Battle of Tsushima 1905 Naval Battle kuLwandle of Japan. Tsushima Strait

Battle of Tsushima ngo-1905 kwezi zithuthi Russian Pacific ukusuka Japanese Imperial Navy lahluleka obukhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ulwandle idabi butho Russian woyiswa kwaye batshatyalaliswa. Kwindawo engundoqo ye iinqanawa Russian iye torpedoed yi oomatiloshe Japanese waphuphuma kunye namalungu enqanaweni. Eminye iinqanawa ubhengeze adele, ezine kuphela iinqanawa babuyela lwaseYurophu kwizibuko zakowabo. imfazwe Russian-Japanese (1904-1905) yaphela nge bazoyise enkulu yomkhosi le zithuthi Russian kufuphi nonxweme Tsushima siqithi (saseJapan). Ziziphi izizathu kokoyiswa, yaye kwakukho omnye isiphumo iziganeko kunokwenzeka?

Imeko yomkhosi kwezopolitiko kwiMpuma Ekude

imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905 lwaqalisa yokuhlaselwa yi ababhuqi weenqanawa Japanese besilwa iinqanawa Russian wawabeka kwiindlela ePort Arthur. ezimbini isithuthi zokudubula enzima kwaye inqanawa enye komhlaba yonakaliswa yokuhlaselwa inomzimba. History of the East Far has a lot of action emkhosini. Bonke bephela, yenzelwe ukuba zifake nokuluhlenga-division of iinkalo nempembelelo kule nxalenye yelizwe Russian.

umnqweno yaseJapan ukuba ngukumkani mpumalanga China kunye usingasiqithi Korean ngamandla ixhaswa yiBritani neUnited States of America. Amanyeneyo Russian ezimbalwa, ezifana France, Germany nabanye, kumba kulondolozwe imimandla Russian inkxaso ngamandla uMlawuli Russian Nicholas II. Noko ke, kule amathuba awalithabathayo qhinga bazama kodwa cala. Ukukhuthaza sizana babonakaliswa xa ihambelane neemfuno zabo urhwebo kuphela.

Strategic kwezigqibo

Gqolo ukuqinisa ukuhlaselwa Japanese ePort Arthur, isiseko ephambili Russian Pacific Fleet, kwanyanzeleka uMlawuli Nicholas II ukuthatha amanyathelo isigqibo. Esi sigqibo senziwe ngoJulayi 1904. Ukwenziwa buthathaka butho Pacific zokoyisa kwaye batshabalalisa fleet yaseJapan wathunyelwa evela Kronstadt butho phantsi kobunkokheli Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky.

It is on iinqanawa ngendlela Baltic kufumanisa ukuba ePort Arthur amkelwe, zonke baneenqanawa iindlela nezikhukhula. I-Pacific izithuthi itshabalele. Yiyo le ke imbali namazibuko Russian Far East. Noko ke, uNicholas II ugqiba ukuqhubeka umendo kwizithuthi komlawuli ukuya elunxwemeni Japan. Ukuze ukomeleza butho elihlaselayo ukusuka kuLwandle lweBaltic sele ithunyelwe ibutho yokulwa weenqanawa yangasemva Admiral N. I. Nebogatova.

abaphikisi nokungalingani kwamandla

Inkqubela Idabi Tsushima zinokufakwa kuboniwe inani ophandonzulu abalwayo. I-Pacific fleet Vice Admiral Zinovy Petrovich Rozhdestvensky ziquka:

• 8 ibutho koombayimbayi iinqanawa (Zempi) nxamnye 4 Japanese;
• 3 Coast Guard wempi nxamnye iinqanawa 6 alo utshaba;
• 1 ukuya ku-8, iiyunithi kreyserny armadillo Imperial fleet Japanese;
• 8 ukuya ku-16, cruisers cruisers Japanese;
• 5 ukuya 24 nkampani iinkundla zomkhosi yaseJapan;
• 9 Russian nxamnye 63 Japanese kubabulali.

Inzuzo kwabonakala ukulwa Japanese Admiral Togo Heyhatiro uthetha ukuba ngokwayo. Amava umlo Japanese fleet ngaphezu iRussia kuzo zonke iinkalo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba imbali amadabi aselwandle eRussia kutyeba kakhulu. Iintolo Japanese karate ngobuchule yoncutshe okuphazamisa utshaba kwi uluhlu olude, nethagethi mnye neenqanawa ezininzi. Oku akuzange kubekho izithuthi Russian. Nomsebenzi iphambili xesha yaba kwimiju- ombuso (kwimiju-), izixhobo zaselwandle, ibanjwa minyaka imiyalelo loMlawuli Nicholas II.

