Amalungu oluntu: kwisekethe. Anatomy: isakhiwo kwabantu

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngokufutshane malunga nezimaphambili ezingundoqo komzimba. Ngokukodwa, siya ukuqonda indima edlalwa yimibutho eyahlukeneyo yabantu, malungiselelo aya kunikwa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Olu lwazi luza kuba luncedo kubafundi, kwakunye nabo bafuna ukuba ukukhumbula iziseko ngesakhiwo yabantu.

Le mbono "igunya" - "izixhobo" - "inkqubo"

Ukongeza kweli nqaku siza bahlalutye iimpawu ngesakhiwo komzimba womntu, okwangoku kukuqinisekisa izixhobo ingqiqo. Enyanisweni, kuba ingqondo enzulu ulwazi olulandelayo-up iyakwanela ukuphonononga imigaqo emithathu.

Ngoko ke, umzimba - ingqokelela ezahlukeneyo iiseli zomzimba emzimbeni, leyo enze imisebenzi echazwe kakuhle yokuhlola. Ukusuka lesiGrike yamandulo eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "isixhobo".

Ukususela ngokombono amayeza kunye eziphilayo, umzimba - ingqokelela iiseli zomzimba kuphela xa ulwalamano lwabo embryological kunye nendawo uzinzile ngaphakathi emzimbeni.

Okulandelayo, siza kuhlalutya imizimba yabantu, le nkqubo iya kukhokelwa ukubekwa emzimbeni.

Ingcamango elandelayo, nto leyo ukuthetha, ukuba babe "inkqubo imizimba." Eli qela elithile amalungu ethu omzimba ene ulwalamano yokwakheka kwaye embryological, kwakunye onemfundo oluhlangeneyo.

Kubalulekile ukuba siqonde inkcazo yokoqobo. Ngenxa yokuba kota izayo inefuthe inguqulelo thumbanails ye edlulileyo.

Ngenxa yoko, isixhobo - ngayo liqela elinye kwezidumbu, zidibene umsebenzi owodwa ephunyeziweyo. Ngokungafaniyo concepts edlulileyo, yiyo lo nto ichaza ulwalamano lwabo. ubudlelwane yokwakheka kwaye osandul abanazo.

izixhobo weentshukumo

Qala ukufunda isakhiwo yokwakheka komzimba ifanelekileyo kwinkqubo musculoskeletal. Kulo mzekelo, siya ujamelene kwikota yesithathu, oko kuxoxwe ngasentla.

Apha sisebenzisana iziphumo wenzululwazi ezifana yenyani, syndesmology kunye Myology.

Enyanisweni, le yunithi ibandakanya isethi yonke amathambo, imisipha, amalunga, musculature somatic. Banoxanduva hayi nje kuphela ngenxa olinganise omzimba kunye nemilo wayo; kodwa yobuso, intshukumo kunye ukuhamba.

Njengoko sele sibonile, imizimba yabantu (ezicatshulwe ngasentla scheme) ukusebenzisa olu izixhobo wandixhasa.

kwegazi

Okulandelayo, siza kuqwalasela isakhiwo lwangaphakathi omzimba yaye ngokuyinxenye bangaphandle. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba, efana nenkqubo musculoskeletal, nemithambo yegazi yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ebomini inkxaso yabantu.

Inika lokuhamba igazi kwemithambo ngemithambo, kwakunye ihambisa ioksijini kunye izakhamzimba iiseli. Ukongeza flow igazi, kuba imveliso ngokusebenzisa carbon dioxide kunye nezinye iimveliso inkunkuma evela kwiiseli emzimbeni wethu.

Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo, imithambo yegazi kunye emithanjeni bamthiyele onke amalungu oluntu. Icebo nemithambo yegazi ufana web yesigcawu ngcanjana ezinkulu nezincinane.

