Yintoni amandla lovukelo? imbuyekezo amandla lovukelo. Ukubalwa amandla lovukelo

Le zokuhlala kunye nasemakhaya, imitha yombane omnye ifakelwe, phezu apho ukubalwa kwintlawulo eneji edliwe. Simplistically ayekholelwa ukuba ubomi lisetyenziswa kuphela inxalenye yalo, nangona akunjalo. izindlu Modern ifumile izixhobo, iziphaluka leyo eye kwizinto bayeke sigaba. Noko ke, amandla lovukelo, nto leyo edla izixhobo, ngaphantsi lee kushishino, ngoko ke ngokwemveli babesilela ekubaleni intlawulo.

Isityalo okanye mveliso, apho ulawulo akuthethi ukulandela ukuhamba imisinga olwaye lwamfimfitha edlula wesekethe umthwalo, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu iinkqubo lwamandla yommandla kunye nelizwe ngokubanzi. umoya ngokupheleleyo ngamampunge shushu macala umgca zokuhambisa umbane lo; oyinkampani abaguquli ezifakwe kwi sezitishana, abakwazi ukumelana imithwalo, ingakumbi ngeeyure zikaxakeka.

Layisha ezenza kanye capacitive

Xa sithatha isifudumezi eqhelekileyo okanye iglowubhu yesibane, amandla ezicaciswe kule iileyibhile ezichaphazelekayo kwi iselwa okanye ipleyiti-nembasa, uya kunxibelelana udibaniso lwamaxabiso yangoku ayahamba na isixhobo, kunye ombane (thina 220 volts). Itshintsha Imeko ukuba ifowuni iqulathe sombane, ezinye iziqalelo equka inductors, okanye capacitors. La malungu babe iimpawu ezizodwa, igrafu ngoku elibaleka kuzo engasemva okanye ngaphambi lencinibakazi sine ye ombane unikezelo - ngamanye amazwi, ukutshintsha isigaba kwenzeka. Ideal ukuqhela ukulayisha kumda wesangqa capacitive ngu -90 kwaye zokuqala - +90 degrees. Isiphumo kulo mzekelo iba isiphumo nje umsebenzi ngoku ombane, into ulungiso lifakiwe. Kuthetha ntoni kukhokelela?

inkqubo reflection Geometric

Kakade geometry isikolo sonke siyazi ukuba hypotenuse linamalungu angaphezu nayiphi na amanye amacala amabini unxantathu elungileyo. Ukuba amandla esebenzayo, lovukelo kuyacaca zibe icala yayo, imisinga ndiyaphela coil kwaye isikhongozelo iya kuba kwi engile yecandelo resistive, kodwa imiyalelo kumacala angafaniyo. Xa ufaka (okanye, ukuba ukhetha, ukuthabatha, ukuba raznoznakovye) amaxabiso ngenxa kumda wesangqa, okt ngokupheleleyo amandla lovukelo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo umthwalo benamandla scheme iya ngqo phezulu okanye ezantsi. Xa ulwalathiso zakhe kugwetywa, yintoni na uhlobo umthwalo siyema.

amandla yovukelo ukuze zizongeze kumda wesangqa yecandelo esebenzayo wayenikela imali ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Oku kuboniswa njenge hypotenuse triangle amandla. Okukhona ngomnombo lo uza kuba isalamane umngxuma zazibekwe ukuya x-axis, ngcono.

ngengxa duy

Le grafu ibonisa ukuba angle φ lisekwa bezifo ezimbini, amandla epheleleyo kunye esebenzayo. Ngaphezu izimiso zazo ezahlukeneyo ngaphantsi ngcono, kodwa ugcwalise fusion yabo livimbela amandla lovukelo, egqalwa olungafunekiyo. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa ekujikeni, kungona umthwalo kumgca amandla, ekukhuliseni usehlisa abaguquli namandla nkqubo, kwaye Kwelinye icala, sakusondela ezo zithwala batyekele omnye komnye, kokukhona kuya kuba iingcingo shushu kulo lonke chain. Kungokwemvelo ukuba le ngxaki into ekufuneka uyenze. Kwaye kwafunyanwa isisombululo, elula ezintle. Olukhona njengembuyekezo amandla lovukelo nga ukunciphisa φ engile kunye esondele i cosine (ekwabizwa ngokuba amandla factor) neyunithi. Ukuze oku kufuneka wandise candelo yomzobo capacitive ukwenzela ukuphumeza zangoku livakale, apho "ukucima" nganye ezinye (kuhle ngokupheleleyo, kodwa xa kusenziwa - ngendlela omkhulu).

