Acrylic acid. Iimpawu zeChimpi. Isicelo

I-acrylic acid iyomnye wabameli abancinci be-carbon engasetshenzisiweyo ye-monobasic acids. I-formula yayo ilandelayo: CH2 = CH-COOH. Ingumbane ongenambala onobukhali obubukhali obubi. I-soluble emanzini, i-chloroform, i-diethyl yotywala kunye ne-ethanol, ilulaza ngokukhawuleza kunye nokwenziwa kwe-polyacrylic acid. I-Acrylic acid inezinye amagama: i-ethenic acid kunye ne-acenic acid.

Yenziwe njani i-acrylic acidikhi (okanye ihlanganiswe)?

1. Okwangoku, i-acidikhi ye-acrikhi ikhiqizwa nge-vapor-phase oxidation yepropylene ne-oxygen (O 2) kwi-molybdenum, i-cobalt okanye i-bismuth catalysts. Umzekelo ukuphendula okulandelayo:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (i-oksijini) = CH2 = CH-COOH (i-acidi e-acrylic)

2. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, impendulo yasetyenziswa apho i-carbon monoxide II (CO), i-acetylene (CH≡CH) kunye namanzi (H2O) yasabela. Ukuphendula kwamachiza kuya kuba ngale ndlela:

I-CHNCH (i-acetylene) + CO (i-carbon monoxide II) + H2O (amanzi) → CH2 = CH-COOH (i-acid acid).

Esinye isenzo se-formaldehyde ne ketene sasetyenziswa:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (i-propenic acid).

3. Ngoku inkampani uRohm kunye neHaas idala iteknoloji ekhethekileyo yokwenziwa kwe-ethenic acid kwipropane.

Iimpawu zeChimicals ze-acidi yama-acidikhi

I-asidi esiyicingayo ingenza i-salts, i- esters, i- anhydrides, i-amides, i-chloride ye-asidi kunye nezinye izixhobo. Iyakwazi ukungena iimpendulo zongezwayo ezizibonakaliso zeetrobhoni ze-ethylene. Ukongezwa kwamanzi, i-protonic acids kunye ne-NH3 ayifumaneki ngokwemigaqo kaMarkovnikov. Kule meko, i-derivatives derivatives yenziwe. I-Acrylic acid ifakwe kwi-diene. Iyakhupha iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-aryldiazonium. Nge-ultraviolet irradiation, yenze i-polyacrylic acid.

Ukusetyenziswa kwekrikhi yama-acrylic

- isetyenziswe njengempahla eluhlaza kwimveliso yezinto ezininzi zepromerme ezinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zamakhemikhali kunye nomzimba (umzekelo, iiplastiki kunye neengubo);

- esetyenziswe ekwakhiweni kwe-dispersions yee-acrylic-based workwork materials; Nangona ububanzi bezo peyinti buya kuxhomekeka kwiipropati ze-copolymer - ukusuka kumbala wokugqibela wezithuthi ukuya kwipayili yezifake;

- Acrylic acid kunye ne-derivatives zayo zisetyenziselwa ukudala ukungeniswa kwesikhumba kunye neendwangu, i-emulsions yezinto zokupenda, njengempahla eluhlaza ye-acrylate rubbers kunye ne-polyacrylonitrile fibers, izibambiso zokwakha kunye nezixube; Ama-acers of methacrylic kunye ne-acrylic acids (amaninzi ama-methyl methacrylate kunye nee-methyl acrylate esters asetyenziswa) asetyenziswa ekuveliseni iipolymers;

- rhoqo i-acidi yama-acrylic isetyenziswe ekudalweni kwama-superabsorbents.

Ukugcinwa kakuhle kwe-acid acid

Xa ugcina le nto, i-inhibitor-hydroquinone yongezwa ukuba ikhuphe ukutyunjwa. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, i-asidi kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokuqapha, kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphuhliswe i-polymerization.

Khu seleko

Xa usebenza nge-acid acid, kufuneka uqaphele ukuba le nkunkuma inefuthe elivakalayo kwesikhumba kunye neembrane ezinamaqabunga. Umda wesenzo esicasulayo se-asidi ngu-0.04 mg / litre. Xa uboniswe kwi-membrane ye-eyeballs, njengomthetho, kubangela ukutshisa okukhulu kwi-cornea, kunokukhokelela ekubeni utshintsho olungenakuguquka (umonakalo ongenakuphiliswa). Ukuvuthwa kwemiphunga ye-acrylic acid kungabangela intloko, ukucaphuka kwendlela yokuphefumula, kunye nokunyuka kwamanani - ukuphuhliswa kwe-edema ye-pulmonary. Emagumbini apho umsebenzi wenziwa nge-acid acid, ukulawula umoya rhoqo kuyimfuneko. Ukuxinwa okuphezulu okuvumelekileyo kule asidi ngu-5 mg / m 3. Amanyathelo okukhusela kufuneka alandelwe xa esebenza nezinye iziphumo. Njengomzekelo, unokuzisa i-nitrile acrylic acid.