Yintoni na ke nokwehlukana ukukhanya?

Ukuba imini ekwindla esingenamafu ukujonga isibhakabhaka, nokudangazela lwesakhiwo eliqaqambileyo aluhlaza ezulwini akayi kungamohlwayi nabani na akanankathalo. Yintoni uchaza umbala omhle? Isizathu lakhe iinkalo ezintathu - refraction, nokuphalazeka kwelifu kunye nokwehlukana. Xa iphepha yanamhlanje siye sithethe malunga nokuba yintoni kanye le nokwehlukana ukukhanya.

Ukukhanya yenye yeendidi radiation magnetic, ke ngoko, luphawulwa imvelaphi kunye nendlela. Ngaphezu koko, umntu kufuneka ungalibali ngendalo yayo ezimbini: kwimeko nye, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, na lokutshangatshangisa, kunye nezinye - isuntswana (photon). Nokwehlukana ukukhanya - yenye iimpawu nayiphi radiation kuluhlu optical. Xa ukuhla nokunyuka nokwehlukana umqadi ukukhanya amasuntswana okujoliswe phezu ezinqamlezayo, kwenziwa enye indiza. Amanye amacandelo bayakube.

Indlela elula ukuqonda umzekelo wento nokwehlukana ukukhanya. Bonisa i intambo ende zilahlwe tye phakathi kweendawo ezimbini. Intambo singena slot nkqo kwi plate-nenkcula. Ngoku, ukuba omnye isiphelo ukuba sithathe bese amaza ifomu, bafika kwisigqibo esahlukileyo kuphela kwimeko zihambelana kunye noqhoqhoqho kwi ikhaka, ie, nkqo. Xa uzama ukususa intambo tye (ekhohlo-ekunene) ngumtshangatshangiso uya kubuyekezwa kamsinya nje afikelele ikhaka, kuba ayinayo "ukulicudisa" phesheya isikhewu. Kulo mzekelo, intambo - an radiation ikhaka magnetic - transparent (okanye ngaphaya kwawo medium), kunye umsantsa - ipropati ethile medium.

Ekubeni ukukhanya - i i wave magnetic, kuxhomekeke kwi zithwala ngamandla ombane kunye ngemagnethi. Basoloko aa Incopho na omnye komnye yaye, ukongeza, benza inqwelo-moya eziqingqiweyo nkqo kumgca andise otshangatshangiswayo. Ke kaloku, nokwehlukana setyhula lokukhanya kwenzeka ukuba zithwala yoqheliso Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye intsimi sombane izalathiso zijikeleziswe kuthelekiswa umqadi ukukhanya. Ngenxa yoko, le oscillations ze kumda wesangqa ye yombane ubunzulu intsimi kwi-moya ofanayo moya ngamaza otshangatshangiswayo electromagnetic kwenzeka. Igama lakhe phakathi ezibonisa inkqubo efanayo - ". ngamaza linearly" i

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, yemisebe-athom ye umyinge enye ukukhanya isoloko ngamaza. Ngelo xesha, ukuba wobhobhozayo ubalaseleyo ibhalbhu, ilanga, amakhandlela, iithotshi njalo njalo. Unpolarized. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba imitha avela ezahlukeneyo athom, apho nokwehlukana eyahlukileyo. Ngako oko, ukuhamba iyonke ulahlekelwa yokuqhelaniswa nezifundo. Nokwehlukana ukukhanya ngezinga elikhulu kuxhomekeke iimpawu iziyobisi okanye ilungiselelo-athom kwayo crystal emkhusaneni (kwizinto eziqinileyo, umz, ziikristale ngaphaya). Kwenzeka ukuba, amalinge okuqala lwenziwe ziikristale, nalapho ke kuphela, izazinzulu ziye zihlawulwe ingqalelo okusingqongileyo sukube (umoya). Kulula ukuqonda ukuba nokwehlukana ukukhanya kwakhona ixhomekeke indawo njengombukeli (isivamvo, a photocell, njalo njalo). Ngenxa yoko, ukwandisa engile ephakathi kwicala umthombo wokukhanya kunye kumda wesangqa ezibonisa indlela umqadi, lo nokwehlukana kwandisa. Ukuba izikhombisi parallel, phantsi kweemeko bekucingwa, akukho nokwehlukana.

Kukho kwakhona ngobuwena sesithathu - ngokungaphelelanga ngamaza ukubhobhoza ukukhanya. Le uqwalaselo kwenzeka xa oscillation nakolu intsimi yombane okanye induction magnetic (bezifo).

Inyaniso ukwazi: iliso babantu ngokulula ukwahlula phakathi ngamaza (umbala inkalo ukukhanya) kunye lazo, kodwa ukubhaliswa nokwehlukana ifumaneka ngokungathanga ngqo. Kwangaxeshanye, izinambuzane abaninzi ngamehlo aso bahlule ngokugqibeleleyo nokwehlukana lencinibakazi. Kukholelwa ukuba kubanceda ukuba ukuyisebenzisa.