Iimpazamo kunye miscalculations wempi Russian

Injongo yesicwangciso sobuchule kohambo Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo waye bamba loLwandle Japan. Loo imeko yanikelwa koMlawuli Nicholas II. Noko ke, ZP Rozhdestvensky ubone injongo yayo yokusebenza kwezi zilandelayo: semikhosi, kungakhathaliseki nelahleko imikhumbi yabo, ukuba atyhudise, abheke Vladivostok. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukuze kuthintelwe kwiziqithi Japanese ukuya ngasempuma, bekuya kuba isigqibo ngobuchule echanekileyo, yaye Tsushima aselwandle ekulweni Kwakungayi kubakho.

Kodwa gosa akhetha, indlela emfutshane eyahlukileyo. Kuye kwagqitywa ukuya nge ezingxingongweni. Korea Strait odibanisa East China kunye kuLwandle eJapan, uya ngeenxa kwisiqithi Tsushima, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, uye iindlela ezimbini: entshonalanga kunye sicatshulwa mpuma (Tsushima Strait). Kwaba khona ukuba oomatiloshe Russian walinda Heytatiro Japanese Admiral Togo.

Zonke iindinyana avaliwe

Kukumthetheli-zithuthi Japanese ukhethe isicwangciso sobuchule kwemfazwe khona. iinqanawa Hamba chain yaququzelelwa phakathi ziqithi, nenokuthi kwazisa umphathi malunga odla kunokwenzeka kunye nendlela neenqanawa Russian. Ngomhla ngaphandle Vladivostok Japanese ngobulumko wabeka minefields. Yonke into ilungele umlo. iinqanawa Japanese Battle of Tsushima kulindeleke indlela iinqanawa Russian. Pacific Fleet umphathi wala ngohlolo emanzini, esoyika Ukufunyanwa butho yakhe cruisers intelligence yotshaba.

Bavuka kusasa kwedabi Tsushima, umhla kaMeyi 14, 1905, kwaqala.

Isiphumo ke lowo idabi ephambili Russian-Japanese War

Thumela armada motley enjalo yolwandle ezintathu abaninzi kwabonakala ukuba kukugeza. Kweli phulo abasoze wathumela amagqala kunye neendlela kunxitywe, clocked up amakhulu amawaka eekhilomitha elwandle, kwaye yakutshanje, agcwalisiwe ungxamile, abazange kudlula izitya yokuhlolwa. Oomatiloshe ungasoloko uthelekisa iinqanawa zabo njengabantu ezingaphiliyo esiphilayo. Armadillos amagama iinjengele kwincoko ngokukhethekileyo engafuni ukuya ekufeni ethile.

Bona wanamathela endleleni phantsi isiliphu, idle kude iindonga mveliso kwi ukulungiswa, wahlala phantsi ebhankini, bakhonza imiqondiso isilumkiso ngokucacileyo of nabasebenza kuzo.

It akakholwa izihlabo?

Ekuqaleni kuka-1900 kweli studio atshiswe imodeli nakwibandla wempi "uMlawuli Alexander III». Kwasungulwa yale nqanawa yabalasela kukuwa yeflegi nomgangatho komlawuli ekhatshwa amaxhoba zabantu.

Inqanawa "Eagle" watshona kwizibuko yoluntu, yaye kamva izihlandlo eziliqela obehleli balahleke, ileqeka butho kwi Gulf. Wempi "Uzuko" ngokubanzi azibanga nako ukuya nokunyuka.

Nangona kunjalo, lo umyalelo omkhulu nakuba ezazingaziwa. September 26, 1904 ngo Revel (owayekade Tallinn) wabamba umbukiso aphezulu zabalawuli. Nicholas II waya ngeenxa zonke iinqanawa noomatiloshe Wayefuna ukufikelela ePort Arthur nokuxhuma butho yokuqala Pacific Fleet ukuba ngokudibeneyo kakuhle kuLwandle Japan. Emva kweveki, Zempi ezisixhenxe, Cruiser, ababhuqi wakha ngasekhohlo kunxweme lwabo lweenkobe. iphulo lweentsuku ezili-220 ukuya Japanese kunxweme ubude 18 amawaka eekhilomitha elwandle sele iqalile.

izehlakalo

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ejongene butho umyalelo, - yinto ingxaki amafutha. Phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe olwandle ngexesha ke iinqanawa ze sokulwa ukuze aye amazibuko ebendilele party ngosuku kuphela. England, owayephethe inkoliso izikhululo kulayishwa kwindlela ye-butho, yavalwa amazibuko yalo iinqanawa Russian.

