Ebizwa njani na iiseli esikwaziyo ukuvelisa omzimba. Apho baba izilwa-buhlungu

Namhlanje siza kufunda indlela ekuthiwa ziiseli esikwaziyo ukuvelisa omzimba. Kwakhona ukuthetha malunga nenjongo kunye indlela yokuvelisa omzimba kakhulu. Cinga imiqobo zokhuselo lomzimba neentlobo sifo.

Kubalulekile Yintoni ukuqonda, phambi kokuba udlulele kumbuzo iphambili kweli nqaku? Lezibulala emzimbeni ubethwa iantigens. Izilwa-buhlungu kwakhona ngelinye igama - immunoglobulins, bakha udidi glycoproteins. Yintoni unoxanduva lokuyila lwesi sakhi kubalulekile? Kakade ke, amajoni omzimba ubunjwe yimibutho eyahlukeneyo:

• thymus;
• spleen;
• izakhiwo lymphoid.

Le yokugqibela kolu luhlu banoxanduva imveliso kweentlobo ezintathu iiseli:

• lymphocyte T;
• B-lymphocyte;
• Macrophage.

izithintelo Ukhuseleko umzimba

Ukuba umzimba siqulathe ezininzi iiseli (multicellular), oko iba anengqondo kudlula iintlobo iintsholongwane, eziphilayo, irhorho, njalo-njalo. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokusebenza elungileyo kwaye uzinzile omzimba, kufuneka thina imiqobo musani ukuba angene kungena izinambuzane emzimbeni. Kuzo zonke ezi ntsholongwane imiqobo ezintathu:

• ngesikhumba;
• isifo;
• ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo,
• indawo yangaphakathi emzimbeni.

Isikhumba kunye imifinya yangaphakathi - ayikho nje umqobo emzimbeni. La maqumrhu bayakwazi zivuze izinkcwe, nenqatha, iinyembezi, ukubila njalo njalo. Konke oku kubonisa ngozi ofayo amagciwane.

Njengoko kuba isithintelo esingqongileyo, ngoko kufikwa Cya eyingenelo, apho ibekwe phezu komhlaba ulusu kwaye bayakwazi ukulwa iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo.

Sibonile okukwazi yokugqibela. Oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukugcina okusingqongileyo rhoqo lwangaphakathi. Nazi utshaba:

• igazi;
• lymphoma;
• fluid Embi njalo njalo.

Ngoku kancinci malunga nendlela ekuthiwa ziiseli esikwaziyo ukuvelisa omzimba. Bona wabumba phantsi inyathelo B-lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte kunye macrophage. Bayibhalayo iiseli plasma, aqukiweyo kwimveliso omzimba kunye nokudlulisela labo ligazi. Kubalulekile ukwazi into yokuba ayizizo zonke iiseli onesiphumo benza kwimveliso omzimba, ezinye enze umsebenzi inkumbulo, ngenxa kwakhona isizukulwana xa kuthe ingozi.

Okukwazi neentlobo zayo

Sele ekhankanywe ukuba iiseli plasma ukuba ukhuphe izilwa-buhlungu, asingabo bonke ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ezinye zazo zigcinwa iantigens nemveliso omzimba, xa kukho imfuneko.

Ngoku siza kukhe sithethe ngayo iintlobo ezimbini sifo:

• ethile;
• nonspecific.

Uhlobo yokugqibela olwenziwe phagocytosis. Kufuneka ukulwa angena kulo iintsholongwane yalapha umzimba. Kungenxa yeso sizathu ke ngokuba "nonspecific."

Ngqo uyahluka ukuba idityaniswe kwi awakwazi. Ke ukunceda umzimba ukuba beze antibodies. Xa indima awakwazi ukusebenza kunye neentsholongwane, kwaye eziphilayo, kunye nezinye iiseli ezininzi ezahlukileyo kwezo ukuba umzimba.

amajoni omzimba kwaye kwakhona zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• iseli (yayo ukubonelela ziiphagocytes);
• humoral (antibodies ezifumaneka egazini labantu).

Ngoku vula kumba ngakumbi malunga nendlela ekuthiwa ziiseli esikwaziyo ukuvelisa omzimba. Kwaye, kakade, ukuchaza inkqubo inkangeleko yalo.

kumiswa unalo

Ngoko sathi, zibizwa ngokuba njani iiseli esikwaziyo ukuvelisa omzimba. Kodwa akazange ayikhankanye ngendlela zingena egazini.

Qwalasela inkqubo yentsebenziswano phakathi izilwa-buhlungu kunye awakwazi. Zicingele ukuba ndafumana umzimba langaphandle (iantigens), umz, iintsholongwane kwindawo zangaphakathi yabantu. Igazi sele lomzimba, ukuba igciwane ngaphambili eyangena emzimbeni womntu. Ukuba akunjalo, oko kudala entsha. Iantigens omzimba - kube kanye ephambene ingqiqo yexabiso. Ezi zizinto ukuba budibana nhla kunye isitshixo. Bathe ke kumkhawulela, baqale basebenzisane. Isiphumo yikhompawundi engasebenziyo kakhulu nibe.

Izilwa ziveliswa iiseli plasma kuyilwa ngokubambisana ngala macandelo alandelayo:

• lymphocyte T;
• B-lymphocyte;
• Macrophage.

Kubalulekile ukwazi kwakhona ukuba zonke iiseli plasma esikwaziyo ukuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu, abanye babo babe imemori ngokukhawuleza lokuyivelisa le lomzimba efunekayo kwimeko likakade.

omzimba

Sifunde ntoni apho kuqulunqwa izilwa-buhlungu, yaye oko kwenzeka njani. Ngoku ngokufutshane ngendlela ukuqondwa iantigens. Le omzimba ebandakanya iiseli igazi abafunyanwa:

• wamathambo;
• thymus (T cells);
• iindawo nkovu (B-lymphocyte).

Icandelo ngalinye abamelwe kudlala indima ethile, oko kukuthi, lymphocyte T ukubona iintsholongwane angaphandle kunye nokudlulisela ulwazi B lymphocyte. Ezi ke ukuvelisa omzimba eziyimfuneko.