Russian insimbi non-ayoni. Geography insimbi ayoni

Iinjongo eziphambili ze yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni le nezokukhupha nokusulungekiswa lwesinyithi kunye repartition zabo, iirenti kunye nokuveliswa aluminium. ERashiya, uqoqosho, ishishini lidlala indima ephambili kakhulu. Xa inani iidiphozithi zesinyithi non-ayoni, ilizwe lethu yenye yeendawo zokuqala ehlabathini.

ICandelwana le-kumacandelo aphambili

Zonke izinyithi non-ayoni zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: enzima (ilothe, nobhedu, nezinki, inkcenkce, njl ...) Yaye ukukhanya (aluminiyam, nemagnesium, titanium). Ngako oko, iinkampani zoshishino bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu. Kwakhona, icandelo intsimbi umbala yelizwe yohlulwe:

• copper;
• kuhola zinc;
• tin;
• ayibe-nickel;
• aluminium;
• Tungsten kunye molybdenum;
• ezimayini zegolide;
• serebrodobyvayuschuyu;
• platinodobyvayuschuyu;
• titanium magnesium.

Okuqukiweyo isakhiwo kolu shishino nesinyithi non-ayoni eRashiya, kananjalo inkampani wokombiwa kwedayimani.

NgokoMthetho ezichaza esimi

Ukubekwa zesinyithi non-ayoni kuxhomekeke inani elikhulu yeemeko ezahlukeneyo zendalo kunye noqoqosho. Noko ke, eyona ebalulekileyo ukuze ithathelwe ingqalelo:

• izinto zemvelo. Uninzi apho overlain ngamashishini abebala ore oxhomekeke yeqela enzima. Nokulunga wokuhlola yedeskthopi ahle kunye nesinyithi non-ayoni eRashiya, njengoko kwamanye amazwe, nto ngokulingana ngqo.
• Energy. Lo mba kunempembelelo enkulu phezu indawo iifektri iingcali nemveliso nokuqhutywa bobabini ukukhanya enzima.

imboni copper

insimbi Non-ayoni eli qela kweli lizwe lethu ikakhulu zibekwe kwi Urals. Ingakumbi kwindawo eyabelwe Krivogorodsky, Krasnouralsk, Mednogorsky kunye nezityalo Sredneuralsky. Ethatha inxaxheba ngobhedu enemigodi kummandla Revda Sverdlovsk, kummandla Orenburg naseAya, Baymak Sibay (Bashkortostan).

amashishini ezinkulu ze gesi kunye nokuqhutywa obhedu ezikhoyo eSiberia (Norilsk kunye Monchegorsk).

kushishino nickel-ayibe

Indawo lamashishini eli qela na uxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ekrwada. Russia imelwe yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni yale nkqutyana candelo izityalo ikakhulu metallurgical imimandla ezifana:

• Kola Peninsula. Apha geni kwaye zilungiswe e-engundoqo sulphide ores zobhedu-nickel.
• Esezantsi ye Yenisei River. Lo mzi-mveliso inkulu ukugaywa ekrwada sulphide ise kwisixeko Norilsk. Iveliswe kule sityalo platinum, ayibe, nickel, nobhedu nesinyithi ezithile kunqabile.
• Urals. Amashishini mmandla ukujolisa ikakhulu ekusetyenzweni ores oxidized. Bona ibekwe kwizixeko ezifana Orsk, Verkhny Ufaley, Dir.

kushishino Lead-zinc

Companies kweli qela ibekwe:

• North Ossetia (Sadonskoe endle);
• ummandla Kemerovo (Salair);
• ummandla Chita (Nerchinsk imali);
• ummandla Primorsky (Dalnegorsk).

imboni tin

Ogxile izinyithi non-ayoni eRashiya le nkqutyana candelo ubukhulu becala kwimimandla ephelisa imveliso ogqityiweyo. Amanye amashishini nabo elime kule umendo kanzulu zothutho impahla eluhlaza. Oku kwadala ukuba tin esizigubungeleyo ikakhulu iidipozithi abancinci geography loo shishino. Kwaye ke kule meko ukwakhiwa izityalo enkulu kunye nawo usebenze. Ngaphandle izinto ekrwada imboni tin ngokwayo unezinga eliphezulu transportability.

Ngokusisiseko, izibonelelo zesinyithi non-ayoni, ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo kwiMpuma Ekude kunye naseMpuma eSiberia. Amashishini inkulu kule mimandla zithathwa zizityalo Sunny, Sherlovogorskaya, Hrustalnensky, i-ESE-Hay.

imboni aluminium

Ezona mpawu ziphambili yale nkqutyana candelo ziquka ukusetyenziswa lwamashishini ezikumgangatho ophezulu kakhulu izinto kuphela. Boksidy misela ikakhulu:

• Northwest (Boksitogorsk);
• Urals (Severogorsk, Krasnoustinsk, Kamensk-Uralsky).

iidipozithi ezinkulu izinto ezifana nepheline, ikakhulu kwi Kola Peninsula (Kirovsk) naseMpumalanga eSiberia (Goryachegorsk, Achinsk).

