Iintsholongwane: indlela yokutya, iimpawu zezakhiwo, indawo

Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha eziphilayo kakhulu - iintsholongwane. Catering kunye yokuhlala kwezi zinto ziphilayo zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Indlela ezihlangene ezi mpawu?

iimpawu ngokubanzi iintsholongwane

Le bacterium iqela eziphila kwiseli enye. Bangabantu prokaryotes. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zawo musa ziqulathe nuclei ezikhutshiweyo. izinto zabo zofuzo siqulathe thunzi DNA ime ngqo kwi icytoplasm.

Iimilo leeseli iintsholongwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba athathe ngohlobo sphere, intonga, iidiliya, ahamba, iinkwenkwezi, kunye m ityhubhu. Iintsholongwane P. Izixhobo phezulu zimelwe inwebu akubonakali, uxakaxa philisi kunye iseli udonga murein okanye equlathe pectin. Xa kukho icytoplasm kunye ribosomes prokaryotic yimiba cytoskeletal.

Iintsholongwane: yindlela yokutya kunye nendawo abahlala

Ngenxa elula lwesakhiwo eso, aye kakuhle zonke iindawo zokuhlala. Bona afumaneka emanzini, umhlaba, umoya, amatye, nemithombo eshushu, phezu komzimba enyama yangaphakathi kwezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Ngendlela iintsholongwane ukutya zombini Ulungs kunye heterotrophs.

I yangaphambili ibe kwizisele zabo, plastids chloroplasts leyo eyenzeka photosynthesis. ngenxa yayo yi glucose carbohydrate, nto leyo esetyenziselwa ukumisela iinkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi. Eziphilayo ezisetyenziselwa kuyondelelaniswe kwezinto eziphilayo amandla elanga, ebizwa kwakhona phototrophs. Ezi ziquka eluhlaza emsi nemfusa icyanobacteria.

Elinye iqela iintsholongwane autotrophic sebenzisa ubomi amandla neentambo imichiza. Bona ukuguqula le khompawundi ezimbaxa zibe lula. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba chemosynthesis. Imizekelo yezinto ezinjalo isalfure, intsimbi, kunye neentsholongwane nitrogen-ukulungiswa.

Kwaye iqela ezininzi ngokwaneleyo prokaryotes heterotrophic. unikezelo labo igunya kuxhomekeka kokusingqongileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke koku, kukho amaqela amathathu bacterium:

• saprotrophs;
• izinambuzane;
• eziphilayo bokubambisana.

Makhe siqwalasele nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

saprotrophs

Eli qela iintsholongwane uhlale zonke media ziqulathe into ephilayo. Oku kuba umhlaba, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Umzekelo, ukuba bacterium nokubola kwegunya indlela saprotroph. Baya nokucazululwa izinto eziphilayo, susa izondlo.

Leyo ke yindlela kwamandla iintsholongwane acid acidosis. ubuchule babo ijike iicarbohydrate ezisetyenziswa kakhulu yokudla. Kefir, inegwele ubisi womoji-zonka, cottage itshizi, iyogurt - zonke iimveliso libharhe le hlobo prokaryotes.

nezilwanyana

iintsholongwane olwaye lwamfimfitha, indlela apho naye heterotrophic amandla kuhlala ngaphakathi okanye phezu kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. , Nokudla ukudla iinkosi yobomi bakufikise kwezifo. Umzekelo, segazi inegciwane, ukuba Akwandise ethunjini, ebangela ubuthathaka, ifiva, intloko ebuhlungu, intlungu esitulweni - zonke izenzo segazi. "Isifo wezandla ezimdaka" badla ngokuthi salmonellosis, yicesina nekholera. Bonke bephela zibangelwa nokudla prokaryotes olwaye lwamfimfitha.

izifo zabantu kunye nezilwanyana esiyingozi isifo sephepha, anthrax, uminxano, angina, isifo somqala omhlophe, glanders, sokuphunza. Ezisebenza intshayelelo yabo umzimba yahlukile:

• ukutya amanzi angcolile okanye ukutya;
• indlela emoyeni;
• ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela lwezempilo.

iintsholongwane bokubambisana

eziphilayo abaninzi bekwazi zingene kunxulumelwano zokuxhamla ngokufanayo namanye nezikumkani endalo. They are aziyeke neentsholongwane. Catering abameli eli qela nazo heterotrophic. Noko ke, bakulungele ukuba badle izinto ezinye izinto ngaphandle enza umonakalo. Ukongeza, le ngokuhlalisana Iunoncedo ezininzi.

Umzekelo ezinjalo ziya nitrifying neebhaktiriya ezihlala iingcambu zezityalo imidumba. Ukufumana apho emhlabeni ziqhekeza ukutyabeka yethishyu, beqala ukwanda ngamandla. Oku kubangela indlela amaqamza amancinci, kodwa abaninzi. Olu hlobo ezincinane bayakwazi ukulungisa initrogen, inxalenye zezulu ukuyijika ibe fom ziyafumaneka ukuze izityalo. Kulo mzekelo zilungele ukusuka izondlo zezityalo, ezo ke isisombululo zolwelo.

iintsholongwane Human oluphakathi na prokaryotes ezihlala nakwa KwaZulu yakhe. Apha, zenza enzayim, ngakumbi lula ukuqhekeka eziliqela oganikhi khompawundi. Le bacterium ulusu kunye inwebu yangaphakathi kuthintela kunikwe kwakho prokaryotes "nabaphambukeli".

Ngenxa yoko, bacterium elilodwa olunye-prokaryotic. Basenokuba ngokuzimeleyo kuhlelwe ulungelelwaniso (autotrophs) yaye ukulungele ukuba badle (heterotrophs).