Yintoni kohlaza? Ezibangela kohlaza. Apho kohlaza eyenzekayo?

izifundo ezininzi kudala lubonise ukuba ubungakanani bomhlaba ochumileyo kwiplanethi yethu lehla ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngokutsho izibalo lokuqala, izazinzulu, kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, malunga nekota komhlaba ofanelekileyo ukuba zithengiswe aphume ukuze. Kweli nqaku liza siya kugxininisa koko kohlaza, kunye nezizathu ivela kunye nefuthe eziphilayo.

ingqiqo jikelele

Le mbono "kohlaza" uye ntonye eziliqela. Ngokukodwa, ikwabizwa ngokuba kohlaza, Sahel syndrome kunye ukuyilwa okuqhubekayo kwiintalango. Phantsi kwale meko okanye imodareyshini yinkqubo ukuthotywa ilizwe okwenzeka kwindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Iimbangi ezingundoqo kohlaza, ezo zabelwe zizazinzulu - ngumsebenzi wabantu kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iindawo ehlabathini kukho iindawo apho iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezifanayo entlango. Ngonyaka ngenxa le ngxaki ehlabathini elahlekileyo amalunga neshumi lezigidi eehektare zomhlaba ochumileyo. Ngaphezu koko, izazinzulu ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi Singamangqina rhoqo ukuqhubela phambili le meko.

iingxaki ukuqaphela

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala uluntu uyiqondile ubunzulu bengxaki waza waqalisa ukuthetha into kohlaza, ngeminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane lokugqibela. Unobangela imbalela enkulu kwi-African kwindawo endalo i Sahel, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni indlala ezinkulu kulo mmandla. Ngenxa yoko, ngowe-1977 e-Nairobi (capital of Kenya) phantsi kwephiko le nkomfa UN yabanjwa, owona mxholo uphambili leyo ukuchonga unobangela eziphambili kunye namanyathelo yokulwa ukuthotywa mhlaba.

Eyona eziphambili ze yokungenelela kwabantu

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kukho izinto ezimbini ezingundoqo kohlaza - izinto zendalo kunye nemisebenzi yabantu. Nangona ngowokuqala kubo, abantu abakwazi kuchaphazela nangayiphi na indlela, ngoko ke meko iphuculwe kungenxa yesibini. Imisebenzi zixhaphakileyo ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe okuqhubekayo ezinkqantosini, dlelo, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwaye ngqiqweni umhlaba olimekayo, kunye kwamahlathi ezinkulu kwimimandla ngokoma kulo mhlaba.

izilwanyana

Kule nkomfa UN, izazinzulu zikhankanywe ngasentla weza ngazwilinye ukuba ukudla uhlaza wemfuyo uhlobo ixhaphakileyo yokungenelela kwabantu ngokwendalo, ekhokelela kohlaza. Kulo mzekelo, ibhekisela yokuba ngoku, kwakunye kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-amathathu eyadlulayo, imfuyo, aziyeke izilwanyana ngeyunithi komhlaba nganye kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu yi overpriced kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni njengotyani mlomo ngaphandle rhoqo, kwaye umhlaba yakhululeka. Oku kukhokelela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ngokonakala iimeko ukukhula kwezityalo nobuntlango.

ukusetyenziswa ezingenangqondo umhlaba olimekayo

Lo mba ke yesibini ngobukhulu yobubi. Ngqo, kukunciphisa ixesha komhlaba zolonwabo, ngokunjalo umhlaba elima, ibekwe kwi nasemaxandekeni, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni ukhukuliseko kunye nokuncitshiswa nohlaza. Le meko kolu phuhliso ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamalweyile ngendlela zinambuzane, apho iveliswa ngenxa isichumiso umhlaba. Ngaphandle kokusebenza kuzo oomatshini enzima kwezolimo kuqinisa umhlaba, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni iba iintlobo luncedo zezidalwa eziphilayo (umzekelo, yimisundululu).

kwamahlathi

Enye indawo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu ekhokelela i Sahel Syndrome, waqala ngobuninzi kwamahlathi. Iindawo zixhaphakileyo apho kohlaza na ngenxa yesi sizathu, naba mmandla exineneyo-Afrika, nto leyo kweli xesha lethu umthi yinto ebalulekileyo yamandla. Bona ingqalelo enye yengingqi ngokoma iplanethi yethu. Isibakala sokuba imfuno zabahlali bengingqi iinkuni zedini zokufudumeza kunye nolwakhiwo, kwakunye ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ukunyusa ubungakanani bomhlaba olimekayo, kwakhokelela ukuvela apha le ngxaki yehlabathi.

into yemvelo

Ukongeza nemisebenzi yabantu, kukho oonobangela endalo kohlaza. Phantsi yempembelelo ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngumoya, ukunciphisa etyuwa lomhlaba kunye noqhagamshelwano, kwakunye ngenxa amanzi ukuthotywa, oko luqhubeka kuphela. Ukongeza, progressive ukuyilwa intlango iphenjelelwa ukuhla zendalo imvula, okoko ukungabikho kwabo kukhokelela kuphela kuphuhliso, kodwa ekuqaleni kwale nkqubo yintlekele.