Theory kanye umkhuba

Zonke izibalo yeengcingane uxabiseke, kokukhona baya asebenzayo practice. Ukupeyinta na isityalo phambili mveliso zilandelayo: uninzi amandla ndiyaphela mafutha (yolunye, olungenangqamaniso, single-kwisigaba, ezintathu-isigaba), kunye nezinye noomatshini. Kodwa kukwakho abaguquli. Esi sigqibo ilula: kwindawo yokwenene production alawulwa izidubuli ngamandla ezenza ukuba indalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amashishini ukuseka imitha ngaphezu kwesinye umbane njengoko izindlu zokuhlala, kunye ezimbini, enye yazo iyasebenza, kunye nezinye - ungenza mabaqikelele ukuba yeyiphi enye. Kwaye overruns ilize "nokusukelana 'ecaleni imigca imizimba efanayo amandla yombane bahlawuliswe mercilessly, ukuze ulawulo kubaluleke unomdla enyanisweni, ukubala amandla lovukelo ukuthabatha amanyathelo okunciphisa oku. Kucacile ukuba ngaphandle capacitance ukuphatha ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Imbuyekezo ngemfundiso

Ngokusuka kule grafu ingasentla kucacile ukuba kungenziwa njani ukuncitshiswa imisinga olwaye lwamfimfitha ukuya ku ukupheliswa kwabo ngokupheleleyo, ubuncinane kwakuthiwa. Ukwenza oku ngaxeshanye kunye capacitor umthwalo ezenza ziquka amaxabiso capacitance kuzo. Le zithwala kwi ukongeza izakunika i zero, yaye apho kuya kubakho component esebenzayo luncedo kuphela.

Olubalo yenziwe ngokomgaqo wokubala:

• C = 1 / (2πFX), apho X - le reactance lilonke zonke izixhobo ifakiwe inethiwekhi; I-F - frequency ombane (thina - 50 Hz);

Kubonakala ukuba - yini kube lula? Qhamani «X» kunye nenombolo "pi" 50 EWE. Noko ke, yonke into nzima ngakumbi.

Kwaye practice?

Ifomula ilula, kodwa ukuba ukuchonga nokubala i X ayikho lula. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uthathe yonke idatha malunga izixhobo, funda reactance babo, kunye nefom kumda wesangqa kulo, kwaye ke ... Enyanisweni, akukho namnye ayenzi njalo, ngaphandle kwabafundi bekusetyenzwa elebhu.

Ukumisela amandla lovukelo kungaba enye indlela, ngoncedo isixhobo ezikhethekileyo - kwisigaba imitha, ebonisa ombane, okanye ngokuthelekisa ukufundwa kwemitha amandla, ammeter kunye voltmeter.

Nzima ukuba inkqubo yokwenene yemveliso umthwalo esoloko itshintsha, njengoko abathile oomatshini ekusebenzeni zibandakanyiwe, ngoxa abanye luqhawulwe kuthungelwano, njengoko kufunwa yi iishedyuli zemveliso. Ngako oko, amanyathelo ayimfuneko abasisigxina esweni imeko. Ebudeni ebusuku izibane ezisebenzayo, ubusika ezivenkileni ukuze ubushushu zezulu, kwaye ehlotyeni - injini yayo. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa izidubuli imbuyekezo amandla senziwa ngenxa yobalo yeengcingane ngezinga eliphezulu ngokwemilinganiso eziluncedo cos φ.

Nokuxhuma ukhupha capacitors

Eyona ndlela ilula kwaye icace kakhulu ukusombulula ingxaki - kutyala kufuphi kwisigaba imitha umsebenzi ezizodwa ngubani Yenza okanye likhubaza inombolo oyifunayo capacitors, ekufezekiseni ubuncinane zokutenxa kuyo ubunye utolo. Ngoko ekuqaleni niyenze, kodwa umkhuba lubonise ukuba into abantu notorious akusoloko kusenzeka ukuba kufikelelwe isiphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, imbuyekezo igunya lovukelo, leyo uninzi ezenza ukuba, uqhagamshelwano lombane lusenziwa kumaxabiso capacitance ahambelanayo, kodwa kungcono kwimo oluzenzekelayo, okanye umqeshwa kwenkathalo kunokuba lweshishini lweenkobe phantsi isohlwayo enkulu. Kwakhona, nasemigudwini abanezakhono ayikwazi igama, oko kakhulu iSADC matshini. Iskim elula iquka electron isibini enombala ye emitter kwaye akwamkele ukukhanya. Arrow sivale ixabiso elincinane - ngoko ke kufuneka ukongeza amandla.

Ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo and ukhaliphile ubuchule

Okwangoku, kukho iinkqubo ezikhoyo ukubamba ukholosile ke cos φ kwi uluhlu 0.9 ukuya 1. Ukususela uxhulumaniso lwe capacitors kuzo lwenzeka discretely, isiphumo abafezekileyo kungekho, kodwa ke isiphumo zoqoqosho oluzenzekelayo compensator amandla lovukelo namanje ikunika kuhle kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwale divayisi ubuchule ezikrelekrele ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza, wayedla kungekho naziphi na izicwangciso ezongezelelweyo. ukukhula kobuchule technology computer kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza uqhagamshelwano efanayo zonke izigaba beebhanki capacitor ukuze uphephe ukusilela ngaphambi elinye okanye amabini kuwo. ixesha Impendulo kwakhona inciphisiwe kwaye inductors ezongezelelweyo ukunciphisa ubukhulu zokuquba ombane ngethuba transients. Modern ibhodi yolawulo okutya ine ubeko ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza, leyo kudala iimeko uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza le meko umqhubi, kwaye xa kunokwenzeka ingozi okanye nokwaphuka, uya kufumana i alarm ngokukhawuleza. Ixabiso kwikhabhinethi elikhulu enjalo, kodwa ukuba ahlawule kuba kusifanele inzuzo nako.

device compensator

Common izidubuli compensator lwamandla ekhabhathini ezibengezelayo ubungakanani eqhelekileyo kunye panel esweni nokulawula kwiqela lenjongo ngaphambili, ngokuqhelekileyo kuvulwa. Ngelo emazantsi oko unesethi capacitors (ibhetri). Eli lungiselelo ngenxa bulumko elula: capacitances abasakwazi enzima, kwaye ngumnqweno kakhulu ubhalo ukwenza ubume womelele ngakumbi. Kwinxalenye engentla kwinqanaba iliso somqhubi, zezona izixhobo ulawulo kuyimfuneko, kuquka isalathisi isigaba, apho siya kugweba ubukhulu ombane. Kukho kwakhona ukubonisa ezahlukeneyo, kuquka-alam, izinto zokulawula (ukhanyisa nangaphandle, switsha kwi kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla, njalo njalo.). Uvavanyo bethelekisa ukufundwa of the boluvo zokulinganisa kunye nophuhliso izenzo zolawulo (ukudibanisa i capacitor wesiqhelo ezinqwenelekayo) wesekethe lenza, isiseko i isilawuli. Actuators asebenza ngokukhawuleza ngokuzola, bakholisa ukuba kwakhiwe phezu thyristors ngamandla.

Kubalwe eyiyona iibhanki capacitor

A amashishini chain elincinane amandla lovukelo kungenziwa kalukhuni kugwetywa inani izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo ngokungqinelana iimpawu zazo phase-eziguqukayo. Ngaloo ndlela, a eqhelekileyo injini olungenangqamaniso (main "plodder" kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezityalo) kwi umthwalo elingana isiqingatha yayo amandla rated, uye cos φ, lingana ne ukuya 0,73, kunye luminaire - 0.5. Ipharamitha izixhobo contact welding isusela ukusuka 0.8 ukuya 0.9, arc neziko isebenza kunye cosine ye φ, ilingana no 0.8. Tables ezifumanekayo phantse yonke wamandla, idata kuzo zonke iintlobo izixhobo mveliso, yaye pre-ufakelo imbuyekezo amandla lovukelo enokwenziwa usebenzisa kubo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi data zinika kuphela isiseko apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza utshintsho ngokongeza okanye zokuqhawula iibhanki capacitor.

kuZwelonke

Mhlawumbi ukunika uluvo lokuba yonke ukukhathalela unikezelo ombane kunye umthwalo ngokulinganayo imeko ilele phezu mveliso kunye namanye amashishini mveliso. Oku akunjalo. inkqubo Energy elawula isigaba shift kwinqanaba likazwelonke kunye zommandla, kanye uphume iimpahla ukusuka emandleni ayo ezizodwa. Omnye umba kukuba imbuyekezo yecandelo lovukelo lingapheleli ngokudibanisa iibhanki capacitor, kwaye enye indlela. Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho abathengi amandla olunikwe kwi engathi ivili le adjustable icala ngoku oko kukuthi umbane yolunye akuyongxaki enkulu.