Anatomy of the joint idolo. isikhwama kwedolo

Anatomy of the ezidityanelweyo idolo (Sinelnikov R. D. kunye nabanye ndamgqala iinkcukacha) inzima kakhulu. Le ndibanisela emzimbeni womntu ibandakanya ungamalungu amaninzi. Uxhulumaniso kuthatha phezu imithwalo zinzima, ukusasazwa ubunzima, amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu zayo. entsonkothileyo joint kungenxa amalungu alo. Ezi amathambo inkulu kweqondo asezantsi.

Ukwakheka joint ebandakanya amathambo ezintathu. Bona luqhakamshelene izixhobo enamandla articular, equka philisi joint, nemisipha kunye bursae. Ilunga yonke iqhutywa umsipha umlenze.

Ubume welungu idolo

Kwedolo iqulathe ezintathu amathambo, izihlunu, ekuqinisekiseni nentshukumo yayo, kwalapho kunye imithambo yegazi, meniscus, nemisipha cruciate. Loo isakhiwo nzima ngenxa layisha phezulu. Anatomy of leziNdlu idolo inika intuthuzelo enkulu xa uhamba kwi kwiziphelo-2. Xa obeku-, isakhiwo sibamba lula kakhulu kwiziphelo-4.

Kumphezulu yifemur (condyles) enemilo ellipsoids. Le condyle medial uba ugobile ngaphezu lateral. Phakathi condyles kufuneka suprapatellaris komhlaba. Le ibekwe phambi kwe yifemur kunye emseleni nkqo wahlulelene ngezinto ezincinane ngaphakathi langaphandle enkulu. Bona ahlangene imiphezulu articular elingasemva patella.

Condyles phakathi kancinane, yaye musa ahambelane bend kunye ugobile ke condyles ze yifemur. Ngaphandle leli phutha, intlala interarticular (meniscus ngaphakathi nangaphandle) uhambelane.

Umsebenzi nentshukumo

Ilunga amadolo unako ukwenza iintshukumo zilandelayo: flexion, ukwandiswa kunye ujikelezo. Umlinganiswa kwelinye condylar. Xa menisci zokwandisa abe, ukuba decompressed xa onke. Ngenxa yokuba nemisipha wowona bekhululekile kule ndawo, kunye neendawo zazo uncamathiselo yile kufuphi enye kwenye, kukho ithuba intshukumo - ujikelezo.

Xa kokutshintsha lesiquluba ongaphakathi intshukumo cruciate limited lungu, bakubon 'ukuba baphumle ngaphandle intshukumo, kunye namandla awo anqongophele ngenxa amagwegwe.

menisci

Anatomy of leziNdlu idolo iminyaka emininzi ukufunda isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi menisci kwakunye ukwenzakala ezinxulumene nazo - aqhelekile.

Meniscus - unxantathu plate intlala, eqinileyo ngaphandle (tho leli philisi articular) zijonge ngaphakathi welungu sisinge. Ukusuka ngaphezu ke phakathi, atshabalalisa ezantsi. Emancamini olungaphandle kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo ekupheleni aphezulu condyles tibial ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Le meniscus lateral emise ngathi yinxalenye esangqeni ukhumbula medial iceba-ezimile.

Yamluma ipleyiti cartilaginous ngaphambili lwenzeka (ngokusebenzisa nemisipha nedolo ezinqamlezayo) ukubuyela lesiquluba (umphakamo intercondylar).

ukulele ezinkulu

komzimba emfutshane idolo usoloko uchaza nemisipha cruciate (cipande kunye ngomva), apho ibekwe ngqo kwi kwamadolo. Zibizwa ngokuba nemisipha intracapsular.

Ukongezelela kubo joint abe ngummeli wowona osecaleni (medial kunye sclerosis). Zibizwa nemisipha vnekapsulnymi, njengoko ngaphandle philisi ehlangeneyo.

Vnekapsulnye lungu thaca tibial kunye fibular mali lungu. Baqala kunye epicondyle medial kwaye zisecaleni yifemur kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule epiphysis ongentla lesiquluba kunye umphezulu olungaphandle lesiquluba, ngokulandelelana. Zozibini ezi udityanisiwe kwi philisi ngokudibeneyo.

lungu Intracapsular, cipande kunye ngomva cruciate ekuqaleni kumphezulu engaphakathi osecaleni medial condyle femoral, yiya phambili kwaye ngaphakathi (bathele ngaphakathi), zifakwe kwi ngaphambili kunye intsimi elingasemva lesiquluba, ngokulandelelana.

lungu

komzimba ngesimo sendawo idolo elidityanelweyo ngaphandle intra-articular kunye nemisipha extra-articular, kunye nezinye izifundo.

Patellar lungu imicu ekuthiwa 4 intloko kwizihlunu ethangeni, ophuma phezulu phantsi, uya patella, asisibeke macala onke yaye ifikelela kulo lesiquluba. Ezithungwini imicu osisi asendleleni emacaleni kunye nentloko patella ukuya medial kunye condyle zisecaleni lesiquluba. Zakha yangaphandle kunye ngaphakathi ukuxhasa lungu patellar.

