Hayi imifinya kuphela ziqulathe ribosomes ezamahala, centrioles, isiliya kunye misila (zontathu iintlobo organelles luqulathe microtubules) kwakunye nesakhiwo fibrillar (microfilaments kunye fibrils).

Ubume yeseli inwebu yabantu, kuloo mgaqo, oko kukuthi, onke amasebe zivaliwe ngena kwiseli. Mitochondria, umzekelo, ngokubanzi iqanjwa lamanqanaba ezimbini imifinya, apho Yindibanisela iimolekyuli eneji - ATP ngenxa abasabela ngayo nokuphefumla yeselula. Mitochondria unique, ngenxa yokuba izinambuzane ziye zaba eziphila. Baye ufuzo zabo, kwaye ngokubanzi mhle ezizimeleyo. Kuthathwa ukuba baka yibhaktheriya.

Ribosomes, nto leyo maxa wambi ezidityanisiweyo polyribosomes, benza lo Yindibanisela protein, kuyimfuneko ukuba kukho icytoplasm. Kwaye kuyimfuneko kakhulu, kungekuphela nje ukwakha izakhiwo, kodwa ukwenzela ukugcina uzinzo xi osmotic yinto eqhelekileyo.

Le reticulum endoplasmic yi amadlu, leyo ezihambelanayo. Ezinye zazo le ribosome. A protein ukuba kuhlelwe ngabo, akuthethi iflowuthi kwincindi ye kukho icytoplasm - le cytosol, kwaye uyazimela iseli phambi lwemfuyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iimfuno.

izixhobo Golgi - into efana esitoreni bhegi. Kukho ababeyiqwebile ezibekwe izinto ezahlukeneyo. Iiproteni apha ukufumana isakhiwo ngasemaphethelweni yaye oko apha kwasekwa lysosomes.

Ethetha lysosomes. Konakalisa components iseli engafunwayo, ukuba kukho into engalunganga nabo, ngoko ukuphuhlisa izifo zokugcina. Emva kokufa yeseli, ukuba kokutshabalalisa imo engqongileyo iiyunithi nokuba kwabafileyo abaphilileyo nabafileyo, hayi nje yena.

Ubume aphilayo yahlukile isakhiwo abafileyo kwindawo yokuqala efika karyolysis abafileyo - sokonakalisa ngumongo kwaye imixholo yeseli emva imifinya ukwetyisa resorption lysosomal.