Ukubunjwa, Isayensi
Biology - isayensi study ntoni?
Enye yezona yamandulo, kodwa inkqubela nanamhlanje nesayensi biology. It is a isayensi lifunda iyantlukwano indalo esingqongileyo. Ngapha koko, yonke imihla sijamelene amakhulu eziphilayo izidalwa: izinambuzane, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, izityalo, Kakade ke, abantu. umzimba ngamnye uneempawu zawo kunye nesakhiwo yobomi, bonke amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yimithetho ethile kwaye kwenziwe iintlobo ngeentlobo nobuhlobo. lo Yonke nokuphononga nenzululwazi enkulu, umdla kunye enkulu ngokwenene ezifana biology.
Ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila Umhlaba planethi
iplanethi yethu kumiwa yi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Bonke ziyasebenzisana, ibe iqokobhe eqhelekileyo. Living isikhumba Umhlaba. Ibizwa ngokuba umhlaba onokuphila. Ukongeza umhlaba onokuphila, umhlaba wethu iqokobhe njengoko kwehayidrosfere, lithosfere umoya. Ngokwendalo, yonke biomass biosphere iqokobhe ayikwazanga ayisekho ngaphandle kwezinye kweqokobhe. Ngoko ke, eli candelo lunemiqathango kakhulu. Enyanisweni, ngamnye yeqokobhe ubunjwe abameli biosphere.
Umzekelo, i-lithosfere inabantu iimpethu, iintsholongwane, kwindawo, izinambuzane kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kwakhona, ukuba ibekwe inxalenye engezantsi ezininzi izityalo zakhe ezikhoyo ezisentlabathini.
Inxalenye yomgangatho, emelwe isambuku zonke iintlobo amanzi emhlabeni, kuba ngokubanzi ihlabathi liphela, entle umdla kumafa yayo ngolunya. I-atmosfera nayo umnyinyiva. Iintlobo ngeentlobo iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, nezinambuzane, neentaka zezulu, kwaye nkqu ezanyisayo lukwa yinxalenye yawo kwaye usebenzise ukuze yokuhlala isigxina. Njengoko lonke, phantse zonke izinto eziphilayo (ngaphandle ezinye iintlobo iintsholongwane) ziyakwazi ukuphila kuphela phantsi kweemeko aerobic, oko kukuthi, umoya ojikeleze umhlaba.
Zonke biomass semvelo iqokobhe - eluntwini elingenisa of eziphilileyo. Kwaye ngoko ke inzululwazi zasendle, ibhayoloji, konke kufakwa amasebe ayo, nje inxaxheba kwisifundo eneenkcukacha kule ndawo enkulu.
Iindlela kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswa eziphilayo
Ukuze uhlalutyo olubanzi kunye nokujonga eneenkcukacha lula zonke izinto eziphilayo zemvelo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa eziphilayo. Ezifana:
- a kuphungula;
- yamasango;
- ga;
- izixhobo zokulinganisela;
- imigibe-ibala;
- mortars kunye pestles;
- ngemibhobho;
- izithebe kunye Petri dish;
- sokuhlaziya inaliti neetafile;
- nezipili kunye iglasi ezenza nkulu;
- iintlobo- ntlobo iimikroskopu njalo-njalo.
Kakade ke, akukho uluhlu olupheleleyo lwazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ezinceda zebhayoloji bahlala ulwazi kunye nophando.
Kwakhona, kukho iindlela ezithile ezisebenzisa biology njenge inzululwazi. iindlela biology azifani, kodwa engundoqo zazo zihlelwe ngolu hlobo.
