Aristotle Ontology: inkcazo, eli kunye nokubaluleka. Ontology logic Aristotelian

Le ifilosofi sisiphumo ulwazi ngokwamava noqhagamshelo uye ngaphaya kubo, okt. E. Episteme. Ngoko Aristotle ayephikisana. Ontology, leyo wazithoba ukuze kuxoxwe, iye yazuza udumo ngamazwe yaye ndakwazi ukuzukisa igama lakhe ukutyhubela iminyaka. Yena - umzali ekuqiqeni, umseki yobubini, umfundi engcono kunye iqela komsindo uPlato.

ontology

Ontology - isebe-bulumko nenzululwazi, nto leyo ichaza imigaqo nucleation ukuba isakhiwo, iipateni alo okukhuliswa kwaye ezinye iindlela lokugcina. Inokubuyiselwa ilungiswe ngokungqinelana neemfuno ubudala kunye izinga lolwazi kwabantu, ngokunjalo phantsi kweempembelelo kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo iingcamango. Le ichaza isizathu sokuba nkqubo ngamnye filosofi ontology yayo, yahlukile evela kwabanye, yaye iyatshintsha ekuphuhlisweni kwale nkqubo.

Ngokwahlukeneyo, bekukho ontology Aristotle. kubume bayo, ixabiso ngokwazi nkqubo kukuba umbhali waqalisa embalwa evulekileyo kwingxoxo imiba efana:

1. Ngaba ukuba apho?

2. Yintoni ingqondo likaThixo, kwaye ukuba ikhona?

3. Apho ukuguqulwa kwezinto ngohlobo lomgca?

Ukuba Aristotle bahlukana nenzululwazi nje ukusuka bulumko, kwaye iye yahlulwe ibe ziinxalenye ezimbini. Kwimeko yokuqala, le ezikhona babizwa ngokuba, waqonda imibuzo buciko, abstract, injongo yayo ukuqonda intsingiselo yobukho bomntu. Owesibini liqulethe iingcinga ezithile kakhulu malunga indoda yehlabathi kunye nohlobo device, imithetho kuluntu kwaye kukhonza njengomnye njengesixhobo kwingqiqo.

Ifomu kunye Matter

Ukuba ihlabathi Injongo ziyalandeleka zihlalutywe nge-mvo - ithiyori ethunyelwe Aristotle. Ontology ifilosofi bakhe baphikisana ukuba ubukho umanyano ifomu nezinto, yaye "nto" - eli lithuba ngokohlobo ngobuwena, i "uhlobo" - oku kwenziwa, bokuba mbandela. Le nto lwalo ifomu nezinto, kunjalo, yaye loo nto ingatshintsha, ukuhamba ukusuka ithuba omnye komnye. Kodwa kungekudala kuza Inqanaba lokugqibela le yotshintsho. Kwaye mhlawumbi, ukuba lo mbandela, kuba actualized kule fomu ngokupheleleyo.

Izizathu zotshintsho

Ontology kunye obunzulu Aristotle cebisa izizathu ezine ukuze Ukwahluka ehlabathini:

1. isizathu esisemthethweni ukuze kwaneliswe isicwangciso ukuguqulwa.
2. Eziphathekayo, okt umsebenzi lo zeendawana.
3. Action - ungamandla uguqula zeendawana.
4. isizathu sokugqibela - ekupheleni ngenxa yeenguqu bafuna yi le nto.

