Yaye ceba Apho i "Tetris"? I "Tetris 'okokuqala kwimbali

Kwisiqingatha sesibini yee- zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abantu abatsha phantse onke amazwe twirled zinto ezandleni zika-Cube a Rubik kaThixo. Kungekudala indawo nto ayithandayo kufika umdlalo omtsha, nto leyo efunekayo ikhompyutha siqu.

ukuthandwa ezingahambi of "Tetris" kunye kubangelwa

fane Mass ezazihamba ukuvela yokudlala entsha, kunzima ukuchaza. Kunye nabalandeli abatsha, kunye nabasebenzi ezingwevu-iinwele emfundo kunye inkanuko efanayo klatsat izitshixo, ezama ukufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha. Kwakubonakala ukuba impumelelo kwakuxhomekeke zonke ngekamva labo. Kwathi ke, emva kokusebenza epheleleyo yokusebenza yinjineli okanye umdwelisi nkqubo wahlala "kancinci ukudlala" kwi computer centre, wahlala phambi esweni kangangeeyure.

Nangona computer abantu abaqhelekileyo ayikwazanga bafumane kuthengwe zabo iimfuno imibutho kunye namaziko. Uninzi aba matshini "Robotron" GDR ulwazi zemveliso iimpawu kakhulu nganto kwezinye phones mihla mobile. I "Tetris" wokuqala enjalo ikhompyutha. Umdlalo yayilula, yaye loo nto icacisa ethandwa ekhethekileyo, leyo wakonwabela.

nomlando

ESoviet Union perestroika baqalisa linengxaki systemic yavela emva gqira kunye ngeminyaka benkulungwane XX. Ebibekiwe ayiphikisani-avareji owodwa nobonisa kushicilelo nokuthengiswa zobunjineli nobugcisa abasebenzi, isiqinisekiso semfundo kunye nokulungisa iimeko eziphathekayo yokusebenza-abahluphekileyo lobomi, nazo maxongo rhoqo kakhulu. Ukuphuma kwezibonelelo zabasebenzi kwicandelo non-nemveliso zoqoqosho kunye norhwebo abucala-lwentsebenziswano.

Prestige imfundo ephakamileyo uya bhanyalaza ngokukhawuleza. program World-class wabulaleka yangamaziko zophando ezininzi, ukuzama ukuphila kwimivuzo ubuhlwempu, ukuthenga umbane iyehla ngenxa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba ukudilika kwamaxabiso. Enye yezi zizifundiswa waba engafunwanga Alexey Pajitnov, owayesebenza Computer Centre of USSR Academy of Sciences.

Russian isikhali

Kwi-USSR, oko yasungulwa izixhobo ezininzi kunye nobuchule baye bafumana isicelo amazwe ingqalelo kude phambili ngakumbi ithekhinoloji. Nabasunguli ngokufuthi wahlala ayaziwa, kwaye amalungelo abo wathimba abantu ngamandla ngakumbi abanobuchule ngokusemthethweni, ukuze bazuze ukusuka ukuqaliswa kwezi ezintsha. Umbuzo owasungula "Tetris", ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezifanayo, kukho impendulo ethile kakhulu. It Pajitnov, ummi waseUSSR, njengoko isiphelo liye laba uphawu amandla kushicilelo yelizwe lethu.

Ude ngokuqhula isiqingatha kakhulu batyholwa phantsi amandla ukuziphendulela eUnited States. Amagosa ntlanu, kunokuba zijongene kunye nemiba yokhuseleko zenyukliya, ubukrelekrele kunye qhinga jikelele, wenza ujikeleza izikwere ezidityaneswe, ezama ukuba ngemikrozo zicocekile kwaye bachitha ixesha elininzi ixesha nkonzo. Amaphepha emibuzo apho ceba "Tetris" wayengekho, ngoko ke kuthiwa - ". Russian isikhali"

Kutheni livele "Tetris"

Ukwazi imbali ukuvela lo mdlalo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba uphuhliso yayo kuye phantse usukelo wobomi sisazinzulu obalaseleyo. Le nto kakhulu ntiyiso. Eneneni Pajitnov, lo Umsunguli i "Tetris" ayikho ezikhethekileyo ekwenzeni izinto zokudlala. Yena wayenza imicimbi enzulu. umsebenzi wakhe yesayensi sasinolwalamano kunye nokudalwa kiberintellekta. Puzzle efana "pentominoes puzzle" wenza ukuba abonise iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ubhalo uphawu ingqondo yoluntu ukucinga.

