Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Liaoning". Aziwa ngayo nesinqanawa China

China ayithenge Ukraine ngo-1998, sidle owayesakuba carrier moya yiSoviet le Navy "Varyag" yaye ngowe-2002, ekugqibeleni ndiyifumene. Emva kokuba refit enkulu kwindawo yokwenza nokulungisa iinqanawa e Dalian ekumntla China i uthiwe esigunyaziswe Septemba 2012 yaye igama le "Liaoning 'imbeko wasemntla-mpuma kwiphondo. Umsebenzi ophambili enqanaweni - kusebenza njengendawo yokulahlela yoqeqesho weenqanawa Chinese ukuze bafumane amava ngokusebenza carrier moya mihla, kwakunye ukuphuhlisa ukuphucula ubugcisa eziza kusetyenziswa xa beyila yaye neenqanawa kule klasi sakhiwo.

imveliso ukubola

Ngaphambili, umdlali ophethe moya "Liaoning" wayesaziwa moya-ephethe Cruiser enzima "Riga". Yaba inqanawa yesibini ka-Project 1143.5 (class "Admiral Kuznetsov") eSoviet Navy. ton-67,500 inqanawa ilele phezu kwesi yokwakhela Sea abamnyama Nikolaev, eUkraine, 12.06.85 kwaye ngomhla 04.12.88. Oku uqambe "Varyag" ngoJulayi 1990. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union ngowe-1991, ubunini nto wasiwa eUkraine. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali ukwakhiwa yemiswa 1992. Ngelo xesha, 70% ophethe moya lakhiwa. Ngokwemo, inqanawa sele sigqityiwe, kodwa kwakungekho kwezikhali, bombane kunye kwisisu semoto.

China okwesihlandlo sokuqala yaba nomdla kwi "Varyag" ukuthenga ngo-1992. Abameli Abasemthethweni of China batyelela emkhombeni, emi phezu kwini Nikolaev zalapho, kodwa thethwano ziye engenasiqhamo ngenxa yengxabano ixabiso. Ngenxa yoko, i "Varyag" engagqibekanga wahlala esemkhumbini ungajongwangwa kwiminyaka emi-6. Ekupheleni kuka-1990, i-uthiwe yayithengiswa yathengwa yinkampani yaseTshayina e Macau for $ 20 yezigidi ukuguqulwa ibe yekhasino edada kunye epakini. Isivumelwano kunye Ukraine lakuphelisa umthengi ukuba basebenzise inqanawa ukulungiselela iinjongo zomkhosi. Phambi ngokuthengisa zonke izixhobo ezontathu wachithwa.

Ukususela yekhasino idada ukuya aziwa Navy of China

Ngowe-1999, iminyaka eli-11 emva kokuba ngokubhengezwa, "Varyag" Ekugqibeleni wayishiya esemkhumbini, eqhutywa aze amtsalele kuye eziliqela ongqingqwa East Far. Noko ke, ukuba uthiwe akavunyelwanga ukuba adlule kwi Bosphorus urhulumente Turkish ngezizathu inqanawa yi de-akukhuthalele kwaye inkulu kakhulu umngcipheko ezinye iinqanawa kunye izinto Strait. "Varyag" yayimi kufuphi Strait kwiminyaka emithathu. Emva kokuba urhulumente yaseTshayina wangenelela kwaye ngo-2001 Turkey wadlulisela $ 1 yezigidi njengesiqinisekiso, inqanawa ekugqibeleni avunyelwe ukuba aqhubeke nohambo lwabo.

NgoNovemba 4, "Varyag" yaba uqhwithela point-10 waziqhekeza ankile kufutshane nesiqithi yesiGrike Skyros. Emva iinzame ezininzi ezaphanzayo kwakhona ulawulo lwe enqanaweni, kukho ntaka of the Greek Coast Guard asuswa amalungu enqanaweni-7. Emva kokuwa xa uzama aqhoboshele matiloshe yeflakisi intambo Ukruthakruthwano wafa Haliva Champion. Isitya kwakhona phantsi kolawulo ngosuku olufanayo.

