Abantu emgodini. Indlela yabo yobomi kunye nophuhliso

Imbali yoluntu inokuhlulwa ngokweemeko zibe zihlandlo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo-inkqubo yokuqala kunye noluntu lweklasi. Ixesha lokuqala lixesha apho i-caveman ibusa khona. Kwahlala amakhulu eminyaka eminyaka, ngokungafani nesibini, eyinkulungwane eminyaka ubudala.

Abantu bokuqala emhlabeni

Kwakungumntu wamathoba, ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, ekugqibeleni waba ngumntu wamanje. Ngelo xesha, inkcubeko yavela. Ngelo xesha, uluntu lwalincinci. Intlangano yabo yileyona nto ihamba phambili. Kanye nobomi. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha indlela yokuphila yomntu welo xesha ibizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo. Ekuqaleni, abaqhumbuzi babamba ukuqokelela nokuzingela, baziqhelanisa izixhobo zamatye. Kuloo ndawo uluntu lulinganayo lwamalungelo kunye nemisebenzi eqhubekileyo, kwaye akukho lukhetho lweklasi. Ulwalamano lwakhelwe ngokwamaqabane entsapho.

Ngokwenzululwazi, i-caveman yabonakala malunga nezigidi ezi-2 ezidlulileyo kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngenxa ye-Australopithecus. Uhlobo oluphambili lusekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa kwamatye kunye nokudala izixhobo zokuqala. Ngaloo ndlela izixhobo zokugaya amagatsha, ukusika izidumbu emva kokuzingela, ukugawula amathambo, kunye neengcambu zomhlaba. Ngokweziko lwabantu abanjalo, kuyinto yesiko ukubhekisela kuMntu onobuchule. Amakhono abo ayepheleliswa ngokunyakaza kwiinyawo zabo kunye nokukwazi ukubamba ilitye nentonga, izenzo ezincinci zokwenza izibhamu ezilula zokuzingela. Amaqela amancinci.

Pithecanthropus

Phantse kwiminyaka yezigidi ngaphambi kwexesha lethu , uPithecanthropus wabonakala, indoda yindoda. Ubungakanani beengqondo zakhe bukhulu kunokuba yi- homo habilis. Ngako oko, wakwazi ukuvelisa izixhobo ezingaphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-scrapers, i-chippers yesimo sejometri ngokuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yezixhobo zabasebenzi yayisigxina: ukumba, ukucwangcisa, ukuzingela nokumisa iziphumo zokuzingela. Ukuqala kwe-Ice Age kwathonya ubomi kunye nokuzilungelelanisa kwientlekele zemvelo zabantu. Umntu uye watshintsha ubomi kwiindawo ezininzi zeenkcubeko kunye nemimandla, kwaye iimpawu zePithecanthropus zifumaneka kwimimandla yaseYurophu, eNyakatho yeChina nase-Afrika. Le miqondiso ithi i-geography yendawo yokuhlala yanda kakhulu. Ukufuduka kwabantu basekuqaleni kwaqukunjelwa ukubonakala kwemimandla yomhlaba ngenxa yokunciphisa izinga le-Ocean World.

Ngaphambi kokuba aphile amahashe

I-Pithecanthropus yayidla ngokuhlala indawo yokuhlala kufuphi nemithombo yamanzi. Umntu wamathoba sele sele eqonda ukuba imithombo yamanzi yindawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana kwaye, ngoko ke, umthombo wokutya. Inani elininzi lobungozi liphoqelelwa abantu ukuba baqokelele kumaqela amakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa, kunye nokuququzelela ukuzingela.

Ubomi bomqolomba. Neanderthal

I-Neanderthal yabonakala iminyaka engama-250 eyiminyaka edlulileyo. Umntu onengqiqo waphuma ePithecanthropus ngenxa yempembelelo yendalo kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono zomsebenzi. Igama lale nqanaba lokuphuhliswa komntu lalihloniphekileyo kwintlambo apho kuhlala khona ihlala yakhe. Ngaphandle, wayesele efana nomntu wanamhlanje. Inkunzi ephantsi, isakhiwo esibi, isilwanyana esixutywayo-ezi zizinto ezibalaseleyo ezibonisa ukuba le ndoda yayimile. Iifoto, zilandelelwe kwiindawo eziseleyo, zikunike amandla kunye namandla amakhulu ezi zidalwa.

I-Neanderthals ininzi ihlala kwindawo ezinjengezantsi kweYurophu, iAsia kunye ne-Afrika. Indawo yokuhlala eyona ndawo yayiyimingxuma. Ngokuqhelekileyo umqolomba kwakufuneka uphonswe ngamabhere afika apho ukuze ahlale e-hibernation. Kwakhona kuthiwa amandla okuba ngamacangca ayenakho ukubulala ezi zilwanyana ezinkulu, ubude bezinye amaxesha afikelela kwiimitha ezintathu. Amathambo amakhulu amathambo ka-bears atholakala kwimingcwaba yamazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, afana neJamani, i-Austria, iSwitzerland nabanye.

Uphuhliso lwengqondo lomqolomba

Ekubeni ubuchule beengqondo ze-Neanderthals bephezulu kunezo zePithecanthropus, izixhobo zabasebenzi nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu. Umgangatho wentsebenzo uphucule kakhulu. Kwakhona ifomu yaba yinto echanekileyo kunye neyohlukeneyo. Inkqubo yokucubungula izinto zamatye zikhawuleza. Impumelelo ephezulu ye-Neanderthals yayikwazi ukufumana umlilo.

Inyaniso yokuba izixhobo zabasebenzi ezitholakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi zihluke omnye komnye zibhekisela kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo lomkhuhlane wengqondo yabantu. Okokuthi, ukuphuhliswa kwabo kwenzeka ngokuzimeleyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Njengoko izazinzulu zibonisa ukuba, ngexesha elifanayo kukho ukuhlukana kohlanga lwabantu. Kwakhona, idatha yoluntu lwabantu basendulo iguquka, ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwingingqi yabo yokuhlala.

Umgangatho wamasiko omhlaba wenyuka nawo. Ngamaqela, ubudlelwane buba namandla kakhulu. Kukho ukuqonda utshintsho lwesizukulwana. Kwaye, ngenxa yoko, i-Neanderthals iqalisa ukungcwaba abafileyo ngoncedo lwezikolo zakudala. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukungcwaba kwakwenziwa emaphandleni. Isimo sengqondo esahlukileyo phakathi kwabantu belo xesha kwakuya kwintlaka. Ukungcwatywa kwabo kwenziwa kwiimikhomo ezikhethekileyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yeenkolelo okanye kwimikhwa yansuku zonke.

Ngokungafani nePithecanthropus, indoda ekhaliphile ayizange ilahleke abagulayo kunye nabasweleyo. Mhlawumbi, abantu belo xesha bebethile ukutya okungaphezulu kunokuba bekuyimfuneko yokusinda. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba lula ukuxhasa abaxhomekeke kuyo.

Mizila

Kufunyenwe i-artifacts yexesha lithetha ukuba i-Neanderthals yenze imicimbi ethile. Ngaloo ndlela, kwimiba emininzi, iimbombo zeebhere zafunyanwa, zilungiswe ngendlela ethile. Olu fakelo lufana kakhulu nesibingelelo seenkonzo zonqulo.