Umzimba iphambili yale nkqubo zentliziyo, ufana umatshini motion ongunaphakade, ngaphandle ukuyeka igazi iimpompo ngokusebenzisa iimpahla. Ixesha kulo mzimba kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yendalo kwemithombo umzimba.

ukutya okungenazakha-mzimba, okusingqongileyo, imfuza engxaki abasisigxina kukhokelela kukuba iindonga inqanawa aselula, kwaye kwisisu yangaphakathi slags ixhelwe. Ngenxa yale yokuziphatha, kukho izifo ezifana lwegazi, iingxaki sentliziyo. Kwixesha elizayo, liyabulala.

Le nkqubo emithanjeni

yenzululwazi umdla kakhulu - nokwakheka. Ubume bomntu evula amehlo akhe bokuphila ezininzi, kunye nabo, kunye neenkqubo nasengqondweni. Umzekelo, inkqubo emithanjeni. Iyafana kakhulu sentliziyo. Kodwa ke, ngokungafaniyo le yokugqibela, inkqubo emithanjeni ayikho lavalwa yaye akukho nomzimba enjalo unique njengentliziyo.

Le nto ndiyibhalayo igazi neempahla, emithanjeni, komboko, imibhobho neendawo. Nkovu is a xi yendalo okuncinane ihamba kancinci nge kwimibhobho vuphukuphuku. Ngesi ulwelo, imveliso yenkunkuma ezingenakulinganiswa ukuba kwegazi ilahlwe.

Enyanisweni, lo nkovu - inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi ngokurhoxiswa ulwelo evela kwizihlunu zomzimba. Nencindi lwenzeka kwi mithambo. Ngenxa yoko, ekugqibeleni azivalele yonke ukujikeleza plasma igazi emzimbeni.

luvo

Yonke into ukufunda anatomy (isakhiwo kwabantu, ukusebenza kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni), lilawulwa yi-luvo.

Luquka kokohlukana engundoqo neuropathy. Eyokuqala ke ingqondo kunye umnqonqo, kwaye eyesibini - imizwa, iingcambu, plexus kunye ganglia nemithambo neziphelo.

Apha indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa kwinkqubo musculoskeletal. Ubuchopho ise em- le cranium kunye lomsele spinal esihla phantsi ngaphakathi lomqolo.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi ye-nervous system yohlulwe le yawo kunye somatic. Eyokuqala unoxanduva ugqithiso neemvakalelo phakathi kwamasebe esembindini kunye nezibilini. Nangona yesibini kanga ingqondo ngu luvo nolusu kunye nenkqubo musculoskeletal.

Okulandelayo siza kuthetha inkqubo yonyango. Bona, kunye novalo kwezonxibelelwano kwakunye nokulawula izinto ezenziwa nganye inkqubo yomzimba. Ukongeza, into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukukwazi komzimba ukuphendula utshintsho yangaphandle nangaphakathi ezibonwayo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo yawo kunye somatic.

inkqubo nemizwa

Ngaphambili Sathi sakuchaza malunga ekukwazini umzimba womntu ukusabela kwizinto ezingaphandle kunye notshintsho. Eyona ndima ephambili idlalwa inkqubo isivamvo ngo-nitrogen zabo.

Oku kuquka amalungu ezifana amehlo, iindlebe, ulusu, ulwimi, impumlo. Ngenxa imisebenzi apho banoxanduva omzimba, sinokufunda kakhulu ngakumbi ngehlabathi eliqaqambileyo.

Enyanisweni, oku kubangelwa intsebenziswano kwezakhiwo peripheral kunye central inkqubo yethu luvo. Umzekelo, umfutho kwangaphandle ichaphazela iliso, luvo emzimbeni Uyabubona utshintsho kwaye ithumela ukubetha kwentliziyo engqondweni. Apho, ulwazi luyasetyenzwa xa kuthelekiswa ne-danya zifumaneka kwezinye iindawo.

Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, sifumana umbono eyenzekayo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoko, isenzo yangaphandle yenziwa receptors ibekwe phezu komzimba kunye lwangaphakathi - luvo sensitive, leyo engena emzimbeni. izifundo komzimba Human kuphela isakhiwo kodwa intsebenziswano amalungu kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo.