Emva uhambo lixakekileyo "Varyag" ngoMatshi 2002, ekugqibeleni safika Dalian zalapho ekumntla China yaye apho phantsi egadiwe. Ngexesha kwacaca ukuba le nqanawa na kwi usepakini, uya kuguqulwa ngonaphakade. Endaweni yoko, ukuba wasiwa Navy of China lophando kunye nokubuyiselwa. Kunye emkhombeni, China uye wafumana imizobo kunye namaxwebhu projekthi. Ngo-2005, ophethe moya sele isiwe ukuhlukana olulophu Dalian zalapho ayiqabe zithuthi ezingwevu aselwandle e-China.

umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa yagqitywa ekupheleni kuka-2006. Ngoko ngo-Apreli 2009, inqanawa ndatshintshelwa kwelinye owomileyo-ingxenye ukufakelwa iinjini kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinzima. Ufakelo waqala ngasekupheleni kuka-2010. Ngo March 2011 superstructure kwi kumgangatho aphezulu kwaba epheleleyo, wayigqiba ukupeyinta kunye banikwe isusiwe.

"Inqanawa Research"

NgoJuni 2011, intloko labasebenzi yaBantu Liberation Army, Jikelele Chen Bingde iye yaqinisekisa ukuba China owakha i yenethiwekhi moya. Yaba ukuvunywa lokuqala esemthethweni ubukho umsebenzi onjalo. July 27, iSebe China ngayo woKhuselo weSizwe wabhengeza ukuba bekuya kwakhona kubaxhobisa isitya for "uphando lwezenzululwazi, uhlolisiso nezinto ngeenjongo zokuqhutywa koqeqesho." Izilingo ulwandle yeentsuku ezine zokuqala inqanawa kwenzeka ngo-Agasti, waza waqalisa kuthotho yesibini iimvavanyo ngoDisemba, ngaphambi kokuba abuyele efektri kugqitywe.

September 25, 2012 inqanawa ngafakwa ngokusesikweni ukusebenza phantsi igama elitsha ophethe moya "Liaoning» (CV-16). NgoNovemba, iSebe lezoKhuselo waqinisekisa ukuba umlweli Chinese J-15 bagqiba ngempumelelo wowulungela na ukuba le kunye nezixhobo kunqandwa. Press China kubonisa ukuba uqeqesho labasebenzi liya kuqhubeka iminyaka 4-5 de inqanawa akayi ukufikelela kwisakhono sawo eliphezulu.

moya sinendawo-based

Aziwa ngayo nesinqanawa Chinese moya carrier "Liaoning" abe moya elifutshane, aerofinishem yaxhobisa. Thatha-off ibe lula phambi kwam ngeempumlo kwiziphambuka engile 14 °. Ukuma lixhotyiswe intambo brake. iilifti ezimbini kwi lomkhumbi moya kwicala move ukusuka yokuma ukuya kumgangatho yokubhabha.

USS "Liaoning" okwaziyo ukuthwala 24 "ukrebe flying" - mlilo kumgangatho emininzi Shenyang J-15, kuquka abo double lobeko - Uqeqesho karma J-15S. Ngaphezu koko, ibonisa iintlobo-ntaka shipborne, kuquka ntaka imveliso Chinese Changhe Z-18, Z-18J AEW kunye Z-18F ASW, Harbin Z-9 kwakunye Ca-31. Lilonke inani iinqwelo- abathuthwayo - iiyunithi 36.

izikhali

inkqubo antiship enomjukujelwa "Variag" yafakwa ekuqaleni "Granite» (SS-N-9 Uqhekeko). Isindululi sele lidilizwe intengiso wenqanawa eTshayina, kunye nesiseko enomjukujelwa - ngexesha loguqulelo, ukunyusa ubungakanani yokuma moya.

USS system "Liaoning" lixhotyiswe elifutshane uluhlu umoya zokhuselo, apho ubunjwe iinkqubo ezine enomjukujelwa yokhuselo HQ-10 (FL-3000N), nganye umndululi enomjukujelwa-18, efana nenkqubo RIM-116 ezisetyenziswa yi-US Navy. Ukuguqulwa izikhali ezimfutshane-ibanga "umoya-to-moya» Y.-90, HQ-10 zixhotyiswe nge-radar ezimbini zezenzi, i intloko homing infrared kwaye uluhlu ubuninzi kweemitha 9000. Zibonisa ukuba intloko infrared ozimeleyo eziphuculweyo uguqulelo esebenzayo kwaye uluhlu ubuninzi 10000 m.

