Yintoni noosphere? imfundiso Vernadsky ngayo noosphere

Imfundiso noosphere idibanisa uninzi paradigms ezibonakala abe kangako kwizinto eziqhelekileyo: bulumko, ezoqoqosho, yokuma. Yintoni le yayahlukile le mbono?

Ibali elithi

Leyo ke noosphere, kuqala waxelela ihlabathi kwiimpapasho bakhe French yezibalo Eduard Lerua ngo-1927. Kwiminyaka nje embalwa ngaphambi kokuba kumamela iintetho eziliqela eziphawulekayo isazinzulu Russian Vladimira Ivanovicha Vernadskogo, malunga neengxaki geochemistry (kunye biogeochemistry). Noosphere - isimo ekhethekileyo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, apho indima engundoqo ngoku udlalwa nge ingqondo yomntu. Umntu osebenzisa ingqondo, idala "indalo yesibini" ukongeza kwesele ikhona.

Noko ke, ngelo xesha nye ngokwaso uyinxalenye yendalo. Ngoko ke, lo noosphere - iseyeyona bazivelela ukuthatha indawo ngokwezi chain ilandelayo: uphuhliso zehlabathi - umhlaba onokuphila - yimbonakalo yomntu - kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ukuvela le noosphere. Kwangaxeshanye, ingqiqo ka Vernadsky, abaphengululi bathi, akukho impendulo ecacileyo lo mbuzo: "Le noosphere sele unayo, okanye iza kuvela nje?" Scientist ngexesha elifanayo wacebisa ukuba ngexesha xa ibe umzukulwana omdala, ingqondo yomntu kunye nobuchule balo kungenzeka ukuba atyatyambe ukumtyhilela ngokwabo ngokupheleleyo. Kwaye kusenokuba kukho uphawu engangqalanga ukuvela le noosphere.

concept Vernadsky

imfundiso Vernadsky ngayo noosphere, njengoko izazinzulu zikholelwa, bekulindeleke ngqo nesiza "bazivelela" xa biosphere uba noosphere. Vladimir Ivanovich, kwincwadi yakhe "Scientific Thought njenge into yemihlaba," ubhala ukuba inguqu ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila kulo noosphere kunokwenzeka xa le nkqubo iphenjelelwa ingcamango zenzululwazi.

Ukongeza, abaphengululi uqaphele, Vernadsky lichonge iimeko ezininzi ngenxa kukuvela noosphere. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, zokusonjululwa ngokupheleleyo abantu kwi planethi (kungekhona kuhlala kulo mzekelo, kuthi kuvuleke isithuba ngenxa umhlaba onokuphila). Kubalulekile kananjalo kuphuculo yonxibelelwano kunye nolwazi ngotshintshiselwano phakathi kwabantu abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi (kwaye oku umbulelo kwi Internet sele unayo). Noosphere kungenzeka xa yokwakheka komhlaba iya kuxhomekeka kuloo mntu kunokuba ubunjalo.

abalandeli Concept zesayensi

Izazinzulu lweendawo ezahlukeneyo, ukwazi iimfundiso Vernadsky kunye nabalandeli bakhe ukuba noosphere, wadala neengqiqo ezimbalwa, ukuphuhlisa postulates ezisisiseko babaphandi Russian. Ngokutsho AD Ursula, umzekelo, i-noosphere - yinkqubo apho amaxabiso ingqondo yokuziphatha ezinxulumene ubukrelekrele, uluntu luya ubonakala njengomcimbi ophambili. Xa noosphere ngu Ursula abantu uhlala nemvelo, ikwimo-nxaxheba ndibanisela yokuzivelela.

Ukuba imfundiso noosphere Vernadsky kuthetha Ukunyamalala preferential ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, ngoko, njengoko kuqatshelwe Abaphengululi mihla, isimaphambili se ababhali namhlanje ziquka ingcamango yokuba noosphere nokuPhilayo kwiglobhu, mhlawumbi, aya kuqhubeka khona ngexesha elifanayo. Enye indlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ubukho noosphere - ngokutsho abaphengululi mihla - inokuba ukufikelela kumda lophuhliso loluntu, inqanaba ubuninzi zokuphuculwa kwamaziko yezentlalo kunye noqoqosho. Kukho imfuneko amaxabiso aphezulu yokuziphatha kunye nezenkcubeko.

