Heterozygous and eziphilayo homozygous

Enye iimpawu ibaluleke gqitha kuyo nayiphi ephilayo uhleliyo lufuzo, iinkqubo ezisekelwe yendaleko wonke umhlaba, ngokunjalo ulondolozo lweyantlukwano eziphila kuyo. Iyunithi incinane kwimfuza izenzo sofuzo - isakhi kwemolekyuli DNA, uxanduva ukuze idlulise ulwazi yemfuza ezinxulumene ne inkalo ethile komzimba. Kuxhomekeka iqondo lubalaseleyo kwaye eyabelwe zofuzo sofuzo. Eyona uphawu kwiiyunithi evelele ubuchule 'ukucinezela "sofuzo, ngokubonelela nempembelelo tsotsololo ephilayo, angavumeli ukuba abonakale sizukulwana sokuqala. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba kunye ukukhonya ngokupheleleyo ayiphelelanga bayiqaphela, apho i-gene lubalaseleyo abakwazi ukucinezela ngokupheleleyo kubonisa superdominance sofuzo nokubonelela ukuze zixhonywe nelayo iimpawu kwifomu womelele ngakumbi ngayo eziphilayo homozygous. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo allelic (oko kukuthi, unoxanduva lokuphuhlisa umqondiso ofanayo) izakhi ke wamkela iintlobo umzali, yimani heterozygous kunye eziphilayo homozygous.

Ukuchazwa ephilayo homozygous

eziphilayo Homozygous - kukho izinto zasendle, kunye amabini elifanayo (lubalaseleyo okanye sofuzo) sofuzo qho ethile. A isici esasenza kwisizukulwana esilandelayo ngabantu homozygous xana wa ha pfumala yokwahlulwa loonobumba kunye usenza intw zabo. Isizathu kukuba ubukhulu becala ukuba kweejini homozygous le ephilayo iqulethe enye kuphela uhlobo gametes, otyunjwe yi ngonobumba omkhulu kwimeko yokuba phawu lubalaseleyo, aze emveni xa ebhekisela sofuzo. eziphilayo Heterozygous bahluka ukuba ziqulathe alleles ezahlukeneyo, yaye, ngokunjalo, ukwakha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezimbini gametes. eziphilayo Homozygous kwi alleles ezinkulu sofuzo zinakho zibonakaliswe njenge aa, bb, aabb, njl Ngako oko, eziphilayo homozygous alleles elibalaseleyo, abe AA ikhowudi, BB, AABB.

indlela belifa

Crossing eziphilayo genotypes ezimbini heterozygous leyo enokuthi ngokuqhelekileyo kummisela Aa (apho A - elibalaseleyo, yaye - a sofuzo), inika ithuba zokufumana amathuba alinganayo imidibaniso ezine ezahlukeneyo gametes (lobeko kweejini) ngu ukwetyisa 3: 1 phenotype. Phantsi kweejini kulo mzekelo kuthetha uthotho izakhi eziqulathe isethi diploid yeseli ethile; a phenotype - inkqubo iimpawu zangaphandle angaphakathi eziphilayo kuthethwa.

cross Dihybrid kunye neempawu zayo

Khawucinge imithetho enxulumene kunye nenkqubo ukusukelwa, kuquka izinto eziphilayo homozygous. Kwimeko enye, ukuba kukho gqith-ezimbini okanye poligibridnoe yokunqumla, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo imikhwa heritable, cleavage kwenzeka xa om-3: 1, yaye lo mthetho lisebenza naliphi na inani. Hybridization kwabo bantu-isizukulwana sesibini kulo mzekelo Ulobumba ntlobo ezine eziphambili phenotypes kwi ratio 9: 3: 3: 1. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le mthetho luyasebenza ukuba ngababini homologous zofuzo impefumlelwano zofuzo ezo singàphunyezwa ngaphakathi.