Uninzi lamaziko ekuveliseni metal ukukhanya izinto kunokuba isuswe ngamandla. Aluminium insimbi Russia, kubaluleke kakhulu amandla kakhulu, imelwe ikakhulu ngamashishini akhiwe kufutshane imithombo efikelelekayo eneji - isikhululo samandla kagesi (e Volkhov, Kandalaksha, Volgograd, Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Shelekhov, njl ...).

kushishino titanium kunye wemagniziyam

Umgaqo ibalulekileyo ngokubeka le amashishini eli qela nayo kufuphi imithombo yamandla cheap. Ukuba izityalo ukugaywa wemagniziyam kusekho kungenziwa akhiwe kufutshane iidipozithi zempahla ekrwada, kwizakhiwo titanium phantse lonke kwakhiwa kufuphi kwisikhululo samandla ngamanzi. Ikakhulu amaziko nonferrous yokunyibilikisa isinyithi Russia le-kwicandelo lenkqubo bebekelwa kwi Urals. Plants ukugaywa aluminiyamu zidla zibekwe kwiindawo losetyenziso yemveliso ugqibile.

kwishishini legolide-lwezemigodi

Le yenye maqela ibalulekileyo iinkampani amashishini ezifana yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni eRashiya. On nokombiwa kwegolide , ilizwe lethu kuthatha 5-6 indawo ehlabathini. Ngokutsho loovimba ezifanayo esiqinisekisiweyo - owesibini. In tsarist Russia intsimbi elixabisekileyo misela yaye alungiswa ingakumbi kummandla nezikhukhula. Okwangoku uninzi lwabo sele ndidiniwe. Ngoko ke, eyona nto iphambili ngoku ekuphuhliseni iidipozithi zaseprayimari.

Gold kwenzeka ubukhulu becala eSiberia, eMpuma Ekude kunye Urals. Isabelo enkulu kwimveliso wayo uvela emigodini:

• Udereysky. Olu lwam ibekwe kwingingqi Krasnodar.
• Soloviev. Yeyona yeyam endala inkulu kummandla Amur iingcali ekuveliseni kombambi webhola yegolide.
• Nevyanovsky. Kananjalo wam omdala kakhulu, nto leyo kuvulwa ngo-1813.
• Grad. Kule wam okokuqala kwimbali diamond Russian.
• Ksenevsky.
• Condor. Oku iphuma elitsha kuvulwa kwi 60s. Misela apha igolide kuphela, kodwa platinum.
• Dambuki. Lo akukho namnye, kodwa zam ezimbini: amatsha kunye namadala kunye.
• Altay. Kwathi kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50, kodwa ke igolide isekhona ngokwaneleyo.

Inkokeli zamashishini nokombiwa kwegolide yeyona OJSC "Polyus Gold", uphuhliso ekhokelayo Irkutsk, Magadan, imimandla Amur kunye Krasnodar Territory.

wokombiwa kwedayimani

Ubume lolu shishino nesinyithi non-ayoni eRashiya, kuquka kuquka ushishino, ngokukodwa yokuba kuveliswe le kwezimbiwa anqabileyo. Eyona yasekhaya oovimba bayo kweli lizwe ibekwe Yakutia. Amashishini inkulu mmandla ayaphumelela kwaye wentlokoma, nama-75% yazo zonke idayimani geni eRashiya. Balala imibhobho kimberlite ku:

• indawo Arkhangelsk;
• indawo Irkutsk;
• Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Ezinokuba diamondiferous zezona ngingqi Leningrad kunye Karelia.

Elinemveliso uninzi yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni of Russia kweli qela, likhokela uphuhliso iidipozithi diamond zaseprayimari. Kwimigodi nezikhukhula oluqhutywa kumashishini kakhulu amancinci.

imboni Serebrodobyvayuschaya

Geography insimbi nonferrous le nkqutyana candelo kakhulu, ngokubanzi kakhulu. Uphuhliso iidipozithi zesilivere zenziwa ngaphandle kwilizwe lethu kwimimandla ezingaphezu kwama-20. Le nezokukhupha intsimbi anqabileyo, ilizwe lethu ubekwa kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Dukat ke intsimi nokhokelo kwiNgingqi Magadan.

platinum

Uninzi lo wentsimbi geni eRussia Urals. A lot of platinum kummandla izimvu, Taimyr kunye Kola Peninsula. Ethembisa kule nkalo ezo Karelia kunye nommandla Voronezh.

Nangona iimeko kunokuba zoqoqosho ezinzima, ahle kunye nonferrous yokunyibilikisa isinyithi Russia - ukuphuhlisa kunye noshishino ethembisayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amashishini eli qela le nxalenye abona inzuzo. A lot of kunikwa ingqwalaselo kwiinkampani zentsimbi kunye norhulumente.