Xa nemisipha exhasayo le patella kukho imiqadi tyaba, ezo iqhotyoshelwe epicondyle ye yifemur. Umsebenzi ukuxhasa nemisipha - ubambe patella endaweni.

Ngaphaya philisi joint xi tiyisiwa hi lungu elibhalwe ngokumileyo popliteal. Iqala ukusuka condyle le lesiquluba kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule condyle ye yifemur, enika philisi odibeneyo imiqadi. Esithengiswayo uthatha imiqadi yinxalenye imisipha izihlunu ethangeni, ezizezi umsipha semimembranosus.

Eli lungu arcuate popliteal kwakhona inxaxheba ekugcineni patella. Iqala evela yifemur kunye lesiquluba, kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule tibial. Inyanda kwaye iqala ize iphele phezu condyle lateral.

Lateral meniscus idolo lungu idibanisa kumphezulu wazo ngaphambili.

Front meniskobedrennaya lungu evela inxalenye Icipande le meniscus medial, kufuneka ukuba phezulu kwaye ngaphandle ukuya condyle lateral femoral.

Bakhulise meniskobedrennaya lungu luphumba ngomva ngohlangothi meniscus lwangaphandle ukuba phezulu kwaye ngaphakathi ukuya condyle medial femoral.

idolo imisebenzi ngokudibeneyo Condylar njengoko ginglymoid ukuba kwindawo unbent. Anatomy of leziNdlu idolo likuvumela ukuba uphendule kwi-axis nkqo endaweni bent.

capsule joint

Le philisi articular encamathele kuyo yomithathu le mibuzo yokuba amathambo ezibandakanyeka kumiswa ngokuhlangeneyo.

Yi uthimbo femoral kwenzeka phantsi epicondyle, ukuya tibial - kumphezulu odibeneyo patella ukuya - ecaleni kumphezulu articular.

synovia babugubungela ubuso kokuqhagamshelana ithambo kunye intlala imigca nemisipha cruciate. Ukongeza isakhiwo kakuhle inwebu enza nobuninzi villi lwamalunga nezibaya zemihlambi.

Kakhulu kuphuhliswa ezibayeni - ke iphiko. Ba ngapha nangapha patella phezulu. Kwaye ziqulathe phakathi sheets zazo podnadkolennikovoe umzimba ngamanqatha.

Podnadkolennikovaya plica synovia ungaphantsi ithambo, kuba nokuqhubekeka Imihlubulo iphiko-ezimile. Asuka ngaphezu patella, nguye lo kwisisu joint, iqhotyoshelwe ukuya kwikona phambi emhadini, phakathi condyles ze yifemur.

Lwamalunga iingxowa amadolo replacement: nokwakheka isakhiwo

Philisi idolo Iifomu synovia iingxowa eziliqela. Ukuze babe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo izihlunu kunye nemisipha, Ubuxoki ngaphakathi naphakathi kwawo. Bursa abe phakathi amathambo nemisipha.

Imicu 4 intloko-izihlunu ethangeni kunye cipande ubuso patella ndawonye bakha ibhegi podsuhozhilnuyu prepatellar.

patella bundle kunye lesiquluba ndawonye bakha suprapatellaris Bursa nzulu. Maxa wambi umntu uqhagamshelwano kwamadolo kwisisu joint, ezahlulwe umaleko okunamafutha.

Yeyona bursae inkulu entlanganweni idolo.

unyawo washington idolo elifana: nokwakheka nendawo

Kuba ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo idolo kukho iqela izihlunu, nabanako ukwahlulelana kuxhomekeka kwindawo yabo;

• Umphambili womlenze - umsipha quadriceps.
• Imisipha - zomfana, semitendinosus, semimembranous.
• kwamathanga zangaphakathi - ezinkulu, encinane, ende, emfutshane, adductors, ikama kwezihlunu.

Shin yindawo apho imvelaphi inyuselwa khona femoris 3 - eyenzelwe, semitendinosus elibhityileyo. Kweli nqanaba, yaye kwasekwa unyawo irhanisi, apho ibekwe khona Bursa.

Ukwenzakala welungu idolo

Edolweni - Kuyaziwa kakhulu. Ukwenzela ukufumanisa unobangela intlungu edibeneyo, ugqirha rhoqo limisela MRI. Anatomy of the idolo (amathambo, nemisipha, izihlunu, imithambo, njalo njalo. D.) Ibonakale kulo mfanekiso, nto leyo eza kuqinisekisa ukuba yintoni unobangela kabi.

rhoqo edolweni ukufumana iimbaleki, kwakunye nabo basebenza ibandakanya abasebenzi emzimbeni. Ukwenzela ukunciphisa ingozi edolweni ngokudibeneyo, kufuneka ukomeleza rhoqo izihlunu kunye nemisipha. Yenza umthambo ezilula ukuzilolonga ngokudibeneyo, ndisele rhoqo izakhiwo vitamin-bezimbiwa. Onke la manyathelo kunceda ukomeleza edibeneyo kwedolo kunye nemisipha, ebangela ukuba ukuhamba.