Ngaphezu koko, USS "Liaoning" lixhotyiswe iinkqubo ezimbini izixhobo elifutshane uluhlu lwe-1030, nto leyo imele i umphanda-10 ngobuwena 730 kwinkqubo uhlobo CIWS. To ndiyindla-10 30 mm gun 2 abondliwayo ukuba ibhokisi 500 emthethweni. Enye Isitolo ngokuqhelekileyo icala detachable iimbumbulu isikrweqe-lihlaba. nemoto engenanto uphoswe phambili ukusuka ezantsi nkqubo. Umpu ilawulwa evela ngaphandle, kukho izinga eliphezulu 3.5-6 amawaka. Kuqhume / min. ezihambelana ukudubula kuphela 3000 m, kodwa iinjongo ngokuqhelekileyo abachaphazelekayo kumgama 1000-1500 m.

iinkqubo Unxibelelwano ubhaqo ekujoliswe

yenethiwekhi moya eTshayina "Liaoning" lixhotyiswe zixhobo navigation onjalo:

• radar target uhlobo ubhaqo 382 Eagle S / C (phezulu lwemasti iqhotyoshelwe apha);
• radar elwandle;
• umlilo ulawulo radar HQ-10 SAM;
• Radar target uhlobo ekufumanekeni 346 neqela kwimiboniso ezine eriyali esebenzayo kunye kuskenwa ngomatshini kwi kwebhulorho;
• radar-moya;
• radar navigation;
• antenna zonxibelelwano;
• maza.

isityalo amandla

yenethiwekhi Aircraft "Liaoning" lixhotyiswe kunye powerplant umgangatho ofanayo ukufakelwa wenqanawa "Admiral Kuznetsov" Russian Navy. It iqulathe boilers 8 ezine turbines umphunga seelitha 50,000. a. ngalinye. Inqanawa kufakwa izileyi ezine inqwelo selizwi esisigxina.

Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Liaoning": Tartus

Ngo September 2015 ingxelo ukuba flagship weenqanawa Chinese Yadlula Suez Canal kunye esingise kunxweme Aram. Israeli website intelligence wamajoni bathi yenethiwekhi moya "Liaoning" wafika e Tartous, Syria, sikhatshwe umjukujelwa Cruiser guided. Ukufika ezontathu kunye ntaka, kulindeleke phakathi-Novemba ngqo kwi China nge Iran okanye ngoncedo moya zothutho Russian esekelwe kwi enqanaweni kunye nesiseko Russian kufuphi Latakia.

ingcali chinese emkhosini wakhanyela oku. Waqinisekisa ukuba China akasayi ukuxhasa naliphi na iqela okanye abantu e-Aram, ukunamathela ngendlela efanelekileyo kwaye injongo kulo mba. Ukongeza, kukho umthombo waseSiriya wamajoni ukuba akukho umkhumbi Chinese akazange aye kumanzi waseSiriya indawo.

luke South Sea China

Uphi na lo yenethiwekhi moya "Liaoning"? Inqanawa seliza amanzi eTshayina kwaye isebenza show ngamandla kule ngingqi, apho imeko iyakhula eminyaka, kwakunye uqeqesho abasebenzi kunye Aviation yomkhosi. Emva kokuba umkhombe yesibini yale yeklasi iya kwakhiwa kungekudala, kodwa kuphela imveliso yayo. A sokufezekisa yokuqalisa moya ukuze zisetyenziswe kwakhona, nto leyo, nangona ivumela moya ukuba athwale impahla ngakumbi, xa kuthelekiswa ne ngamandla catapults umoya, esetyenziswa phantse bonke abathwali moya ye-US Navy akakwazi.

Neenqanawa ezimbini kule klasi, China liya kuba lilungu iklabhu elite - linani leenqanawa ezisebenzayo kuphela eItali ne India. Ngaphandle lo US Navy kaThixo iinqanawa ezilishumi likhulu ehlabathini.