Yonke imida ephikisana of Russia

Ngowe-2014 eCrimea "wabuyela zibuko ekhaya." Ngaba wabagwebelayo, ukususela kwinqanaba ngokomthetho ngamazwe, asiyi bexambulisana. Kodwa inyani kukuba, Ukraine ingqalelo le nokudliwa, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba kwixa elizayo, uvuma kummandla Russia. Oku kuthetha enye into: ummandla umda bebangisana of eRashiya ixesha elide ziya kuba isikhubekiso kwipolitiki ngamazwe. Noko ke, Ukraine - asinto amandla kuphela ukuba unalo ibango kuthi. Phikisa Kummandla eRashiya iminyaka emininzi, kudala ubunzima kwipolitiki ngamazwe. Yeyiphi eyona nto karhulumente kwaye ufuna ukuba nomntana off isiqwenga somhlaba kuthi? Siza kuzama ukuqonda.

e War

Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa de jure, ilizwe lethu ngokusesikweni imfazwe kunye kwilizwe elingummelwane. Hayi, hayi evela Ukraine, ezininzi kunokuba ucinga. Nangona iingxelo elikhulu "umsebenzi Russian", akukho isaziso yolawulo Poroshenko ayilandelwanga. ubuciko senkohlakalo izandi kuphela labavoti zasekhaya.

Thina namhlanje zikwimeko bokulwa eJapan, ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:

• Russia ngokusemthethweni lo ezihlangwini USSR. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izixhobo ngamazwe zomthetho republic enye eSoviet ngoku ezinxulumene ngqo kuthi. Abanye bathi ukuba ubulungisa. Bathi ukuba republic abaninzi, kwaye uyakufezekisa enye Russian. Kodwa kwafuneka ukuba ukubuza amasekela zethu ekupheleni koo yokuqala, leyo wavuka bonke oovimba igolide i-Union kunye kwisihlalo esisigxina kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko vitho igunya phezu nasiphi na isigqibo UN.
• It is we bangabanini ilizwe, siye ilifa emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union, ezithi ummelwane mpuma.

Ukuba Japan ufuna ukwenza ntoni?

indawo phikisa of Russia kunye Japan phakathi Kuril Islands kunye Sakhalin. Kuril Islands ziquka iziqithi ezine eziyinxalenye kwilizwe lethu: Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan kunye Nqabakazi Hamobai. Ngowe-1956, i-yiSoviet Union wayekulungele ukudlulisela kwiziqithi ezimbini (Shikotan kunye Hamobai). Okwangoku, sifuna ukuhamba Iturup kunye Kunashir, apho izibonelelo elinamandla sele imiselwe, kwaye iziqithi ngokwabo zijongwa kokujoliswe. Kwilizwe LaseJapan wayekulungele ukwenza umnyinyiva, kodwa United States wangenelela. Bafune ukuba Japan akuthethi angene kwisivumelwano kunye baphikelela nokubuyiselwa zonke iziqithi. Nangona kunjalo, i-USSR akazange akwenze oko. Ngenxa yoko, akukho namnye wamnika nto nakubani. indawo phikisa of Russia kunye Japan, bakunye nathi. Siye lokumba imbali. Xa ingxaki uvela?

imbali Sinodsky kwi ubuhlobo kunye norhwebo

indawo zengxabano of Russia (Kuril Islands) akusoloko banawo kuthi. Ngowe-1855, uNicholas I asayina isivumelwano eJapan kurhwebo, apho uBukhosi Russian akanakho ukufuna Ngokwembali kwiziqithi ezine iphikiswayo. abagxeki Modern bakholelwa ukuba eli nyathelo kuyimfuneko. ERussia inxaxheba iCrimea kweMfazwe, apho walwa kanye nxamnye onke amazwe aphuhlileyo of Europe. Oko kukuthi, uNicholas kwafuneka ukukhangela namahlakani eMpuma, Noko ke, ngaphandle Japan kwakungekho mntu apho. Kwaye yena athalala ayiqhelileyo imfazwe kunye nezoqoqosho. ekuqaleni nje ukuba uphume yodwa.