Yimibono nemizwa zigqitywa izinto ezifana isandi, incasa, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, ilitha ukukhanya imifanekiso ebonwayo. Uncedo ukulungisa luvo ngokuthi "analyzers". Oku Iziseko yonke entsonkothileyo phezu komhlaba kunye ngaphakathi emzimbeni leyo isebenza njenge woluvo.

Kuyinto ngenxa uphando kule ndawo, wabonakala entsimini kwezesayensi yempilo, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukulungisa kwaye ulungise ukunyhashwa emzimbeni wethu. Ngapha koko, ngaphandle uthelekiso iminqweno yethu sifuna amaqumrhu nje ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle inqubo eqhelekileyo.

inkqubo yonyango

Kunye luvo, esisebenza ngayo njengoko nolawulo lwangaphakathi kunye ingqiqo yendalo engqongileyo. Ukongeza, inkqubo yonyango linoxanduva homeostasis, basabele, umsebenzi engqondweni, kwakunye nokukhula, uphuhliso, kunye nokuvuthwa ngokwesini ephilayo.

Ukuba ujonga isakhiwo umzimba womntu, ungabona yinxalenye kuphela yenkqubo. Izidumbu eziphambili zezi amadlala zilandelayo: lengqula, injeke, adrenals, amasende (amaqanda), posa, nobubovu pineal kunye thymus.

Njengoko novalo, ezidalwe yahlulwe kwiinkqubo ezimbini. Eyokuqala kuthiwa glandular iqulathe amadlala ngentla ukuvelisa iihomoni ala maqumrhu. Okwesibini - kwentamo - saa kuwo wonke umzimba. Kubonakala ngathi ezinye iiseli ezidalwe avelisa iihomoni aglandulyarnye.

uhlelo zokuzala

Kwicandelo lethu elilandelayo kuya kufuneka ukuba kuxoxwe ngokwahlukileyo inkunzi nemazi iinkqubo zokuzala. Enyanisweni, lo inkqubo okuzala inoxanduva umsebenzi omnye kuphela - ukuzala. Ngexesha ngokwesondo neentlobano lwaluzibona umbungu, nto leyo ke similise umntwana kunokwenzeka.

inkqubo Male enzala ibekwe kwindawo zangasese kwaye ibekwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle komzimba. Oku kuquka ilungu lobudoda kunye namasende. Le ndlala kunye izihlunu zomzimba. komzimba Human Ngokusisiseko umahluko kuphela iinkqubo unoxanduva amadlozi, yokumitha ukuzalwa wenzala. Eyona umsebenzi inkqubo eyindoda - imveliso sperm androgens.

inkqubo Female okuzala yahlukile babantu. It has zombili amalungu ngaphandle kunye nezo ziphuma ngaphakathi. Iqela lokuqala luquka kwiLibia ezinkulu nezincinane, isifuba kubo, kwakunye emnyango lobufazi kunye ikhozo. Le yokugqibela ziquka - amaqanda, tubes, wesibeleko kunye lobufazi.

Kodwa inkqubo nemazi enzala wahlulelene. Ukuba iduna kuphela isinqe, abafazi kufuneka ibele kunye isebe lakhe. glands Mammary zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekondleni usana.

Le nkqubo womchamo

Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku scheme jikelele ubume amalungu oluntu. Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo, uya kuqaphela ukuba inkoliso izibilini ibekwe kwi kwisisu. Ngoku siza kuthetha inkqubo wokuchama, nto leyo iqhele ngokupheleleyo kummandla zangasese.

Ngoko ke, kwakunye lokuzala inkqubo, wokuchama ezahlukahlukeneyo amadoda kunye nabasetyhini. Siza akuyi kuphinda isakhiwo amalungu amaninzi, thinta kuphela ezo ebandakanyeka kuphela kwi-sikhokelo ukusebenza kwale nkqubo.