Supply kwadingeka amalahle, izibonelelo kunye namanzi acocekileyo, kwafuneka ukuba balungiselele ngqo elwandle. Ukuze ilungiswe ukuba mayixhotyiswe masifundisane unomahluko "ena", gqibezela ntliziyo seengcibi. Phela, babeya bayahlelwa oomatiloshe. Ngokubanzi, ukuphunyezwa kwe umsebenzi qhinga kwezo yemfaneleko isikali awona manqaku aphezulu.

Yamalahle kulayishwa inzima phezu kweelwandle eziphakamileyo, bubushushu olungaphezu yelanga, xa ubushushu kumagumbi kwibhoyila i bafikelela 70º Celsius, isaqhwithi esikhulu kude Cape of Good Hope - konke oku akuzange ayeke intshukumo butho. Akukho namnye iinqanawa abazange kubuya umva.

Umjikelo nokuwela ulwandle ezintathu

butho Russian, ngathi ghost elundini, akufane isondela amazibuko namazibuko. Ihlabathi liphela bemlalele it qhubeka. yocingo nangefowuni imigca International zilayishwe. Correspondents neentatheli agade butho ecaleni yonke le ndlela:

• Port Said (Egypt);
• Djibouti (East Afrika);
• Aden (Yemen);
• Dakar (Senegal);
• Conakry (Guinea);
• Kapa (eMzantsi Afrika).

Kodwa yonke imizamo ayiphumelelanga. Le yokupaka ixesha elide yokuqala waba Bay Masiba (Madagascar). kukho nabo baye bazimanya ingami squad yangasemva Admiral DG Felkerzama imvelaphi, i-short cut lokugqibela ngokusebenzisa Suez Canal. Ngexesha mithambo e Madagascar Admiral Z. P. Rozhdestvensky eqiniseka ukuba ukungakwazi baphantsi kwabo, ukuba kutolwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ukuba izinto ngokuchanekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, oku akumangalisi. Amaqela kwasekwa ikakhulu labantu kunye kwibhokisi sesohlwayo. Kwiinyanga ezimbini kamva - ukutsiba ngapha Indian Ocean. Owanelisayo ibutho odiniweyo wadibana abalobi yaseTshayina kwiStraits e Singapore, i-Vietnamese e Cam Mr. Latest halichondriidae abone isiqithi Jeju Korean iefa perile. Kungekudala kakhulu ukuqala Idabi Tsushima, umhla wokufa butho wasondela.

I imvula lokuqala utshaba

Xa iiyure 13 40 imizuzu nowaye wempi "Prince Suvorov" ikhokelwa ngu Captain 1st isikhundla V. Ignatsiusa walala phezu kwikhondo kumntla-mpuma 23. Imizuzu ezisithoba kamva, imipu yakhe wavula umlilo phezu fleet Japanese, nkqu wabanekelwa impendulo Uqhambuko kwemizuzu emibini volleys. Tsushima waqalisa impi yomkhosi. Uninzi ngesiphumo nqanawa kwacaca nkqu Petersburg.

Ukusuka ileta kukumthetheli abasebenza ngayo Guards wempi "uMlawuli Alexander III» Captain uluhlu 3rd NM Buhvustova: "Ufuna ukuba siphumelele. Hayi ke, sifuna ngayo. Kodwa awinileyo ayikho. Ngelo xesha, kwaye ndiyakuthembisa ukuba siya kufa sonke, kodwa musa ukunikezela. " Ingqwayi-ngqwayi waligcina ilizwi lakhe waza wabulawa kunye nokuqulunqwa ngokupheleleyo inqanawa.