Indawo iqela kokukhutshelwa Kuril Islands isekelwe kwinto yokuba iRashiya iye wavula siqithi oko kakhulu ntiyiso. Phakathi kwabo engundoqo imimandla Japanese umgama yokuba balinde nganye enye ezinjengeetelescope. "Vula" kwintsimi yaseJapan ayizange ngqiqweni. Kwaye ngoko ke, enyanisweni, vula yaye phantsi kolawulo lwabo ngenkulungwane ye-17.

exchange imimandla

imbali Sinodsky (1855) abazange isigqibo umbuzo Sakhalin. Kule ndawo sasihlala njengoko Japanese kunye Russian. Ngokwembali ke ngoko kwenzeka ukuba bakuthi bahlala ngasentla, kwaye Asia - nomzantsi. Ngenxa yoko, Sakhalin ukuba nentsimi joint, kodwa de amalungelo jure kwakungekho mntu. Le meko ngo-1875 ikhontrakthi. Ngokutsho kuyo, zonke iziqithi kwi Kuril Islands udlule Japan kunye Sakhalin inkunkuma ukuya kwilizwe lethu. Ngoko ke, kummandla phikisa ngokwembali of Russia (Kuril Islands) kufuneka babe eJapan, xa iziganeko ezilandelayo.

Russian-Japanese imfazwe

imfazwe Russian-Japanese ka-1904-1905 baphela ngokutyikitya Uxolo Portsmouth. Ngokutsho kuyo, eRashiya wanika kumazantsi Sakhalin. Oku kwenza ukuba kubuzwe lo abaxhasi impiriyali bathi ukuba ama ka-1905 sawela zonke zangaphambili. Oku kulandela ukuba izivumelwano yangaphambili ukutshintshwa kwe Kuril Islands, awukwazi ugcine. Noko ke, ulawulo tsarist, uRhulumente Provisional kunye ngamaKomanisi kuxwebhu 1917 akazange aphikisane le mimandla.

IMfazwe Yehlabathi II

IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic yaphela ngoMeyi 1945. Noko ke, iMfazwe Yehlabathi II usaqhubeka. Japan Le yayiyimeko inamandla kwi-Pacific Ocean emva eUnited States. Kwantung Army naseManchuria, Korea kunye Mongolia wababala ukuya kubantu yesigidi umoya omkhulu. ESoviet Union wavuma ukugqithiselwa yomkhosi eJamani ukuya ngasempumalanga xa namahlakani igunya postback South Sakhalin kunye phikisa Kuril Islands. Emva kokuba imvume West nootatomkhulu bethu endaweni ndigoduke nokwakha ubomi ngoxolo, ngaphambi ngoSeptemba 2, baye kuthatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo emkhosini. Ngenxa yoko, njengoko kulindelekile, bekukho phikisa kummandla Russia.

Iziphumo longquzulwano kunye Japan

Modern pro-Western abalwela amalungelo oluntu ngazwi linye wathini "ukuhlala ngokungekho mthethweni" ye Kuril Islands. Kakade ke, ngokwembali sinako uvume ukuba bengengabo kwilizwe lethu ekuqaleni. Kodwa amaqela amalungelo oluntu ukulibala ukuba emva kokoyiswa kwi Russian-Japanese War ka 1904-1905. Southern Sakhalin waya kumazwe Asia. Isiphumo imfazwe isoloko ukuzuza indawo. Ukuba usebenzisa lo mgaqo ekwakheni imida yezizwe ngezizwe, amazwe amaninzi aye ngokutsha ngokupheleleyo imida yayo.

"UCatherine, nawe akunjalo?"

Ingaba kukho naluphi na ummandla iphikiswayo of Russia kunye US? Wonke ngokuthanda Russian ithi - "kunjalo". Alaska, leyo ithengiswa, abanye bade bathi zazi- ekuthiwa uKumkanikazi uCatherine II. Phi le ntsomi? Akukacaci. Kodwa intengiso Alaska yaqhutywa kutshanje. Ngowe-1867, iRashiya wathengisa loo ndawo ngenxa $ 7.2 million. Kakade ke, singatsho ukuba ngelo xesha ukuba imali eninzi. Kodwa enyanisweni akunjalo. Yonke imimandla ukuba eUnited States ukuphumelela abavela kwamanye amazwe (eNgilani, Spain, Mexico) zaye zalunga zathengwa. Wamcacisela ezi ziye kabini - ukusuka $ 14 ezigidi. Enyanisweni, Alexander II wathengisa cheap kakhulu kwi kabini. Noko ke, simele sizame ukuqonda ukuba kutheni le nto uyenzileyo?