Ukuqondwa olusisiseko olufunekayo ukugcina kukukhupha le khompawundi ningabaphambukeli ityhefu, iimveliso nokunyoluka nitrogen yokucolwa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo yokuchama. Le nkqubo ibandakanya iperi kwizintso, ureters, urethra kunye isinye.

Ngaphandle imisebenzi ngasentla, onenxalenye ezendeleyo nethe kweziyi kunye carbohydrate, imveliso ezahlukeneyo iikhompawundi eziphila esebenzayo, kwakunye nendlela imali ngamanzi netyuwa kunye, ngenxa yoko, ukugcinwa homeostasis.

inkqubo alimentary

Ukuba ujonga ngokusondeleyo isakhiwo enyama yangaphakathi, ngaphandle kwenkqubo, uya kuphawula ukuba Bathi ityhubhu enye. Ekuhambeni yendaleko aye wabumba kumasebe ahlukeneyo elijongene ekugayeni isigaba.

Ngoko ke, le nkqubo ibandakanya phecana zesisu kunye kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo ancedisayo. Luquka lweHo-, kuvuleke iminxunya, isisu, emathunjini ngomlomo amancinane kunye colon. imisebenzi Auxiliary eyenziwa sisibindi, injeke kunye amathe nobubovu, inyongo esinyini namanye amaziko.

Umsebenzi kwenkqubo yokwetyisa, njengoko igama lichaza, kukuba ukufumana izondlo kunye nokunikezelwa yokutya iiseli zomzimba. Le nkqubo iqulathe izigaba ezininzi: machining ukutya, unyango ngamachiza, edalwayo, cleavage kunye nokususwa kwenkunkuma.

isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

Xa inkqubo yokuphefumla, isakhiwo izibilini Kuthi efanayo yangaphambili omnye, yokwetyisa. Kukho tube ukuphefumla, leyo, ngathi kuvuleke iminxunya, lo isifo ngaphakathi wayifulela amadlala kunye imithambo yegazi. Ngenxa yeli lungiselelo, umoya engena evela ngaphandle, ofumana iqondo elilelona ukuba eziphilayo.

Ebusika, umoya obandayo sele yothani, kunye zasehlotyeni - zipholile ziinkqubo ezithile kule nkqubo. Ukongezelela, umoya kwakhona icocwe yi ezahlukeneyo ubumdaka ukuba ngexesha inhalation sele emoyeni.

Isixokelelwano sokuphefumla iqulathe amacandelo amabini - eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Eyokuqala ibandakanya kwisisu nasopharynx kwaye ngeempumlo, okwesibini - kwingqula, uqhoqhoqho kunye bronchi.

inkqubo alufane

Ubume bomzimba womntu ngemvelo Kucingelwa ukuba iinkcukacha. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo integumentary unoxanduva lokukhusela umzimba umahluko ubushushu, umonakalo, omiswe, umthondo ityhefu kunye kwamagciwane.

Le nkqubo iqulathe zezintsu (epithelium kunye dermis) nezakhi: iinwele, izikhonkwane, umbilo, namadlala sebaceous.

amajoni omzimba

Ukuba inkqubo yangaphambili ikhusela umzimba uphazamiseko yangaphandle, oku isikhusela uchuku kwezinye iintlobo. Nature kudale ubume umzimba ogqibeleleyo. amalungu yangaphakathi, ukwenza imisebenzi eyimfuneko ukuze ubomi, ikhuselwe ngemigca wokhuselo eziliqela.

Ngaphandle, sancokola ngaphambili, yaye ngaphakathi - kuba amajoni omzimba. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukukhusela umzimba ulele kunye nangezilonda. Le nkqubo ibandakanya thymus, izihlunu lymphoid, iindawo nkovu kunye udakada.

Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku siza ngokufutshane yachukumisa phezu isakhiwo umzimba, ngokunjalo isithuba iindawo arhente kwiinkqubo zomzimba womntu ezahlukeneyo.