Zadalelwa kuye kunye nezinye izixhobo ezibonwayo ukulungiselela ubuchule ngengqondo ingcaciso. ubuchwepheshe bee-computer ngoko umthamo abambalwa kakhulu, kakhulu kunokuzenza ngoku, ngoko ukwanda waba "Tetris" ngaphezulu (apho amanani zenziwe "iityhubhu" ezine) kunye hayi 'pentomino "(apho kwakukho izinto ezintlanu). Umdlalo nako inkqubo elula umzimba anti-ukwaluphala. Oku kubonisa ukuba imizamo inkqubo okungenisa akusoloko ngokwaneleyo ukubuyisela umonakalo ngexesha lobomi, kunye entropy azuze.

"Tetris" kwi West

Nabani owavela "Tetris", oko kukuthi, Alexey Pajitnov, akazange nangoko waqalisa ukufumana izahlulo imveliso yawo. Oku kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba mvume ngamazwe kunye nokukhuselwa kokuqamba. Le nkampani kwi UK "Andromeda" kuqala wavakalisa umnqweno bafumane oshicilelo elidityaniswe ngqo umbhali. Ukuya eWest umdlalo sele avuza kwaye wafumana nabalandeli bayo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, oosomashishini abaninzi umnqweno imali kuyo.

UMlawuli "Andromeda" UMnu Stein wakhokela Pajitnov kwi TV, apho anikela CBS channel kwakhe ubomi, ukuba wonk 'ubani owavela umdlalo "Tetris." Kwinkqubo ndlebe kwacaca ukuba umbhali kunye nomnini onke amalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi ezingekafumani ukuba iphazili penny yayo othandwayo, nangona 'Microsoft "yaye" Spectrum Olobayt "sele wasondeza emarikeni iimveliso zabo.

Ukusungulwa kunye nomvuzo

Lodwa yemeko Soviet kurhwebo lwangaphandle, yaye kweli cala neziphumo ezimaxongo. Isikhokelo Association "Elektronorgtehnika" Eqonda Ekugqibeleni ukuba into ebonakala abafazazana encinane ezinjengezo amanani eziwayo inokuba ngumthombo imali enkulu kakhulu, bangena kwisivumelwano kunye Stein. Kulo mzekelo, akukho namnye wacinga ukuba basayine imvumelwano neSebe ngokwabo Pajitnov. Ngokwemigaqo yenkqubo yolawulo-umyalelo, akunamsebenzi owasungula "Tetris", eyona nto eyenza kube ungummi eSoviet (lo ayithethi aphikisane), yaye ngenxa yoko iingeniso kufuneka kongezeleka kumatshini ingenalo novelwano.

Bayahlelwa umsunguli

Career Alekseya Pazhitnova lenze kakuhle, ubuncinane ngokwalo eziphathekayo. Le uhlelo onesiphiwo uneminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo yamava kwi nkampani "Microsoft", apho anakho amathuba self-zokuqonda. Imisebenzi ukuba yenza puzzle nelunzima kakhulu uninzi wamenza edumileyo, kodwa ukuze kwandiswe nomtsalane zemveliso ngabo ngeenjongo zokukhuthaza ukukhankanya ukuba umbhali nguye owasungula "Tetris", Alexey Pajitnov ngokwakhe.

Ekupheleni koo-ndaya bhalo malunga 'Russian omtsha "(yaba umfanekiso ethandwayo lihlekisayo ibhatyi nemfusa umxokelelwane wegolide entanyeni yakhe), awawuthengayo ikhompyutha kuyabiza kakhulu kwaye mihla. Ngelo xesha ke wabeka umthengisi yimeko engqongqo: "Ukuba 'Tetris" akuyi kusebenza, undazise! "Kusenokwenzeka ukuba wenkqubo onesiphiwo Alekseya Pazhitnova uya kukhunjulwa iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi kuphela njengoko Umsunguli izinto zokudlala nemudrenoy. Okubuhlungu ...