Malunga neenjongo zakhe ukuba athengise Alaska uMlawuli Alexander wathi iminyaka eli-10 ngaphambi koko. Ababhali-mbali bafumana imbalelwano kunye nomzalwana wakhe uConstantine. Kulo uKhesare kwacetyiswa ekuthengisweni ilifa North American. Kwakutheni ukuze enze loo nto? Ngaba kukho imfuneko ngenxa yoko? Sithetha izinto ngokobunyani bazo, ewe, ukususela nokwenzeka kwesivumelwano eso kungqinwe zibakala zilandelayo:

• Ubuthathaka wamajoni Russian, amagama ezoqoqosho. Ilizwe lethu ngesiqu abakhange bakwazi zintshula kule ndawo. Ukongeza, kufuneka ukuba akhethe phakathi lukhuselekile eMelika okanye East Far. Ukulahlekelwa bobabini kwakuyinyaniso. Urhulumente kufanele wagqiba ukuba ukulondolozwa of America ukulahleka East Far kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ukulahleka ingxenye yokuqala.
• Iyeza amandla eUnited States. Kakade ke, ngo-1867 eUnited States ngokwayo akayi ukuthatha Alaska Russia, njengoko wenzayo Mexico, Spain France. Kodwa ingcamango "America omnye" sele eziphaphazelayo esibhakabhakeni. Alaska kudlula ixesha. Ngo-1867, urhulumente waye nje ukuya eRashiya ukuya kwimimandla esemantla. Ukongeza koku, ukwanda kwabantu Alaska wadala isoyikiso kwenzeke simahla kunye nezinye sabemi karhulumente. Kulo mzekelo, Russia kwakungayi bathole lutho.
• ubudlelwane Amanyeneyo ne-United States kunye nentiyo of the Old Europe. Russia ngelo xesha amrhawula zakhe iintshaba. I iCrimea War wabonisa ukuba ngubani na lowo. Kulo meko, umlawuli wagqiba ukuthumela kwintsimi North American nkqu namahlakani ayo imali, kuba amathuba okuba kufakwe loo mmandla ukusuka Britain neFransi iye mkhulu. Umkhosi wethu, usiya akaba saba nako ukuxhathisa le steamships, ingakumbi amazwe eyinkunzi ezikude.

Isiphumo: Alaska wathengisa ingxenye ixabiso ezihlawulwe US iintshaba emva kwemfazwe for ukulawula. Izigqibo zibonisa ngokwabo. US, le ndawo ngeli xesha kwakhona ikakhulukazi kuyimfuneko. Congress zange bafune ukuthenga. Oko kuya kuba kwiminyaka 100-150, embalwa wayecinga. Izibonelelo amakhulu zendalo kulo mmandla, nabo, kungabikho namnye ukuyichaza.

Nangona kunjalo, ubukho imimandla ephikisana of Russia kunye US kakade Alaska.

Isivumelwano ngo-1867, nangona uziqhawule kuthi ilizwe North American, kodwa umgca umda ulwandle iye ekugqibeleni uzimisele. Amaqela wanikela iindlela ezahlukeneyo-hlukeneyo:

• Russia - Rhumb Line. Kwimephu umgca othe ngqo, batyedi moya.
• US - isangqa esikhulu. Imephu begoba kwi ngqo moya.

Ngenxa yoko, siye savumelana Kungenjalo: line waba nendawo phakathi komgca rhumb kwaye isangqa esikhulu. Noko ke, de kube sekupheleni ungquzulwano ayenziwanga. I-United States wathabatha ithuba yobuthathaka yiSoviet Union, zaza zanyanzelisa umnqophiso omtsha ngowe-1990, nto leyo mandundu kakhulu indawo yethu kule ngingqi. Kodwa kude kube ngoku, esi sivumelwano siye na zavunywa kwilizwe lethu, enika ilungelo ukuqwalasela ukuba null and void. Ngoku le ndawo kucingwa ukuba impikiswano, kunye nezenzo ngandlel zombukiso ubudlelwane kule ndawo, elingazange lithathwe. Noko ke, kwenzeka ntoni elandelayo? Ixesha liya kukuxelela.

indawo baphikisana of Russia namanye amazwe

Noko ke, Japan kunye United States - hayi ilizwe kuphela apho kukho iingxaki ezifanayo. Ubukho nemimandla ekuphikiswana ngayo lwamazwe angabamelwane Russia zinqanda intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Ziziphi ezinye lithi ziye ibango kuthi? Bona okunene luncinane:

• Norway;
• Ukraine;
• Estonia;
• China;
• Denmark;
• Canada;
• Iceland;
• Sweden;
• Finland;
• Azerbaijan;
• Turkmenistan;
• Kazakhstan;
• Iran;
• Lithuania;
• Latvia;
• Mongolia.