indlela eziphilayo
| igama indlela | izinto ezisetyenziswayo | ukubaluleka practical |
| ukubukela | Field Diary, omabonakude, zimenza mkhulu iglasi, ngemicroscope, ividiyo kunye nezixhobo ifoto njalo njalo. | Ukufumana ekhombisa olubonakalayo yenjongosenzi waphawula ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kunye neenkqubo zendalo, ukuqokelela ulwazi luncedo. |
| incazelo | Ikhompyutha, ukubhala izinto nephepha. | Nitrogen kweziphumo ukuba zifunyenwe ngokuzibonela. Le ndlela inika zezembali zokugcinwa iinkcukacha luncedo. |
| lokulinga | izixhobo Laboratory, microscope njalo njalo. D. | Beka phambili nokuqinisekisa bobuqili yeengcinga zenzululwazi. |
| uthelekiso | Iincwadi okanye amalinge ngalo mbandela. | Ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ngaphezu isiphumo echanekileyo, yaye ibonisa umahluko ebomini, ubume eziphilayo, kuxhomekeke imiba eyahlukeneyo. |
| Ukulinganisa (kuquka gabalala, systematization) | Materials ukwakha imifanekiso yento phantsi isifundo. | It ikuvumela ukuba ufake umfanekiso lweenkqubo ukuqikelela isiphumo. |
| indlela analytical | izixhobo zokulinganisela, iikhompyutha | Livumela ukuba ukufumana iipateni jikelele okanye umahluko ngokwendalo kwaye sinika systematization ulwazi lwasemoyeni. |
iindlela Modern:
| Centrifuges, iimikroskopu ezizodwa, izitya petri, eendaba nenkcubeko esekelwe agar, izixhobo ezithile kunye nezixhobo. | Nika uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo malunga iiyunithi incinane ephilileyo, ukunika ingcaciso epheleleyo malunga neenkqubo ezenzeka kwinqanaba eziphilayo. Vumela ukuba aphazamise zofuzo ukuseta iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo izinto eziphilayo. |
Ngenxa yoko, sifumana isiphumo ilandelayo. Biology - isayensi lifunda zezinto eziphilayo lugqityiwe ngokupheleleyo, nequlethe okuninzi kwaye usebenzisa iintlobo ubuchwepheshe bale mihla.
Eyona engundoqo amasebe eziphilayo
Namhlanje, eziphilayo has inqwaba yi nenzululwazi entsha, leyo kwasekwa kulo ngenxa beqokelela isixa esikhulu nolwazi kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo imicimbi ebuthathaka ephathelele zezinto eziphilayo. Yindlela esiwaphawula, iindawo ephuhliswe ngokwembali ezisisiseko isayensi yezinto eziphilayo.
- Biology jikelele.
- Imizila yemfuza.
- Ngezilo.
- Botany.
- I zomzimba izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.
- Nokwakheka.
- Physiology Human.
- Ecology.
- Biogeography.
- Ngamachiza ezinto eziphilayo.
Okokuqala, biology - inzululwazi wendalo. Ngoko ke, zonke ezi ndawo zisisiseko kwimeko kwale nzululwazi.
Biology Jikelele: kakuhle, into yokufunda
Phantsi eli gama lithetha ekufundweni iinkalo zobomi yonke inkqubo ophilileyo: imvelaphi, zazivelela kokuhluma kwindalo, ukusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, i-biology jikelele iquka la macandelo alandelayo:
- theory iseli kunye nesakhiwo esiseleni.
- Le ontogeny eziphilayo.
- ezinto eziphilayo.
- Imizila yemfuza.
- Le Ukudaleka zonke izinto eziphilayo.
- Ecology.
- Imfundiso ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila woMhlaba iqokobhe.
Ukusuka kuluhlu kuyacaca ukuba biology - isayensi lifunda iimpawu jikelele eziqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iinkqubo zokuphila xa iyonke. Ekuhambeni wemfundo efundiswa biology ngokubanzi kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo, ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-11 ebandakanya wonke. Kufanele, ngenxa ingqiqo ukuba kuquka kukodwa, kakhulu entsonkothileyo, enkulu yaye ifuna ngaphezu sengqondo kwasekwa abafundi.
Botany kule mfundo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu babeka inani kwi iintlobo malunga 350 000, xa kufikwa ezahlukeneyo izityalo mihla. Ngokwendalo, oku nani liphezulu kakhulu, kwaye izityalo ezizodwa umdla, kungekhona ukwenza inzululwazi eyahlukileyo ejongene kuphela kunye nezifundo zabo. Yile isayensi usebenza Botany, icandelo biology.
Zonke izityalo lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ezisentlabathini kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Kodwa ke kuphela ziingqikelelo, nodidi komhlaba. Enyanisweni, kukho zohlaza ezininzi, kwisizukulwana, iintlobo, zenyathi, kunye nezinye iiyunithi ocwangcisekileyo zihlukaniswe izityalo. Lo ngumongo KABLOOM yezityalo, omnye yesebe Botany.