Battle of Tsushima, ngokufutshane malunga main

Xa iiyure 14 imizuzu eli-15, kanye imizuzu engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu emva kokuqalisa ukulwa, le wempi "Oslabya" ekhokelwa Captain 1st isikhundla V. I. Berom, ngempumlo eyomeleleyo Vasitis kunye umlilo enkulu phezu Rostra liqengqiwe phantsi wawa kwicala lasekhohlo . kwemizuzu elishumi kamva, unyamalale phantsi kwamanzi, eshiya kuphela amaqhekeza iinkuni flounder ebantwini yamanzi phezu komhlaba.

A kwemizuzu embalwa emva kokufa "Oslabya" omnye emva komnye ngaphandle leenqanawa ukuze torpedoed yi oomatiloshe Japanese.

Ngu iiyure ezili-16 ngaphandle wempi order "iNkosana Suvorov", nto leyo mntu ulimeleyo kakubi amaqokobhe Japanese. Ekhumbula siqithi olenyayo, oko ezintlanu iiyure ukubonisa ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Kwimizuzu yokugqibela oomatiloshe Russian babuya umlilo uphila kuphela trohdyuymovki kunye shotgun. Wempi wafumana inomzimba hits ezisixhenxe waya phantsi kwamanzi.

A kancinane ngaphambili ndikwazile ukususa Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo kunye nabasebenzi kwi ingumtshabalalisi "Wild One". Abantu abangama-23 babalekiswa. kungekho namnye unako ukusindisa ngaphezulu. Wasithethela wempi wafa kuye umthetheli abakuluhlu 1st, abanetalente ngomzobi zaselwandle Vasiliy Vasilevich Ignatsius.

Ngokubanzi, ebudeni bemfazwe Russian-Japanese abafileyo ezimbini artist emangalisayo, kunye zombini alumni of the Marine lweSizwe, yaye kwenzeka engaqhelekanga nobizo ngokupheleleyo. Le artist yesibini - le Vasiliy Vasilevich Vereschagin, antywiliselwa kunye wempi "Petropavlovsk" kufuphi nonxweme ePort Arthur. Xa ke ngexesha elinye kunye naye abulawe kunye Admiral S. O. Makarov, oye waphumelela amadabi amaninzi ulwandle eRashiya yaye uzuko iqhayiya zezithuthi Russian. Emva flagship "Knyaz Suvorov" Russian Imperial Fleet batshabalalayo;

• "Sisoy Veliky" phantsi umyalelo Captain 1st isikhundla M. P. Ozerova;
• wempi "Navarino", ikhokelwa ngu Captain 1st Rank, uBaron B. A. Fitingofom;
• Cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" na zilandele kamva abathinjiweyo captain rank 1 A. Rodionova;
• wempi "Admiral Ushakov", umphathi ogama Captain 1st isikhundla V. N. Mikluhina (inqanawa wabulala wokugqibela butho Russian);
• "Admiral Senyavin" ikhokelwa ngu Captain 1st isikhundla S. I. Grigorevym, ngubani yathinjwa yaseJapan.

Ingozi uyaqhubeka

Battle of Tsushima ngo-1905 ngakumbi nangakumbi athimba waya oomatiloshe enzulu Russian kunye imikhumbi yabo. Enye ukufa wempi nezilima bangena emanzini zonke izandla ebhodini. De kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela ebantwini - ukusuka umphathi ukuya stoker - yamonga ngethemba lokuba oko kuya kuba lula ukoyisa Idabi eyoyikekayo Tsushima (1905) kunye kunxweme Russian kwi Kakade kumntla-mpuma 23 kubonakale. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuze asinde. Abaninzi baye bafa kunye nale ngcamango. oomatiloshe Russian kwi wempi aphilileyo umkhondo sikhatshwa ukujonga indawo lokufa akanye zabo. Ukusebeza black emlonyeni evuthayo. "UThixo ukuphumla imiphefumlo yabo, Nkosi"

Abhubha kunye oogxa bakhe iyonke wempi "uMlawuli Alexander III», yaye kamva "Borodino". Ngokungummangaliso kwasinda matiloshe enye kuphela. Isiphumo imfazwe ekufanele bayifumane. Battle of Tsushima ngo-1905 wenza sicinge malunga invincibility yezi zithuthi Russian. Ngentsasa elandelayo, emva sisinde inomzimba ebusuku ehlasela yokutyiwa butho Russian ukuba inikezelwe kwiNgxowa-Japanese yangasemva Admiral N. I. Nebogatovym. Kamva Admiral uNikolay Ivanovich Nebogatov wagwetywa ukuvalelwa entolongweni iminyaka elishumi 'ngokwembono Naval iNkundla Imperial uHlanga.

