Ukubunjwa, Isayensi
"Iinyoka kaFaro": esonwabisa chemistry. Indlela yokwenza i "iinyoka kaFaro" ekhaya?
Kuba kwiiklasi ezininzi chemistry kukho inkathazo ngokwenene. Kodwa ukuba uyayazi into kule nto, umele uchithe amava eyonwabisayo kwaye wonwabe okanye ungonwabi. Kunye nootitshala ayisoze inibulale umdla abafundi bakhe. Ukuze wenze oku, ngokugqibeleleyo ezilungele babizwa ngokuba iinyoka kaFaro.
Imvelaphi yegama
Ngokubonakalayo imvelaphi igama "iinyoka kaFaro," akukho bani uwaziyo, kodwa Times iziganeko yakhe yeBhayibhile. Ukuze ndiwakhumbule kuFaro, uMprofeti kaMoses, icebiso likaYehova wayiphosa intonga yakhe phezu emhlabeni, yaba yinyoka. Kanye ezandleni ukunyulwa ngentando yesininzi, isirhubuluzi waba abasebenzi kwakhona. Nangona ngokwenene phakathi njani ezi afunyenwe imifuniselo, kwakunye neziganeko kwibhayibhile nto ngazo.
Ukususela oko sinako, "iinyoka kaFaro"
Eyona zixhaphakileyo ezibonakalayo ukuze iinyoka yi mercury Iamoniyam. Nangona kunjalo, amalinge nazo kwenziwa kuphela kwiilebhu imichiza kakuhle ngokwaneleyo. Le into yityhefu kwaye neze ukumelana. A "inyoka kaFaro" kwelo khaya anokwenziwa ngaphandle tablets, leyo kuthengiswa kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile ngaphandle kagqirha, okanye isichumiso kwivenkile zekhompyutha. Kuba amalinge usebenzisa calcium gluconate, methenamine, soda, iswekile engumgubo, saltpetre kunye izinto ezininzi zingathengwa ekhemesti okanye ivenkile.
"Snakes" amacwecwe eziqulathe sulfonamides
Indlela elula ku tirhisa amava ekhaya "iinyoka kaFaro" ukusuka amayeza amachiza sulfa qela. Oku kuthetha ezifana "Streptocide", "Biseptol", "Sulfadimezin", "Sulfadimetoksin" kunye nabanye. La machiza kufuneka indlu phantse wonke umntu. "Iinyoka kaFaro" of sulfonamides bafumana isakhiwo shiny hina ziyafana izinti ingqolowa. Ukuba nithabathe iyileyo ngenyameko 'intloko' eligaqa okanye forceps ze inyoka, u azivale Kolunye tablet kwanele isirhubuluzi elide.
Ukuze baqhube imifuniselo zeekhemikhali "Inyoka UFaro" kufuneka sokukhuphela okanye amafutha owomileyo kunye neziyobisi zikhankanywe apha ngasentla. macwecwe Ziliqela wazibeka phezu utywala owomileyo, leyo ephakamayo. Ngexesha ukusabela kuquka ezifana izinto njengoko initrogen, sulphur dioxide, emanzini kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Ifomula abasabela ngayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
C 11 H 12 N 4 O 2 S + 7O 2 = 28C + 2H 2 S ↑ + 2Ngoko 2 ↑ + 8N 2 ↑ + 18H 2 O
Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngobuchule kakhulu, kuba sulphur dioxide yityhefu kakhulu, ngokunjalo emanzini. Ngoko ke, ukuba akukho ndlela eya pholisa igumbi ngexesha experiment, okanye ziquka ukwesona, kungcono ukuba uyenze le esitratweni okanye kwiilebhu ekhethekileyo ngokwaneleyo.
"Snakes" ngecalcium gluconate
Kungcono ukuba baqhube imifuniselo ezo izinto ezikhuselekileyo, nokuba bathe zisetyenziswa ngaphandle elebhu ngokukodwa izixhobo. "Inyoka UFaro" ngecalcium gluconate ifunyenwe nje.
Ukuze wenze oku, ukuthatha iipilisi 2-3 beziyobisi kunye amagaqa amafutha owomileyo. Phantsi yempembelelo indlela ilangatye kuqala, kwaye ukusuka cwecwe ezinambuzelayo izimvi "inyoka". imifuniselo ezinjalo nge calcium gluconate zikhuselekile kakhulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba unonophele ukuya kwihambo yabo. Zemichiza reaction ifomyula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
C 12 H 22 14 cao + O2 = 10c + 2Co 2 ↑ + cao + 11H 2 O
Njengoko ubona, basabela kwenzeka kunye ngendaleko kwamanzi, icarbon dioxide, icarbon kunye calcium oxide. Yenza kwemvelo irhasi kunye nokukhula. "Iinyoka kaFaro" afunyanwa ngokweesentimitha ukuya ku-15, kodwa ke yinto yomzuzwana. Xa uzama ukuba ubasuse esandleni, besahlukana.
"Snake UFaro" - indlela yokwenza isichumiso?
Ukuba unayo isitiya semifuno ngesakhiwo okanye Cottage, qiniseka kukho nezichumiso ezahlukeneyo. Eyona eziqhelekileyo, leyo ingafunyanwa kwi indawo yokugcina kunye naluphi zasehlotyeni ngumhlali umfama - Nitrate okanye I Ammonium Nitrate. Ukuba namava afunekayo kuhluzwa isanti komlambo, isiqingatha itispuni Ammonium Nitrate, isiqingatha itispuni leswekile engumgubo, ngecephe-ethanol.
