Imbonakalo yoqhawulo-phepha

Kunzima kuluhlu onke amancedo esinika kwezobuchwepheshe inkqubela: umbane, kwisithili kufudumeze, iimoto, iikhompyutha, i-Internet - uluhlu eqhubekile ... Ukanti, onke la zokuzonwabisa bekuya kuba nzima ngaphandle zehlabathi utshintsho ezaqala ezimbalwa elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo yaye yathiywa revolution mveliso.

Imvelaphi kunye nentsingiselo kwekota

Ntoni eli gama kwaye apho wenza igama wamazwi kangaka? Ubunikazi fanele sisazinzulu French uJerome izikhewu, owayehlala kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane lokugqibela. Kuyo, kwaye ngengqiqo mihla le revolution industrial - na utshintsho ukusuka uluntu kwezolimo kwindawo enye mveliso, nto leyo lidlala indima enkulu uqoqosho kwemveliso yoshishino.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwenkqubo yezoshishino yahlulwe yaba ngamanqanaba amathathu. Phezu komhlaba kukho utshintsho ngokuthe ngcembe emigudwini manual koomatshini. Ezi matshini iqhutywa zomuntu, kodwa ngokunzulu kukhawuleziswe inkqubo yemveliso. Kulo lesibini inqanaba injini ubonakala ezi ndlela - injini umphunga, leyo sasetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwimveliso industrial de ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Xa oomatshini Isigaba sesithathu imveliso iba yande kwaye kukho ushishino oluqhelekileyo olutsha - ubunjineli ngoomatshini.

Amanqanaba ye revolution yezoshishino

Ilizwe lokuqala apho ezoshishino, uye waba eNgilani. Kutheni na? Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, oku lula bubukho ngamathanga. umsebenzi wabo eye wavumela ngoosomashishini British ukuze aqokelele imali eyaneleyo ukuphuhlisa imveliso mveliso. Enye inguqulelo ithi ayikho kuphela ngamathanga. Baba kuphela eNgilani - isithsaba Spanish kwikhompyutha abakwintsimi ngaphantsi, kodwa akukho nkqubela aluboniswa kolu shishino. Yinto enye - ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII (ngeli xesha uqala i revolution mveliso eNgilani) kuluntu IsiNgesi udale iimeko azivumi ukuba uphuhliso shishino. Okokuqala, urhulumente wayeza ukukhusela ipropati yabucala kwaye ayikwazanga ukuboyika uxhuzula oongxowankulu. Okwesibini, kwinqanaba eliphezulu yorhwebo wafikelela, ukwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba uthengise imveliso mveliso. Okwesithathu, kwakukho inani elaneleyo labasebenzi okanye wanyamalala ngebhaxa (akukho ngamakhoboka eNgilani ngelo xesha kwakungekho elide). Kwezolimo, ubudlelwane kwimarike kuphuhliswa: umhlaba sele yorhwebo, kunye noqoqosho yorhwebo ekugqibeleni bagxothwa zendalo. iifama ezinkulu akazange mfuneko inani elikhulu labasebenzi, yaye ngaloo ndlela ukunika abasebenzi abaza kuhlawulwa kushishino.

Ngenxa yoko, isigaba sokuqala Industrial Revolution amaBritane babekulungele. Yaqhubeka nje ukufumana imoto ofanelekileyo. Ekubeni xilaveko lexikulu ngelo xesha wayekuthanda impahla, kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo yezoshishino yaqala kanye kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. Weaver Dzheyms Hargrivs wakha wabukela njengoko osimelela ngentonga, n'ekiweebwayo ezandleni intombi yakhe, xa inertia uyaqhubeka spin. Wafika ingcamango elula: ntoni xa sisenza ivili yokusontwa, edibanise uya ukujija ngokwayo ngayo? "Jenny '- ngoko ke ivili yokuqala sikamatshini kukujikeleza wabonakala ngo-1765. It othini yabekwa inqwelo okhethekileyo, ukutyibilika onezi. Ngaxeshanye kunye nentshukumo wenqwelwana esijikeleziswa bawubopha intambo. Le ivili ojikeleza sele usebenza ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo kuba buyo olunokubeka zokuluka ezimbalwa. Kungekudala kwasungulwa Hargreaves waba nomsinga. Kungekudala emva koko, i-iinwele esiqhelekileyo Richard Arkwright wadala umatshini kukujikeleza iqhutywa kwevili yamanzi. Oku yandisa imveliso vulu. Wabonakala kunye mechanical yomluki. Ngoko ke isigaba sokuqala Revolution Industrial.

Kuba sesibini isigaba akazange abe injini jikelele ukuba uphelelwa nyaka-ngeenxa zonke. Kunye amavili amanzi kunye nephiko yayisetyenziswa yonke indawo, kodwa ayini kakhulu ngenxa iimeko zemozulu. Kwaye ngoko ke yaba kwi okuvelisiweyo elifanelekileyo kaYakobi Watt - injini zomphunga. Enyanisweni, izibini kwaye wazama okumdambisa, kodwa ezi izinto ziye ukuziqhuba. Ngowe-1781, imigudu bakhe jize ngempumelelo. Wakwazi ukwenza kumatshini ovumela drive ukusebenza ezahlukeneyo iindlela, yaye ngaloo ndlela ayafikeleleka kakhulu umniniyo. Kungekudala emva kokusungulwa Watt waqalisa uhambo yayo noloyiso eNgilani, yaye emva koko kwamanye amazwe ehlabathini. Lakwazi ukuya ngaphaya kweendonga mveliso kwaye soyise i zothutho kunye revolution mveliso wangena ngempumelelo Inqanaba lesibini lophuhliso yayo.

Kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-injini wanika ukunyuka ukuya kwisigaba sesithathu Revolution Industrial, nto leyo yanceda ajike England ibe kwimeko yamashishini. Car kugubungela amashishini ngakumbi nemfuno kubo landa. Ngenxa yoko, isebe elitsha yemveliso - zobunjineli ngoomatshini.