Ukuba uza akukho malunga nomba othile isifundo okanye into, kodwa ehlabathini ngokubanzi, uAristotle, ogama ontology akuthethi kundikhanyela phambi ngalo mbandela kuphela, kodwa ezinye iintlobo zehlabathi, kungekhona zifikeleleke ukuqonda kwethu, uthi ukuba ihlabathi siyahamba rhoqo. Bacinga ukuba kungekudala iza kuyeka, akakwazi, ngenxa yokuba ufuna ukwenza ukumelana. Yaye njani kukho senzo evela ngaphandle, ukuba intshukumo ehlabathini uyekile? Kukho sime, ukuqhuba amandla ebambekayo eqinisekisa ukuba ihlabathi lethu intshukumo rhoqo. Aristotle. Philosophy, nto leyo equka ingcamango ontology ukuba kukho umatshini motion ongunaphakade, ugxininisa ukuba ayinamsebenzi, yaye ke ngoko - yinto engaphathekiyo. Ifom ioyile lwamandla ngaphandle ifomu - ingqondo (okanye isizathu ecocekileyo). Ngenxa yoko, isizathu ubukho kakhulu oku kuqonda.

obunzulu

Le yinxalenye yefilosofi ejongene torii ngolwazi, ekugxekeni, uphuhliso kunye nobungqina. Yiyo le uqeqesho ukuqonda, angafaka isicelo ulwazi yentanda ndikhulile, okanye ahlale izigqibo kuphela. Umthombo ulwazi, njengoko uyazi - ukuba ngamava. Gqitha kukwazi ukuba ziviwa ngabemi ngumphandi ngokwam. ingxaki kwingqiqo wayesondele kwixesha ifilosofi ungashiywanga bucala, uAristotle, eziquka ontology kunye nokuqonda inkqubo yokufumana ulwazi, kuphuhliswa imfundiso yakhe.

theory ulwazi

Ingongoma ukuqala kwagqitywa ukuba into yokuba, ukongeza mxholo umphengululi, kwakukho ixhomekeke kakhulu malunga nokusebenza ukuthanda kwakhe akukho. Uthi kukwazi ukuba anike izivamvo, alingana kwabo sifumana ngokubheka. Kwaye ukuba, kunye kuphononongo amacandelo olusesikweni nto thina ngaxeshanye wokubona ubuntu lakhe. Kuyinto Ngokudibanisa ubungqina ngokwamava nokuqiqa olwamkelweyo lisinceda siqonde ukuzala inyaniso.

iqiniso

Ukubekwa umongo sokuqala nesesibini kwisifundo kwakhona unelona ontology Aristotle. umongo wayo kukuba: ixabiso izinto sobuntu na kule nkqubo kwingqiqo. Iqumrhu lokuqala - loo nto isifundo efunda malunga sifundo inkqubo ukuqonda ngokoluvo, kwaye eyesibini - yemvelaphi kuyo. Iqumrhu wesibini awubonisi zonke bokuqonda ubukho ngamnye, kwaye iintlobo ezininzi okanye iimpawu kwisizukulwana.

umfundisi

Anthology uPlato noAristotle uhlola ngokunzulu ingqiqo womntu kunye norhulumente. Kwaye nangona kwezinye iindawo baya idibane, ubukhulu becala iingcamango zabo zichasene. Ngokutsho kwithiyori kaPlato, umntu bobabo kwaoko kummandla ngokwenyama nangokomoya yobukho. Ke ukuba physical umba yonke into icacile, ukuze umphefumlo ingathatha ezahlukeneyo ukucupha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubabela elo iintlobo abantu ezithandwa ukusebenza nzima, ubuchule, ukugcina ucwangco, ukulawula abanye abantu njalo njalo. D. In abathandwayo karhulumente wonke kuloo ndawo, yaye ngukumkani idyll.

Aristotle abe izimvo ezahlukeneyo, nangona ingcamango yakhe nephupha kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imeko efanelekileyo - nye apho yonke impahla yabiwa ngokulingana phakathi kwabantu, yaye basebenzisa yona ngendlela eyiyo, ngoko akukho ngquzulwano, bonke siphile ngokuvisisana nenye.

Nangona iindawana zongquzulwano lwezimvo, imibuzo ephathelele ebukhobokeni, ukuvela karhulumente kunye nemigaqo yayo yolawulo, iyaqwalaselwa yi omabini pundits phantse ngokulinganayo.