noosphere Unxibelelwano kwabantu

Man kwaye noosphere esidityaniswe kakhulu ngqo. Kungenxa kwimisebenzi yabantu kwaye kugxininisa ingqondo yakhe ubonakala noosphere (imfundiso Vernadsky ithi loo nto). Kukho elithile oluthile kuphuhliso yokwakheka komhlaba le planethi. Man, ukudala indawo ethile ngokwabo, ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwemisebenzi biosphere. Abantu endaweni zendalo, into esele ikhona kwindalo, ngumntu. Kukho iimeko apho indima ebonakalayo idlalwa ulilo.

Kukho landscapes ngokusebenzisa zilawulwa ngabantu yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo koomatshini. Ngaba kuyinyaniso ukuba bathi noosphere - lé ingqondo yomntu? A Inani labaphandi bakholelwa ukuba izinto ezenziwa ngabantu ayisoloko ixhomekeke aqonda ngayo isebenza njani na ihlabathi. Abantu badla ukwenza, ukuhlola, ekwenzeni iimpazamo. Mind, ukuba unamathele kulo mba, mhlawumbi kuya kuba negalelo ekuphuculeni ubuchwepheshe hlobo, kodwa hayi njengomqathango nefuthe oluzinzileyo kwi ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila ukwenzela ukuguqula ibe noosphere.

Anthroposphere and Technosphere

Imfundiso le noosphere ngemisebenzi ezinye izazinzulu ngokusondeleyo edibene namanye amagama amabini. Okokuqala, "anthroposphere". Ingcinga ibhekisela indima kunye nendawo umntu, kwakunye nemisebenzi yayo esithubeni. Anthroposphere - ingqokelela iinkalo eziphathekayo wobomi umhlaba, ngokuba uphuhliso kuphela umntu onoxanduva. Okwesibini, i "technosphere". Kukho utoliko ezimbini kakuhle eli gama. Eyokuqala kukuba le nto - oku ityala ekhethekileyo anthroposphere ukutyhilwa kwalo.

Technosphere - iseti iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, nto leyo efunekayo buciko. Kunokuba ibe njengoko umhlaba ngokwawo, kunye nendawo. Ngokutyhilwa yesibini Technosphere - isahlulo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, leyo iyahluka ngenxa inkqubo yentsebenziswano yabantu. Kukho, ngokuzenzekelayo, iqela iinzululwazi ukuchonga technosphere kunye noosphere, kwaye kukho abaphandi ukuqonda apho Technosphere - oluphakathi phakathi kwe onokuphila kunye noosphere.

noosphere yokucinga

Kunye ingcamango "noosphere" ligama ezinxulumene uhlobo oluthile yokucinga. Wabonakala kakhulu kutshanje. Kumalunga okucinga noosphere. Oku, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, zibandakanya iimpawu ezininzi ezithile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo - iqondo eliphezulu criticality. Okulandelayo - kucwangciso umntu lwangaphakathi ukuphucula onokuphila, ukudala ubutyebi, negalelo koku. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokucinga noosphere - ophambili karhulumente ngaphezu zabucala (ingakumbi xa usombulula iingxaki zenzululwazi). Le umnqweno ukusombulula engaqhelekanga kwaye kusonjululwe nawuphi na umsebenzi. Enye ingxenye yokucinga noosphere - umnqweno ukuqonda kakuhle iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke kwindalo kunye noluntu.

imfundo noosphere

Phakathi izazinzulu kukho uluvo ukuba wonke umntu kubuphepha ukucinga malunga nohlobo noosphere. Abantu abaninzi yaye babengazi ukuba yintoni na noosphere. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi bakholelwa, le ndoda ingaphinda kufundiswa ubugcisa kuphuhliso olu hlobo yokucinga. Oku kufuneka kwenzeke phakathi sikhokelo imfundo ekuthiwa noosphere. Eyona njongo iphambili yale uqeqesho kubekwa phezu izakhono lobuchopho bomntu.

Ngokutsho nkolelo imfundo noosphere, abantu bamele bafunde ukuvuselela ukuvela iminqweno emihle, banqwenela ukuba imvano nokusingqungileyo, umnqweno ukuqonda kakuhle injongo iinkqubo ezenzekayo eluntwini. Ukuba Eskom HIV, njengoko bemeko- kolu luvo Kukholelwa ukuba kuziswe nkqubo kunye nesisombululo iingxaki zoqoqosho, uluntu luya kwenza linyathelo elikhulu phambili.