Impembelelo lizwe

Ukuthetha into kohlaza, singasathethi ifuthe layo elibi kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kumazwe amaninzi. Abanye kwexesha eyadlulayo, abameli izifundo World Bank sele luqhutywa lelinye lamazwe ibekwe kummandla kommandla Sahel zendalo. iziphumo zabo yabonisa ukuba ukwehla kule mali lwezibonelelo zendalo kukhokelele ekunciphiseni GDP yayo amabini ekhulwini. Ngokutsho komnye umthombo, imali iyonke yonyaka-mali, nisamkelela urhulumente ngaphantsi, abaphethwe ingxaki komyalelo ka-42 ezigidi US zeerandi. Omnye wemiphumela ekonakaleni kohlaza ibe ukuvela zochuku nezomhlaba ngenxa besaphula abemi imida kumazwe angabamelwane beyofuna amanzi kunye nokutya.

impembelelo abantu

iindawo kohlaza babe unciphiso kakhulu kwemveliso yezolimo, kwakunye uluhlu izityalo abahluphekayo. eziphilayo yazo nyaka ngamnye sibi alukabinako ukwanelisa iimfuno zabantu ezisisiseko. Ukongeza, kuba imimandla zibonakele kummandla yimpembelelo yayo, waba ukwanda uphawu kwenani sandstorms, ngesiphumo yona uphuhliso abahlali asekuhlaleni usulelo lwamehlo, allergies kunye izifo zemiphunga.

Konke oku, nto, nakanjani na ukuvela yingozi kubantu abahlala kungekuphela nje kule mimandla, kodwa kwakhona ngaphandle kwabo. Inyaniso kukuba i-Sahel Syndrome kukhokelela ukwehla komgangatho wamanzi okusela, kwentlenge amadama ezikhoyo, kwakunye nokuqiniswa neetyuwa emachibini kunye nemilambo. Ukongeza, ishishini unesifo ezifana imveliso yokutya. Ngokuchasene imvelaphi sokwanda kwenani labemi behlabathi oko kunokukhokelela yindlala okanye ukungondleki.

iindlela zokumelana

Ukuthetha yintoni kohlaza, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ukujongana nale ngxaki kuyingxaki kakhulu. Ukuze ngempumelelo silwe ukuvela kwi Sahel Syndrome kufuneka uthathe iindlela ngeendlela, equka ngokwako imiba yezoqoqosho, ezolimo, imozulu, ezopolitiko kunye nezentlalo.

Enye yeendlela ethembisayo kuze kuxoxwe ukoyisa le ngxaki kucingwa ukuba ukulima imithi umhlaba olimekayo. Oku kunciphisa uphuhliso ukhukuliseko olubangwa ngumoya kwaye zinciphisa ukuphuma komphunga kokunyakama komhlaba. Ukongeza, kukho amanyathelo zasekuhlaleni ukuphucula imeko. Kakhulu ngempumelelo kugqalwa ukwakhiwa iindonga udongwe okanye ilitye macala amasimi kunye nezityalo wefula. Kulo mzekelo, ukuphakama 30-40 cm baya kwanela ngenjongo yokulibazisa kwezulu. Okona kubalulekileyo, uluntu waseMadibeng ubuncinane ulwazi olungundoqo lwendlela yokunyamekela ezi amadama yinqobo kuye.

neengxaki

Ukushwankathela, simele sinikele ingqalelo into yokuba subjects ezifana ne kohlaza, amanyathelo ukuze zilwe nokuthintela njani esandula abantu baye besiba-ajenda engundoqo iinkomfa ezahlukeneyo eququzelelwe weZizwe eziManyeneyo. Akumangalisi oku, kuba ukuthotywa umhlaba anako ukuba kuchaphazela abantu abamalunga neebhiliyoni enye emhlabeni; saza isahlulo sesithathu lomhlaba wezolimo zonke ezikhoyo. Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi e-Afrika, Australia, South Asia, kwakunye kwiingingqi ezithile kumzantsi Yurophu.