UHomo habilis (homo habilis) ngumntu onobuchule: uphawu, izixhobo

Iingcali zenzululwazi, umntu onobuchule (Homo habilis) ungomnye wabameli abangabonakaliyo beentlobo zabantu. Oku kubangelwa kukuba, nangona i-paleontological findings, abazange bakwazi ukucacisa indawo yayo kwimithi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kodwa nangona kunjalo namhlanje ulwalamano oluchanekileyo nalo mntu luhlala lungabikho.

Ukufumana okumangalisayo kwabafazi bakaLika

ULouis noMary Leakey babengabanthropologists. Abahlobo babo bavame ukukhwaza malunga nabani abathanda kakhulu - isayensi okanye omnye nomnye. Enyanisweni, intsapho yabasosayensi bachithe lonke ixesha labo ekufundweni kwezinto eziseleyo kunye nezinto ezifundwayo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenziwa kuzo zonke iindawo zomhlaba.

Kwaye ngoNovemba 1960, bakhubeka kwizinto eziza kuba yinto enye eyona nto inokuphikisana nayo yekhulu lama-20. Ngenxa yokucubungula kwi-Olduvai gorge (eTanzania), abafazi baqumba isigxobhozo esilondolozwe kakuhle seger. Kuyabonakala ngathi kunokuba lunomdla kwizinto ezinjalo? Kodwa akukho, ecaleni kwayo yabe yintoni eyenza intliziyo yabo ibetha ikhulu ngokukhawuleza.

Amanyathelo athile avela kwi-tiger, abone i-remains of science engaziwayo ye-hominid. Phakathi kwabo kwakuyiqhekeza lekhayi, i-clavicle kunye nenxalenye yomlenze. Emva kokuhlalutya ngokucacileyo kwamathambo, abafazi bakaLeakey bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba babenomntwana oneminyaka eyi-10-12 ubudala owafa ngaphezu kweyimihla yezigidi ezidlulileyo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.

Homo habilis: iimpawu zeentlobo

Ukufunyanwa kukaLouis noMariya kwakungowokuqala, kodwa kungengokugqibela. Kungekudala abanye abadala bezinto zakudala baqala ukumba ama-remains aseHomo habilis. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba phantse onke amathambo e-hominid afunyenwe kwintsimi yaseMzantsi naseMpuma Afrika. Kule nkalo, izazinzulu ziye zafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba le ntlobo ibonakala ngokuchanekileyo kula mazwe kwaye yafudukela kwamanye amazwe kuphela ekuhlaleni kwayo.

Ukunikezelwa kwexesha elifunyenweyo, kuyacaca ukuba u-Homo habilis wokuqala wabonakala malunga ne-2.5 yezigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwangekho ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-600,000. Kodwa akubalulekile oko. Yintoni efuna ukwazi ukuba le ntlobo sele isazi indlela yokuma ngokuqinile kwimilenze emibini, njengoko kuboniswe yizinzwane ezidibeneyo.

Kulo lonke i-homo habilis yayifana ne-primate kunomntu. Ngokomyinge, ukukhula kwawo akudluli kwi-130 cm, kwaye ubunzima bufanele bube phakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-30-50. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yomzimba, iingalo ezinde zazivelele, ezithe zadlulayo zakutshanje zazinceda izibonda eziphezulu ukunyuka imithi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ezi zityalo ziphuhlisiwe, izitho zawo ezingaphezulu ziyancipha, kwaye ezantsi, ngokuchaseneyo, zaba ziimisipha.

Iinkcukacha ezihambelanayo

Kule phantse yekhulu kukho kukho ingxoxo exhafisayo malunga nendima kaHomo habilis kwimbonakalo yendalo yonke. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuba kubonakala ekuhla kolweni kwe-Australopithecus. Ngokuqwalasela ukufana kwazo ezininzi, izazinzulu zafika kwisigqibo sokuba umntu onobuchule waba yinyathelo elilandelayo lezilwanyana eziphelayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abo bakholelwa ukuba ezi zimbini ezihlukeneyo ze-hominids zinekhokho oqhelekileyo kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Akukho mpikiswano engapheliyo yimiba yelifa leHomo habilis. Ngokomxholo owamkelekileyo, umlandeli wakhe wayenguHomo erectus, owokuqala onyana oza kuluntu. Ubungqina bolu mbono lufana nokuhlala kwezinto ezifunyenweyo, kunye nexesha elikhoyo apho kukho iintlobo zombini.