Bayahlelwa umphathi

Injengele ngumtshabalalisi "Wild One", ngubani asindiswe Admiral Z. P. Rozhestvenskogo, waba ngumthetheli abakuluhlu 2 uNikolay Nikolaevich Kolomiytsev. Isiphelo sale ndoda iyamangalisa kakhulu. Ide Russian-Japanese War, waba hydrographer obalaseleyo, umhambi, umphengululi ka Taimyr, injengele icebreaker "Ermak". Yena inxaxheba kwiphulo Russian ezimbini Toll Baron Eduard. Ukubuyela Russia emva Tsushima, apho wahlukile njengomnye kubathetheli ephezulu Russian Navy, NN Kolomiitsev umthetho iinqanawa ezahlukeneyo. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I yaba isekela-gosa. Ngowe-1918 wabanjwa yi kwiBolsheviks kwaye wavalelwa uPetros Paul Fortress. Xa uninzi iimpapasho abathile leSoviet of NN Kolomiytseva iqukumbela ngala mazwi: "Abafileyo e Petrograd, mhlawumbe ngo-1918" Ngowe-1972, igama layo wanikwa nqanawa lokuhlola amanzi entsha. Kuphela Kutshanje kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba uNicholas Kolomiitsev ngo-1918 basaba eFinland. Kamva wayesilwa kuLwandle Black kwicala Baron Wrangel. Emva koko wafudukela eFransi, wafa eUnited States phantsi amavili ilori yombutho ekupheleni kuka-1944. Ngenxa yoko, le nqanawa "UNikolai Kolomiitsev" nguye kuphela eSoviet Navy inqanawa ogama emva Admiral of the White Guard kunye Expat.

ulwazi zembali

Ukususela kwizintlu navies yexesha iinqanawa ezimbini nxaxheba Battle of Tsushima wasinda de imihla yethu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Cruiser "Aurora" kwaye inqanawa Japanese "Mikasa", aziwa Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Bronepalubnaya "Aurora" kwi Tsushima zanikwa utshaba malunga namawaka amabini oonokrwece, ukuba, yena, hit mabini anamnye. Le Cruiser waba umonakalo omkhulu, amalungu elinesithandathu labasebenzi bakhe, kuquka umphathi, Captain 1st isikhundla E. R. Egorev, babulawa, kwalimala abantu 83 ngaphezulu. ukungabinako ukuya phambili, "Aurora" kunye Cruiser "Oleg" yaye "Pearl" imipu e Manila (Philippines). Ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali emkhosini, bathatha inxaxheba Idabi Tsushima, usinika isizathu Cruiser "Aurora" ukuze abe sisikhumbuzo ngaphezu obethe odumileyo blank ngo-Oktobha 1917.

Kwisixeko Yokosuka kwiindleko wempi "Mikasa" njengoko iinqanawa yimyuziyam. On nto ixesha elide kakhulu Tsushima engama yabamba iintlanganiso amagqala, nxaxheba yemfazwe Russian-Japanese. I-Japanese zibhekisela kulo lesikhumbuzo zembali kunye intlonelo elikhulu kunene.

Inkumbulo oomatiloshe efile Tsushima

Lamacandelo 36 butho Russian e Vladivostok weza ezintathu. Ithenda "Almaz" abonakalisi 'esibi "yaye" nesibindi. " Uninzi iinqanawa 5000 oomatiloshe baye bafumana ukuphumla obungunaphakade kwi emazantsi Korea Strait kunye iziqithi Tsushima Dazhelet. Emangcwabeni oomatiloshe Russian ngubani osweleka ngenxa yamanxeba bakhe ekuthinjweni, kodwa walondoloza ngononophelo yaseJapan e Nagasaki. Ngowe-1910, eSt Petersburg ngomhla imali abantu kunye nabahlolokazi iminikelo itempile njengekhephu-ezimhlophe uMsindisi on Waters yayakhelwe, azinikele kumaxhoba Tsushima. Temple wema ngokufutshane, de 30 phakathi. War Russian-Japanese, Battle of Tsushima - yeekota ezimbini ziya kuhlala ngonaphakade kwimemori obungunaphakade yabantu Russian.