Uluhlu ephawulekayo. Kodwa kutheni amazwe amaninzi kangaka? Into yokuba ummandla bebangisana of Russia kunye namazwe angabamelwane - ayikho nje ilizwe siqithi, kodwa komele amanzi, iindawo umda ulwandle. Amazwe amaninzi inxulumene amagunya Arctic. Namhlanje kukho imfazwe kuba kwilizwekazi elitsha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphela iindlela zomthetho yezenzululwazi.

Kwaliwa for the Arctic

Zininzi States lwa Arctic. Kuyinto kuphela yezwekazi akazibandakanyi kwicandelo lobukoloniyali. Oku kuyaqondakala: ofuna umkhenkce? Akuzange kube mzuzu xa abantu awukwazi ngokobuxhakaxhaka nakwezoqoqosho ukuphuhlisa needipozithi ezizizembiwa entsha emntla. Kodwa le meko itshintshe. amaxabiso e-oli High, uphuhliso inzululwazi neteknoloji ukuze utsalo inzuzo yerhasi neoli ukusuka ice wasentla. amazwe amaninzi eziye zahlanganiswa kwicandelo elitsha colonial: Russia, Canada, eUnited States, Denmark, Finland, eIceland, eNorway. Ngokubanzi, abo amazwe abo kumda ngqo le Arctic.

Xa ngasezantsi lweCaspian Sea akakwazi yahlula, Iran, Kazakhstan, eRashiya, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan.

indawo phikisa of Russia, Finland: ayikho kuphela Arctic

Russia and Finland babe ibango, hayi kuphela phezu Arctic. Isikhubekiso kunye nommelwane esemantla yi Karelia. Phambi iphulo Ebusika ka-1939, umda eSoviet-Finnish wabaleka nje kumantla St. Petersburg. ubunkokheli yiSoviet ndaqonda ukuba kwimeko imfazwe ezayo, le ndawo iya kuba njengesikhundla elungileyo ayehlasela lizwe lethu. Emva ezithile izithuko baqalisa kwiMfazwe Winter-imi- 1939-1940.

Ngenxa yoko, i-eSoviet Union wancipha enzima Ndandingekakulungeli ukuba imfazwe enjalo. Nakuba kunjalo, isiphumo iyancumisa: intsimi Karelia yaba yinxalenye Union. Namhlanje Finnish Revanchists bafuna ukuba iRussia ukubuyiswa kula mazwe.

"Ngaba wena, ubuso bakho yobukumkani, uyabachithachitha kumazwe zikarhulumente?"

Ndingathanda ukuba ukukhumbula ibinzana adumileyo comedy odumileyo. Kodwa akukho nto ayihlekisi. De-2010, bekukho phikisa kummandla eRashiya Norway kuLwandle Barents. Sithetha malunga lidike 175 lamawaka macala onke. M. km. De-2010, amaqela bafumana ukusilela: mazwe omabini bekwi ukuloba apha, kwaye umlomo kwemveliso hydrocarbon. Yonke into, kodwa apha zokuma bafumana zigcine. Kwaye apha, njengoko besithi, "ophephuka" ngamagosa zethu. Russia ngokuzithandela wanika 175 amawaka macala up. M. km. amanzi okuloba rybolovedcheskih kutshintshiselwano ekuveliseni odibeneyo oyile negesi. Inyathelo-obona elifutshane, ingakumbi amaxabiso oyile ephantsi namhlanje. Ukongeza, yonke shishino lwe lokuloba esemantla yatshatyalaliswa utyikityo elinye.

Ngokuba China?

Norway - hayi kuphela lizwe ezafumana isipho indawo kuthi. Kukho phikisa indawo of Russia, China. Ngo-2004, ilizwe lethu usinike "phantsi kwezulu" impikiswano Tarabarov Island kunye inxalenye Ussuri Island. Noko ke, asingabo bonke elula kangaka. Emva kokufumana yinxalenye yommandla, ngoko nangoko China ifuna omnye. Ngoku kufuneka, ngokutsho mbali Chinese, ukuncama inxalenye kummandla zeAltai kunye East Far. Kwaye malunga kwiindawo enkulu izimvu, leyo ezibolekwe isiqingatha senkulungwane, asiyi ukuthetha. Namhlanje ke intsimi yethu, kodwa, kodwa oko kuza kwenzeka kwiminyaka 50? Ixesha liya kukuxelela.