Kuyimfuneko endulini zesanti ukwenza lekhefu. Ubukhulu ubukhulu, i ziyatyeba iya kuba "inyoka". Well wagcoba umxube Ammonium Nitrate kunye neswekile agalelwa Le ngontsi kwaye uzaliswe ethyl utywala. utywala ephakamayo ke, ngokuthe ngcembe bakha "inyoka".
Indlela abasabela ngayo kule meko yenzeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
2NH 4 NO 3 + C 12 H 22 O 11 = 11C + 2N 2 + CO 2 + 15H 2 O.
Kuphuma izinto eziyityhefu kwi ukucikideka unyanzelisa indlela yokhuseleko.
"Inyoka UFaro" lokutya
"Iinyoka kaFaro" afumaneka kuphela ukusuka kumayeza okanye nezichumiso. Kuba experiment, ungasebenzisa iimveliso ezifana neswekile soda. Ezo amacandelo zikhona nakweyiphi ekhitshini. Ukusuka isanti umlambo kweleentaba amiliswe kunye elitywinwe kwaye buzane utywala. Iswekile kunye nesoda yokubhaka zaye ezidityanisiweyo umlinganiselo we-4: 1, wathulula kungena lekhefu. Utywala ephakamayo.
Lo mxube uqala ukungcolisa kwaye ukudumba kancinci. Xa utywala cishe liyayeka ukuba utshiswe, intlabathi yonke enyakazelayo zimbalwa crinkly "ezirhubuluzayo". Le abasabela ngayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
2NaHCO 3 = Na 2 CO 3 + H 2 Owu + CO 2,
C 2 H 5 OH + 3O 2 = 2Co 2 + 3h 2 O
Lo mxube ke ibolile ibe sodium carbonate, icarbon dioxide kunye nomphunga wamanzi. It gesi banyanzelwa ukuba ukudumba nokukhula yesoda uthuthu, nto leyo lingapheli ngexesha basabela.
Enye "isirhubuluzi" evela iipilisi
Kukho enye indlela elula ukufumana 'inyoka kaFaro "i iziyobisi. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka ukuba uthenge ichiza yamayeza "Urotropin". Endaweni tablets Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa amafutha owomileyo, equka into. Zisafuna isisombululo ammonium nitrate. Ichiza "Urotropin" kuyimfuneko ityalwa kubo. Noko ke, umntu ngoko nangoko ingenakusetyenziswa kulophulo umbandela yokuqala isisombululo lonke, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ongeze amathontsi ezimbalwa kwaye zonekwe. Ngoko wokwaphusa kufuneka athathe indawo kubushushu igumbi.
Emva koko ke yepeni ephakamayo. Isiphumo saloo nto kangako i "inyoka" ngokuthi "inamba". Kodwa, ukuba ukhangela, ukuba amava enye, "iinyoka kaFaro." Kodwa ngenxa iimpawu macandelo usabela ngamandla ngakumbi leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe Isazobe isambuku.
"Inyoka" lesigidi Iamoniyam
Kuba okokuqala amava imichiza, "Inyoka uFaro" ubuyile umfundi zonyango ngo-1820. Fridrih Veler isisombululo olungumxube mercurous Nitrate kunye Iamoniyam naswona a a crystalline kwenze emhlophe. Oku kubangela mercury Iamoniyam pellet womile kwaye etshisa umfundi nje ukwazi. Ukususela ekuqaleni ukukhasa ngemathiriyeli elivuthayo ezimnyama kunye yellow snake mass.
"Iinyoka kaFaro" lesigidi Iamoniyam ifunyenwe nje. Le into kuyimfuneko ukucwangcisa ngomlilo kumphezulu ubushushu ezingatshiyo. Ilandelwa yi yokusabela:
2Hg (NCS) 2 = 2HgS + C 3 N 4 + CS 2
CS 2 + 3O 2 = CO 2 + 2Ngoko 2
Ngenxa yempembelelo yokubola thermal lesigidi Iamoniyam mercury emanzini (unika "isirhubuluzi" abamnyama), icarbon ephuculweyo (elijongene iinyoka kombala etyheli) kunye carbon disulfide (carbon disulfide). Amadangatye Last kunye nobanda gas - igesi oxide carbon nesulfure, apho kwandiswa carbon ephuculweyo. Yena, ke, sitsala sulphide mercury, yaye kubangela abamnyama-yellow "iinyoka kaFaro."
Oku yayingathethi kuthetha kunzima ukuphumeza ekhaya! Ngaphandle yokuba imimoya enetyhefu, nesigidi uyakhululwa. Mercury into enetyhefu ngokwayo yaye zingabangela imichiza ityhefu kakhulu.
Security ukuhlola
Nangona uninzi izinto apho koloko, "iinyoka kaFaro", zithathwa ekhuselekileyo, ukuhlola kufuneka wenziwe ngocoselelo olukhulu. Njengoko kubonakala iifomyula ngasentla, yokubola amacandelo eziyityhefu ume ngaphandle ngokwaneleyo, nto leyo enokukhokelela eziyityhefu kakhulu. Onke amalinge enokwenziwa ekhaya kuphela kwindawo engena umoya okanye phambi gesi eliphezulu. Ukuhlola mercury Iamoniyam kunokwenziwa kuphela kwiilebhu ngokukodwa axhotyiswe, ngokuhambisana nemigaqo yokhuseleko.
Xa ndiqukumbela, ukuba uthi, ukuchitha kumava imichiza yengqesho, "iinyoka kaFaro," utitshala ukuba nomdla abafundi njengesifundo yayo. Isifundo kungenzeka ukuba babe nomdla, kwanabo ningaqondi yaye abafuni nokumbona chemistry. Kwaye abo bakhetha ukwenza endaweni izibalo ekruqulayo yeengcingane, kuya kufuneka inkuthazo olongezelelweyo isifundo yenzululwazi.
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