Yiyiphi iplatelet, kwaye yintoni efunekayo kumgangatho wegazi

Abo bafanele banikele ngegazi ubuncinane kanye kanye ebomini babo, ngokuqinisekileyo baqwalaselwe ukuba kunye nezinye izikhombisi, ngokucwangciswa phantse kukho iimeko ezifana ne-leukocytes, iplatelets, i-erythrocytes, njl njll, ebonisa izinga lokuxinwa kwala maseli Omnye umgama wegazi elilodwa. Ezi ezintlanu kwi-human anatomy esikolweni zazingekho, kwaye ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iziphumo zokuvavanya kuthetha, wonke umntu ufuna. Ngako oko, akusiyo ingqiqo ukuzalisa izikhelo zolwazi kwaye ekugqibeleni uzifumanisa ukuba zeziphi iiplatelets, yintoni indima yabo emzimbeni wethu, kwaye yintoni umlinganiselo wabo kuxhomekeke kwigazi.

Awaziwa "iiplatelet zegazi"

Okokuqala masikhumbule ukuba igazi liphi. Olu lukhuni oluyimfuneko ebomini luqulethe malunga ne-40-45% yezinto ezenziwe ngamaseli kunye ne-60-65% ye-plasma, apho i-salts, iivithamini kunye neeprotheni zichithwa. Inxalenye encinci imhlophe (i-leukocyte) kunye neeseli ezibomvu (iiselom zegazi ezibomvu). Ukongeza kubo, kukho iiplatelet. Enyanisweni, ezi zilandelayo azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuba ziseli zangempela, kuba abanalo inucleus. Xa ngo-1842 eFransi uAlexander Donne wawafumana egazini, wagqiba ekubeniwabiza ngokuba ngamacwecwe egazi. Ngelo xesha, oogqirha abazange bazi ukuba ziphi iiplatelets. Baye bacinga ukuba ezi ngqungqutyana ezincinci zisebenza njengezinto zokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye, ngelishwa, abazange banike ukubaluleka okufanelekileyo. Ngendlela, kwiilwimi zesiNgesi igama elithi "iiplatelet zegazi" liye lahlala, kodwa ngesiRashiya igama elithi "iplatelets" lithathile. Igama lokugqibela lavela kwi-trombos yesiGrike (i-clot) kunye ne-kytos (igumbi).

Ziziphi iiplatelet kwaye yintoni indima yazo

Ezi zincinci zidla ngokuba ne-oval okanye nxazonke. Maxa wambi zibukeka njengeenkwenkwezi ezincinane. Ububanzi bawo buhluka ukusuka kwi-1.5 ukuya kwi-10 microns (1 micron ihambelana ne-10 ^-6 metres). Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncinane ngaphandle kwe-microscope ukubona ukuba iplatelet yintoni, akunakwenzeka. Ukuba uthelekisa ixabiso lazo kunye nobukhulu bentloko yabantu, kuya kuba ngamaxesha angaphantsi kweshumi. "Iiplatelet zegazi" zenziwe kwiiseli ezinkulu kwi-bone. Kusuka kule "frikansi" bangena kwigazi, apho batshintsha ubukhulu babo baze baphile kwiintsuku eziyi-8 ukuya kwi-11. Iiplatelet "ezindala" ziya kwesibindi, ipeni kunye nemiphunga, apho zijika zibe "izinto ezibonakalayo" ekwakhiweni kwamanye amathishu. Umsebenzi oyintloko wale maqabunga ukukhusela ukulahlekelwa kwegazi xa kunokwenzeka ukulimala. Ngenxa yoko, iiplatelet zithatha inkonzo yazo kunye neendonga zeempahla kwaye, ngomonakalo omncinci kumgangatho weengxube, zikhawuleza ukukhusela umzimba. Ukudibanisa ndawonye, bakha i-thrombus, efana nesiqwenga, "idibanisa" udonga oluqhekekileyo lwesitya, ngokunjalo ukukhusela igazi ukuba lingaphumi.

Iqondo leeplatelets: yintoni efunekayo?

Ngokomyinge, kubantu abaninzi eli nani linamaqela angama-200. Kwi-1 μl, ngoxa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo liloluhlu lweeyunithi eziyi-150 ukuya ku-300. Iqondo leeplatelet ngenxa yokuhlinzwa okanye izifo ezivuthayo (umzekelo, urubella, i-hepatitis, i-ARVI) inokunyuka. Kananjalo, ukungabi naso "kweeplatelet zegazi" kunokubonisa ubukho be-leukemia, utshintsho lobudala, isifo sikashukela, ukuphazamiseka kwegazi okanye ukugula. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba inqanaba leeplatelet lalihlala liqhelekileyo, kufuneka uhlale usemoyeni omtsha, uholele indlela yokuphila enempilo, gxininisa kumayeza emveli. Ziyinyamekele kwaye ujabulele ubomi-njengokuba kunjalo!