Ingcamango of Teilhard de Chardin

Xa wakhe othi "isenzeko of Man,"-nzulu French Per Teyyar de Chardin azibeka phambili eziliqela zefilosofi, echaphazela isenzeko le noosphere. Chaza ukuba ngokufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka: Abantu abazange nje amelane yendaleko, kodwa injini yayo. Ngokutsho concepts ye-nzulu, mthombo uphambili ingqondo - yinto ngumfanekiso, ubuchule bomntu ukwazi ngokwayo. Theory of Teilhard de Chardin kunye Vernadsky ngayo ingqiqo sidibanisa hypothesis imbonakalo yabantu. Zombini izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba abantu ezikhethekileyo yaye yahlukile kwezinye izidalwa eziphilayo kwizizathu abantu self-ulwazi. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi ekuqondeni noosphere ngokutsho Teilhard de Chardin kukuba esebenza kunye nezinto ezifana "Superman" yaye "isithuba."

Xa semvelo isenokubangela le noosphere

Imfundiso noosphere ngokusondeleyo ukwadityaniswe biosphere. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ukusuka kwisigaba enye ukuya kwenye unokuthabatha indawo kwi indlela ekhethekileyo zazivelela. Ngokutsho kwinkcaza ethandwayo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila - yinkqubo enika imisebenzi ebalulekileyo emhlabeni. It kulo eziphilayo kunye nemisebenzi yabo kuchaphazela ukujika iinkalo ezahlukeneyo kunye neekhemikhali. Ekuhambeni kwe nasekusungulweni zendalo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila ukulungiselela isiseko ukuvela lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu, abantu baye kukuba ukusebenzisa izityalo, iiminerali.

Ekuhambeni uphuhliso, ke, senkcubeko yoluntu, ababufumene izixhobo lalisetyenziswa bafumana ithuba lokuba nefuthe kwi biosphere. Phakathi izazinzulu kukho inguqulelo ngoxa oku wayengekho obonakalayo - iimfuno zabantu alikho ngaphezu kwe-1% kwezibonelelo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila. Kodwa ukwandisa amanani zokuphuhlisa ukungalingani: umhlaba onokuphila ukuba kancane kancane ukukwazi ukunika zonke kwizibonelelo eziyimfuneko zabantu ngokupheleleyo. Abantu senze imfuneko ukufumana into andinako ukunika Biosphere ngokwabo. Xa isixa-mali nokwanela kuya kuba ngohlobo lokuba abantu baya kuyeka ukuba bazisebenzise ezi zincedisi zokufundisa ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, ngoko kuya kuba noosphere.

Ixabiso kwiimfundiso noosphere kweyobunzululwazi

imfundiso Vernadsky ngayo noosphere leyo kakhulu kunene kuchaphazeleka umgwebo iinkqubo ngempucuko uphando kweeprofayili ezahlukeneyo. Ukwazi noosphere (okanye ubuncinane ndinisa ngokwam ukuba ukuqonda esi senzeko) ntoni, izazinzulu namhlanje ukuba ziyisebenzise sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekuvumela ukuba ukwakha iimodeli umhlaba kwixesha elizayo. Into efana oku Vernadsky okunene ukuqikelela ukuvela kwi Internet, kwaye ezinye mpumelelo zentlalo-qoqosho. Ingqiqo noosphere kwenkulungwane yama-20, banikwe izazinzulu mihla isitshixo nokuqonda izinto zazivelela. Imiqondiso yokuqala isilumkiso imbonakalo noosphere on Earth kunokwenzeka sebevele Paleolithic and Mesolithic. Ukususela ngoko, umsebenzi yabantu ezinxulumene impembelelo umhlaba onokuphila, ukwanda kuphela. A umfutho enamandla inguqu noosphere onokuphila yaba Revolution Industrial ngenkulungwane ye-19, namhlanje ombane ubuncinane nefuthe na kwi Internet. Kuyenzeka ukuba abantu ilinde indlela nobunzima kakhulu zonxibelelwano kunye nobugcisa.