Amajoni omzimba

Ukuvulwa kwiiseli zokuqala amajoni omzimba (1887) - phagocyte (macrophage) - loluka I. I. Mechnikovu. Phagocytosis (kukufakwa ezinye iiseli) wayesele esaziwa ukususela ngo1862. Kodwa Mechnikov ixesha lamiswa unxulumano phakathi kwale nkqubo kunye zikhusela, leyo amajoni omzimba. Ngokutsho abaphandi abaninzi, ukususela ngaloo mzuzu nesiqalo isebe elitsha amayeza - zizifo.

Amajoni omzimba komzimba womntu yingqokelela izakhiwo yokwakheka. umsebenzi walo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nxamnye kwii-arhente ezahlukeneyo ezosulelayo kwimveliso pathways zabo, izinto kunye namalaphu inkululeko iipropati amazwe antigenic.

Amajoni omzimba iyakwazi beqaphela isixa esikhulu iintsholongwane - ukusuka ezincane ziimpethu, ngaloo ndlela yokwahlula kwabo molekyuli zebhayoloji iiseli zakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwinkcazelo arhente esosulelayo kunzima gqitha ukukwazi layo ukuqhelana ngokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha elalana nosuleleko.

Awakwazi ukuba Iimolekyuli ezicaphukisayo ezithile. Akunjalo pathogen ongena umzimba ngaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, xa ezimbi samathambo njengoko ezisegazini iiseli zomzimba ngokwakhe.

Injongo ephambili kutshabalalisa isakhiwo olukhuselayo gciwane yingozi. Amajoni omzimba sinikezwe ezahlukeneyo iindlela nezixhobo ekufunyanisweni kunye nokupheliswa arhente zasemzini. Le nkqubo yonke yaziwa ngokuba "impendulo". Le omzimba ungafiimaneka okanye bekhubazekile.

asabela Acquired iyahluka kwenye Okukodwa eliphezulu abasabela ezingundoqo uhlobo lokuhlola arhente zangaphandle ezikhoyo. It ivumela ukuba lalwano okuphindwayo kwe-pathogen ukuchonga ukubusiphula ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Kwezinye iimeko, umntu na oyile ukhuseleko ubomi ngokuchasene kwii antigen ezithile, umzekelo, emva chicken pox, isifo somqala omhlophe, yimasisi.

Ngokwemeko-yokwakheka lwembono, amajoni omzimba Kuthi iyachithwa. Nangona ezinye chithwa ngolunya lomzimba, zonke iziseko zayo abe nolwalamano olusondeleyo ngu imithambo emithanjeni negazi. Arhente isakhiwo yokhuselo yohlulwe engundoqo neuropathy. Kukho kwakhona iiseli omzimba.

Ukuze amalungu lymphoid central isakhiwo olukhuselayo ziquka thymus (thymus), ukubunjwa lymphoid kwi ikholoni, isihlomelo, isibindi ezingekazalwa, umongo wethambo.

iiseli Immunocompetent babonwa leukocytes polynuclear, monocytes, lymphocyte, iiseli Langerhans (white isikhumba Process epidermotsitov), kunye nabanye.

Ukuze ukukhusela amalungu lymphoid peripheral ziquka udakada, iindawo nkovu.

Ubunzima bubonke zonke iiseli kunye namalungu ebandakanya amajoni omzimba womntu omdala malunga enye nekhilogram.

Iziseko neuropathy umahluko kwenzeka (isenzeko umahluko phakathi iiseli yohlobo olunye) nonyebeleziso iantigens. Xa amalungu esembindini kunye nezakhiwo phakathi iiseli immunocompetent oqolileyo. Le yokugqibela (inkoliso yabo) zisoloko ajikelezayo. Ngoko ke, inxalenye omzimba ebhedini nemithambo ukusuka eshenxela phi ikhadi isakhiwo zokuzikhusela umva. Onke amacandelo e-amacandelo ibakhusela ubume izinto ezihambelanayo. Iiseli ziyasebenzisana ngokusisigxina bengena ngqo udibaniso okanye ukukhulula cytokines kunye immunoglobulins (antibodies) kokusingqongileyo. Cytokines, leyo akhiwa monocytes kunye macrophage, eyaziwa ngokuba monokines, uMbumbi yi lymphocyte - lymphokines.

Ngaloo ndlela, ulwalamano zonke izakhiwo kwamajoni omzimba kwaye zabelwe iseli omzimba wayo iyinxalenye ngeendlela ezintsonkothileyo of self-ukhuselo.