Ukuchaza (ἀλληγορία) - i i ubuchule nobugcisa, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuvakalisa ingcinga nje ngalo mfanekiso. Ukuchaza kwimizobo-mbaliso wavela elide phambi kokuba iincwadi ingqiqo yayo mihla. Kuzo zonke iinkolo kunye neenkolelo senziwa ukuba personify amandla endalo. element nganye ngobuwena zawo - isithixo. Ngenxa yimizekeliso Iliad, i Odyssey, lo amaqhawe ka Keret, kaGilgamesh, kunye nabanye. Njengobuxoki wamnika imizwa ezibalisayo zicace.
Yintoni nje lo kwiincwadi kusekwangoko, inokubonwa iVangeli. Abafundi bakaKristu - abalobi akafundanga, neengcibi kude iingcamango abstract. Ukuba badlulisele kubo kakuhle eli mfundiso, uYesu usebenzisa ifomu mzekeliso, efumaneka ngendlela eqondakalayo; umalusi, iigusha, umhlwayeli.
Kwimizobo yamandulo ZesiGrike zonke iintlobo wachuma kakhulu ngaphambili ngokuyintloko anyulwe ukumela abantu abafundileyo. Apha intshumayelo yokomfuziselo inkcazelo kuthatha nobuciko. Yintoni nje lo kwi kwiincwadi yamandulo thuba inokubonwa kumzekelo yeentsomi Aesop kaThixo. Ukusebenzisa Uthelekiso abantu kunye nezilwanyana, umbhali wentsomi ishwankathela isiphako umlinganiswa othile kudidi lonke ezifana kwaye ngaxeshanye bahlekisa kwase, ziphele kwinqanaba yezilwanyana. Kwathi ngelo xesha iimaski kancinci uhlaselo lobuqu, ukunqanda ungquzulwano evulekileyo.
Ages Aphakathi. Europe uhlala phantsi kwengcinezelo kunzima ka Kwamacala, ukuba baveze iingcamango eziyingozi. Apha lo msebenzi ukudlulisela ingcamango ngendlela ebonakalayo, phezu koko - ukuba mntu, ukuba afikeleleke kuphela abakhwetha. Aesop ulwimi ababhali uba uhlobo kuphela yokuthetha iingcamango. Ukuchaza kuMbindi Ages udakumbile, bazala kukoyika, imvo lithemba kunye lithemba ubomi. Yintoni nje lo kwi yoncwadi aphakathi kunokubonwa kulo mbongo wabe esithi "Divine Comedy."
Nobudlelwane iqala kwi Renaissance, kufutshane ixesha elitsha. liphezu yalo iyabonakala ngokucacileyo umzekelo idumileyo kule inkcubeko yehlabathi umbongo yimizekeliso - ". Faust" Goethe kaThixo Out zobumnyama balo scholasticism, ngokuyilahlela umoya hobbled, imvakalelo yakhe azilutho beqhawe eqaphela imfuneko wokukhanya, inkululeko kunye ulonwabo lwako konke. Eyona ukwambula "yiWalpurgis Night Classical": Kwesi sahluko, funda ukulangazelela ukuba ubukho simahla kwaye zendalo kwi incarnation zixhaphakileyo lokomfuziselo - classicism ngezinto zakudala.
Yintoni nje lo kuncwadi Mpuma, kuba kubonakala phezu imifuziselo yaseTshayina Japanese: ukuba iitekisi Indian yamandulo kwi umoya kufutshane Asia Minor kunye yamandulo (imifanekiso nokuthelekelela), iinkcubeko ezingabamelwane kwindawo yokuqala umfanekiso enkondlo. Kucingelwa apha poeticize zonke: ebomini, ukuxolelwa - ngenxa yemifanekiso yinto enye.
ESoviet Union. Kwilizwe longanyelwe xi nokuhlelwa engqongqo, vula kuphela kukuzukisa inkqubo kwaye ulahle ngodaka iintshaba eceleni. Ababhali musani awele kuyibika yembono, tshintsha ulwimi of Aesop. Oko kukuthi, kwakhona, nje lo. Imizekelo uncwadi - "Mfundisi noMargarita" iprozi Pasternak kunye Platonov. Strong isigqibo yimizekeliso - umbongo lokugqibela "eMoscow-Petushki" V.Erofeeva ezine ulawulo wesihogo eziqulathwe isimilo umngcatsha ngenyatyhowa iqhawe "emqaleni."
Ixesha of postmodernism. Kwakhona, imbeko yimizekeliso nje. Imizekelo kwiincwadi - imveliso Pelevine kunye Sorokin. Kuba ixesha elithile kuqala otkachnulsya: Kubalulekile mntu izimvo kunye nonikezelo novakalelo.
ibhulorho eSoviet phakathi elithile kunye intsimbi imisebenzi ekhoyo kunye B. Strugackih. fiction Science bavame ukulindela elizayo. Yabhalwa kudala, "nzima ukuba uThixo" yaye "Omiweyo Island" - ukuba nje lo zicacileyo eRashiya yanamhlanje.