Ukuguguleka komhlaba kunye nezizathu zokuvela kwayo

Ukuguguleka komhlaba yindlela eqhelekileyo apho umhlaba nomhlaba kubhujiswa yimilambo kunye nemifudlana yokuncibilika, imvula, imvula kunye nokunkcenkceshela amanzi okanye imimoya. Umonakalo ovela kuloo mpe mbelelo uninzi. Ukuguguleka komhlaba sele sele kuletha iihektha ezili-2 zelizwe lezolimo, kubandakanywa umhlaba wokulima (iihektare ezingama-50 zezigidi).

Umhlaba uyinkqubo yokuzinyusa, nangona kunjalo, iminyaka engama-300-1000 iya kufuneka ukuze ubuyisele ubungqingili obunobunzima obungama 2.5 cm.

Iintlobo zokukhukhula komhlaba - ngamanzi kunye nomoya (ukungcola).

Iifom ze-Erosion ezithintela ukulima umhlabathi; Idala imifula, ngelixa iyanciphisa indawo yomhlaba izityalo; Ukutshabalalisa iindlela, umhlaba wezolimo uphuphuma . Kwiindawo eziphezulu zentlambo emfutshane, umgca we-chernozem uncitshiswa kakhulu okanye uhlanjululwe ngokupheleleyo, ochaphazela isivuno.

Izizathu zokukhukhula

Ubungakanani bokuvela kwenkqubo yokukhukhula kwamanzi buchaphazela kakhulu imeko yemozulu, ukuxhaswa komhlaba, ukukhushulwa komhlaba, izityalo kule mimandla, imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kunye nezinye izinto.

Ukuguguleka komhlaba kuxhomekeke kwimeko yemozulu, kuba iinkqubo zokukhukhula ziqiniswa ngenxa yokutshintsha kweqondo lokutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza, ubungakanani kunye nobukhulu bemvula, isivinini somoya kunye namandla. Ukususela kumaqondo atshisayo aphantsi, umhlaba ukhululeka kakhulu, kwaye ukunyaniseka kokuqhaqhaqhafaza kweqhwa kuthintela izinga lokuxutywa kwamanzi emhlabathini, obonakaliswa kumanzi, ukukhupha nokukhukhula.

Ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kwintsiba yintlambo (efana neyobubanzi, ilayini), isicwangciso kunye nokunkcenkceshela (ukunkcenkceshela).

Ukuba ebusika ukusuka kwimithambeka ikhephu ithathwa yimimoya eqinile, umhlaba awubala, ukhululeka kwaye uvimbela i-meltwater ukuba ibandakanyeke. Oku kubangela ukuqhuma okukhulu kwamanzi.

Umoya uphinde uthinte inqubo yokukhukhula kwamanzi, ngenxa yokuba ibuyele iqhankqalaza kunye nentuthuko, ikhuphe emithambekeni ibe yimifula, imitha, njl njl.

Ukuchaswa kuxhomekeke kumandla omandla omoya, uqala ukuvela kwijubane malunga ne-12 m / s kwindawo ephakamileyo malunga ne-10 m ngaphezu komhlaba.

Isantya somoya sixhomekeke kwisigqubuthelo semifuno. Kwiindawo ezihamba phambili, kwi-steppe, isivinini somoya sifike nge-30 m / s, kwaye kwindawo yamahlathi kunye nehlathi-i-steppe ayincinci.

Ukunciphisa kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhukhula komoya, kodwa ubuninzi babo bubangele ekuphuhliseni ukukhukhula kwamanzi.

Ubungakanani bentshabalalo luchaphazeleka ngokukhutshwa, ubude kunye nobude beentlambo, ububanzi bomhlaba. Ixesha elide kwaye lihamba phambili, ummandla omkhulu uwonakaliswe ngumkhuhlane kunye nemiphumo embi kakhulu.

Imeko kunye nemimandla yendalo ibonakala kwinqanaba lokutshatyalaliswa. Ngoko, i-qualitzem efanelekileyo, i-chernozem iyahlukaniswa nokunyanzeliswa kwayo, ukuguqulwa kwamanzi, ngoko ke ukukhukuliseka nokuhlamba kuwo kuncinci.

Ukuguguleka komhlaba kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni komatshini womhlaba. Kwiimeko zemvelo zokukhukhula komoya, umhlaba okhanyayo unokuthi ukhangeleke - unxweme kunye nesihlabathi esiliva. Umhlaba otywalayo uphantsi kwe-deflation kuphela kwimeko epholileyo, enobuhlungu. Imithombo ye-carbonate isonakaliswa ngumoya - i-chestnut kunye ne-chernozem nenhlabathi. Iihlabathi zeSolonets kunye ne-solonetzes zinyanzele umoya.

Ngenxa yokhuseleko lwezityalo, inkqubo yokukhukhula komhlaba iyancitshiswa kakhulu okanye ipheliswe ngokupheleleyo. Iimpembelelo zemvula yamanzi iyancwiswa yimifuno eninzi, ezinye zealwelo zigcinwa kumaqabunga ezityalo, kwaye ingca iyacotha ngokukhawuleza ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Ukuchithwa kwemimoya kuncitshiswe xa umhlaba uhlanganiswe ngotshani obungapheliyo, okhusela umhlaba kwimiphumo yemvula yamanzi kunye nemimoya, ukunyuka kwamanzi okunyuka.

Umsebenzi wezoqoqosho wabantu unempembelelo enkulu kwiinkqubo ezenzileyo . Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani leentlobo ezihlwayelwe izityalo ezizalisiweyo, ukunyuka komhlaba kukhula.

Ngomsebenzi ogqithiseleyo owenziwe ngomhlaba, uphuthulwa, okwandisa ukukhukhula komoya kunye nokukhukhula kwamanzi. Ukutywina komhlaba kubangela ukuhamba kwintsimi yocingo lwemveliso enzima, elinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi, ukunyusa ukuhamba kwamanzi, iiflethi kunye nezifoloko.