Device khulu

Khulu - sisixhobo ebalulekileyo abaphandi kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango. Ukusetyenziswa kwe sixhobo ukuba izazinzulu ukwenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke umdla ukwazi ukuba icebo ngemicroscope, kuba yintoni injongo isetyenziswa, yaye ziziphi iintlobo kwesi sixhobo.

Imbali emfutshane zesayensi

Enyanisweni, ukuze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi izazinzulu kuqala owavela neemicroscope namhlanje ubunzima, kuba ezingamakhulu ambalwa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, uphando kunye neerekhodi abazange ngqongqo kakhulu. Kakade ke, ilens yokuqala kunye nezinye ukunyuka izixhobo baqalisa ukusebenzisa ixesha elide. Kodwa ke umhla elivela neemicroscope compound yokuqala ixesha ukususela 1590 ukuya 1610. Yaba e laqala eli xesha ukufumana ulwazi ukusuka abaphengululi ezahlukeneyo ukumisela iyunithi ukuze abangaboniyo ukwandisa izinto ezincinane.

Abanye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba neemicroscope yokuqala yasekwa ngu Hans kunye uZekariya Janssen ngo-1590. Kwelinye icala ngokusesikweni ukukhulisa yaziswa UGalileo Halley. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba laqala ukwanda kwinkqubo yokuqala usebenzisa Antonie Leeuwenhoek iibhate. Unokubona ukuba kwenkcazelo yembali ziyaphikisana.

Kakade ke, kwi-1600s zixhobo ezo zifana mihla kancinane. izixhobo khulu kwaba ngokwaneleyo inkqubo elula uyayenza lens ezimbini, esebenze kuphela apha emini. Kamva lwasungulwa ukusebenzisa izipili ekhethekileyo ingqalelo umqadi ukukhanya.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi izixhobo ezinjalo.

khulu ukukhanya

Esi sixhobo mhlawumbi eyaziwayo wonke iintsuku zesikolo. isixhobo izigidi akukho nzima kakhulu. Le fowuni iquka iinxalenye ezimbini. Icandelo mechanical yenzelwe nitrogen kwenkqubo woqondo kunye usebenziso olulula. iindawo oomatshini zigqalwa enemilenze emithathu, ityhubhu, ayithandayo yeqonga, ezibanzi ne mikrovintiki.

Inxalenye kokugcina ye neemicroscope yenziwa lenses kunye neenjongo. Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona inkqubo ethile Izibane, nenoxanduva zokuqokelela ukukhanya, uyazikhomba umqadi ukukhanya ulithumele kwindawo ekunene. Inkqubo umbani iquka sombane ekondensa esipilini. Ezinye iimikroskopu kuba izibane esezantsi-ombane eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi.

khulu wokohlula

Olu hlobo isixhobo enombala kodwa ezinye iiyantlukwano. Le fowuni ilungiselelwe ukufunda ebizwa ngokuba izinto anisotropic, kuquka izimbiwa, iimveliso zebhayoloji neeplastikhi. Hi ndlela leyi, ezi zinto inye kufundwa phantsi neemicroscope esiqhelekileyo, ndiphethe kuphela ezimbalwa kwayo okucoca wokohlula.

khulu binocular

Ngokungafaniyo isixhobo ngasentla woqondo, le microscope kuphela lens enye kodwa lenses ezimbini. It kuphula izinto phantsi ingqalelo. Kakade ke, kunye isixhobo akakwazi ukubona iiseli. Binocular yenzelwe ku dyondza namalungu amancinane zesityalo, amalungu isilwanyana, iiminerali, njl Emva khulu enombala ngenxa yokwanda enkulu na ukunika amathuba ukuqwalasela izinto zalo ubukhulu.

electron microscope

Olu qambo yeyona impumelelo inkulu kwinzululwazi, enyanisweni ivumela ukuba siqwalasele izinto, ukwanda ngamaxesha ayo amawaka aliqela. Kakade ke, isixhobo izigidi nzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Njengoko lisetyenziswe apha inkqubo ukukhanyisa akukho umqadi ube mnye ukukhanya, kwaye ejolise umqadi electron. Loo isixhobo yenza kube lula ukuba aqwalasele nokuba neenkcukacha ezincinane kwinqanaba subcellular. Ngoncedo lwakhe, siye zisafundwa organelles leeseli izinto eziphilayo, kwakunye njengoko kuxoxwa isakhiwo ngamasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kokusungulwa microscope eye wavumela abantu ukuba benze linyathelo elikhulu kuphuhliso yenzululwazi.