Kukho kwakhona amanye amasebe, ezifikelela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi zezityalo:
- plant morphology;
- plant zomzimba;
- nemvelo;
- biogeography;
- phylogeny;
- kwemvelo;
- Economic Botany.
Wokuhlangana zonke ezi Sciences, kwakunye nezo namasebe eziyinxalenye ngamnye kubo ke, yenza uphando olunzulu ogcweleyo ephilayo isityalo. Ngoko ke, singatsho kakuhle ukuba biology - inzululwazi kwezityalo.
Botany kufundwe ekuhambeni isikolo biology yeeklasi 6-7, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yoqeqesho. phylogeny imibuzo kunye ngendaleko ezifundiswe kwibakala 11.
Zoology ekuhambeni isikolo
ngezilwanyana Science wachaza iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe 1350000 zasendle. Uninzi ezi ezingenamqolo - izinambuzane, iintshulube, izidalwa zolwandle. Eli nani ayikho lokugqibela, kuba Izazi zabo zophando musa ukuma. Nangona sengathi nto ukuvula kwaye aziwa zonke izilwanyana, kwenzeka ngamaxesha athile babone iintlobo ezintsha.
Zoology - enye zenzululwazi zindala, ezibandakanya biology. Izilwanyana - enye zezinto eziphilayo ziqhelekileyo kwaye ikuyo iplanethi yethu. Zoology lujongene isifundo ngesakhiwo (ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi) zonke izilwanyana, zabo KABLOOM, amalungu, anatomy, ethology, imvelo kunye nokwakheka kwaso.
Njengoko ngokunjalo Botany, icandelo ngezilwanyana inyanzelekile ukuba ukufunda isayensi yezinto eziphilayo esikolweni. indlela yayo iwela grade 7.
Indima eziphilayo ebomini bomntu
Biology - isayensi izifundo yaye ibandakanya iinkalo ezininzi ezahlukileyo ebomini, ukuba akukho ndiyathingaza ngokubaluleka kwalo nokubaluleka. Imizekelo ephambili ebonisa ngokucacileyo kwaye bokubonisa oko, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Izilwanyana omzimba yamathumba somhlaza (sharks kunye ray) kukho isizathu esivakalayo ekufumaneni kukwavulwa yokunyanga isifo kwenkulungwane xxi.
- Impumelelo microbiologists, biochemists kunye zebhayoloji zonyango ukuvumela uluntu ukuphelisa izifo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka imvelaphi wentsholongwane amagciwane.
- Biotechnology, iseli kunye nobunjineli genetic kwenza kube lula ukuphucula imveliso yezolimo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla yonke iintlanga.
- biology yemvelaphi ityhila imvelaphi yabo bonke ubomi, ukuze ufake umfanekiso yehlabathi nokuphepha iimpazamo kwixesha elizayo.
Oku zonke izizathu kunye neemeko ezikuvumela ukuthetha malunga biology njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ebalulekileyo kubomi nokuqhele ukwenziwa izazi zesayensi.
amasebe ezintsha eziphilayo
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindawo aselula nathembisayo nenzululwazi ababazalayo ezifana:
- biotechnology;
- eziphilayo;
- engineering iseli;
- engineering genetic;
- ezinto eziphilayo;
- eziphilayo;
- biology isithuba;
- eziphilayo zonyango.
yonke entsokothileyo ezi Sciences kuvumela ukuba elichaza naliphi na iqumrhu ezinxulumene inkqubo ophilayo. Ngoko ke, biology - inzululwazi uhlobo kwi ndawo yokuqala, yaye malunga nenzuzo ukuba ukunika umntu.
Biology esikolweni
Biology ngayo ngokungangqalanga kwinqanaba lika-imbali yendalo (kwikharityhulam yeBakala 5). Kuba njengesifundo iqala kwibanga-6 (Botany), alisoloko iBakala 7 - ngezilwanyana, bamaBakala 8 - anatomy, 9-11 - ibhayoloji jikelele.
Ikhosi School yale inzululwazi ibandakanya ezahlukeneyo izihloko eziphilayo, esebenza phantse onke amasebe awo kunye namacandelo. Oku kwenziwa ukwenza umfanekiso obanzi abantwana kwimbono yehlabathi, kwakunye nokwenziwa ngokucacileyo abafundi ukubaluleka nokubaluleka nenzululwazi ngobomi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
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