Yintoni eyatshintsha ihlabathi

Naphezu kwazo zonke iingxabano, enye inyaniso iye yahlala ingatshintshi. Ngomhla xa kubonakala i-homo habilis yokuqala, ihlabathi liguqukile ngonaphakade. Isizathu salokhu - isakhono esitsha esidlulisa la ma-hominids ngaphezu kwezinye izidalwa, oko kukuthi ukukwazi ukucinga ngokuchanekileyo.

Utshintsho olunjalo luyenzeka ngenxa yokuba ingqondo yomntu onamandla uye wanda kakhulu ngobukhulu xa kuthelekiswa nookhokho bakhe. Ngokomyinge, bekuyi-500-700 cm³, eyayimangalisa ngemigangatho. Ukongezelela, isakhiwo sawo sashintsha: inxalenye ye-occipital ejongene nemvelo yancipha, kwaye i-frontal, i-temporal kunye ne-parietal, ngokuchaseneyo, yongezwa ngobukhulu.

Kodwa ukufumanisa okungakumbi kunomdla kukuba ingqondo u-Homo habilis, iyavela, yayineendawo eziphambili zeBark. Kwaye, njengoko kwaziwa ngesayensi, yile nxalenye ejongene nokusetyenziswa kwentetho. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, kwakuyizi-hominids eza kuqala ukusebenzisa ukudibanisa kwezandi eza ziba ngolwimi olupheleleyo.

Impilo yokuphila

Ngokungafani nookhokho babo, u-Homo habilis wayengavumi ukunyuka emthini. Ngoku "indlu" yangaphambili yayisebenza nje njengendawo yokutya okanye indawo yokuphumla kwesikhashana. Isizathu salo kwakuyi-deformation yeengalo zeenyawo, eziye zatshintshela ukuguqulwa kwexesha elide emhlabathini, kodwa ngenxa yolu phu Kodwa njengendawo ekhuselekileyo, umntu onobuchule wayesebenzisa amaninzi amaninzi kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukukhusela kwimimoya embi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.

Nangona kunjalo, kwenye indawo isizwe sakwa-hominid sasingaboswanga ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ukuba kwakukho iintsapho ezininzi. Kwaye konke ngenxa yokuba ookhokho bebengayazi indlela yokutya ukutya, kwaye iimithombo zendalo ziphelile ngokukhawuleza. Ngako oko, baholele indlela yokuphila ehamba phambili, besuka kwenye indawo baye kwenye.

Isakhiwo seNtlalo

Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba isizwe saseHomo Habilis sinobukhosi kunye nokunikezelwa kweembopheleleko. Ngokukodwa, amadoda ayebandakanyeka ekuzingeleni nasekulobeni, kwaye abafazi baqokelela amajikijolo nama-mushroom. Ngelo xesha, isizwe sabiwe zonke iimveliso ezifunyenwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kwazo, ngaloo ndlela zinyamekela abantwana kunye nabakhubazekile.

Kwakhona izazinzulu zithatha into yokuba intloko yabo bonke abantu yayiyinkokheli enye. Le nkcazo isekelwe ngakumbi kwiingcamango kunezinto ezibalulekileyo. Kodwa uninzi lweengcali zihambisana nalo, kuba imodeli yokuziphatha ifana nayo yonke i-primates.

Izixhobo zabasebenzi uHomo habilis

Le ntlobo ayikho into ebizwa ngokuba yindoda enekhono. Enyanisweni, wayengummeli wokuqala wohlanga lwabantu ukuze afunde indlela yokusebenzisa kunye nokwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwemvelo, impawu kunye nokuhluka kwazo kunqongophe kakhulu, kodwa ngokoqobo ubukho bemveliso sele sele buphumelele kakhulu.

Zonke izixhobo zenziwe ngamatye okanye amathambo, zijoliswe kwezinye izinto. Ngokuqhelekileyo ama-archeologists afikelele kwi-scrapers kunye nemimese, eyayisetyenziswe ngokucacileyo ukusika inyama. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kubangele ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-500 eyiminyaka yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-Homo habilis ibhrashi yaguqulwa ngokupheleleyo ibe yintendeni ekwazi ukubamba izinto ngokuqinileyo.