Indlela yokusebenzisa i theodolite? Isixhobo se ekutshekisheni Ukulungiswa theodolite

Umgangatho zolwakhiwo into ixhomekeke ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Uluhlu lwezinto ezifunekayo ekwenziweni koviwo ingcali kuvela: .. Ukwakhiwa umbandela, uqhagamshelo ukuthembeka, ukuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko lokwakha, njl kuqwalaselwa ngokwahlukeneyo ukucatshulwa imigca zejiyometri, apho kwenziwa umsebenzi wofakelo. Ukuthintela iimpazamo ezinxaxhileyo ekwakheni isixhobo iziyilo, iinjineli basebenzisa theodolite. A isixhobo sokulinganisa ikuvumela ukuba ukuvavanya ukuchaneka yokutshata engile nkqo yaye tye. Icebo ke sisixhobo esincinane, umsebenzi ufuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba imisebenzi yokwakha kufuneka ukujongana umbuzo ukusebenzisa theodolite ukufumana ezona ziphumo echanekileyo.

Le fowuni theodolite

design Classical ludibaniso ityhubhu emehlweni kunye nezinye izinto abayibambe ngayo. ezi zicwangciso enokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke imodeli - mbono esilungiselelwe nokulawula ulwalathiso. I-pipe ivumela kukulinganisa angle mpo kunye nemisebenzi tye yenziwa yi ivili zabo, nto leyo ubunjwe kwesebe kunye ialidade.

Ukusebenzisa yokusondeza optic unocanda kunokuthathwa ithagethi kwi imigama emide kulo. Kwaye akukho mfuneko izixhobo ezinjalo kufuneka iqukwe kwiphakheji esisiseko. Yandisa uluhlu esixhobo ngaphandle ilahleko ngokuchana kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokukhanyisa. Kuba lula yesixhobo ukubukela ikhutshwa kunye eyepiece ukuba ezikalini cross-hlula. Ukongeza, imodeli geodetic inika indlela yokuzikhusela. Ngokukodwa, umgca theodolite ilungiselelwe nitrogen kwindawo uthi abe istili ukuthintela umngcipheko ngokutshintsha sikhundla.

Umgaqo nokusebenza isixhobo

Ngokubanzi, isixhobo umsebenzi ingachazwa njengento analog yomsebenzi sokulinganisa bamandulo inclinometer. Kodwa ke kule meko nzima "Akunakuba" ikuvumela ukuba enze iintshukumo ezifanayo ichanileyo kunye nentuthuzelo enkulu. Yonke intengiselwano zisekelwe kwimigaqo yobalo yemigca. data lokuqala wafumana zivele ngexesha lofakelo Ufundo sixhobo. Eneneni, kwindawo engundoqo ye umsebenzi kwi sixhobo njengomiselo oluchanekileyo. Okulandelayo, umgaqo amanyathelo theodolite kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kwezixhobo - mhlawumbi ibe woqondo-elektroniki okanye laser isixhobo eqhelekileyo,. Kwimeko yokuqala, umsebenzisi kufuneka ngesandla ukubeka izinto eziphathekayo ukuba asebenze amanqaku esalathisi izibalo. Ukuba usebenzisa imodeli elektroniki, uphawu kwiqanda aya kurekhodwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwixesha elizayo bonke kuxhomekeke into apho yenziwa izibalo. Kwakhona inika ingcaciso imisebenzi efunekayo, kwaye kumcimbi zihlandlo isixhobo inika inkcazelo malunga iimpazamo ezinxaxhileyo. Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ngakumbi iindidi yeyona ixhaphakileyo ifowuni.

imihlobo theodolites

Eyona theodolite eqhelekileyo enombala, apho obunikezelweyo njengenxalenye ngemicroscope, nto leyo enika ithuba ukuchonga abangaboniyo iimpazamo. Ngokwemiqathango ergonomics kunye ngqo yokulinganisa loluncinane ukhetho kakuhle, nangona engambi. Umsebenzisi we isixhobo ezinaloo ukujonga ngokuzimeleyo ukutenxa kule iinqwelomoya tye kunye nkqo ngokuphathelele izinto ezibekiweyo. A engxakini iimodeli ezamehlo lixhomekeke iimeko zangaphandle. Ngokomzekelo, abahloli ezininzi ezintsha esazibuza ukuba usebenzise indlela theodolite, ukuba ukukhanya akwanelanga. Ngaba kuphela ozikhethelayo yezibuko kukhanyisa. Kananjalo kufuneka yakhiwe ibe umzimba moya, kodwa kunjalo kuyimfuneko ukuba ngesandla.

imifuziselo Electronic zixhotyiswe kunye nabenzi boluvo ababanikezelayo ukufunda ubungqina imilinganiselo kunye edlulisela ukuba kwidispleyi. Oko kukuthi, akuyomfuneko umsebenzisi ukujonga kwikhusi kunye ngokuzimeleyo ubale ukufunda optical. Nangona kunjalo, imifuziselo ezinjalo avelana ntshikilelo ngoomatshini. Umzekelo, kwimisebenzi eziphathwayo ekupheliseni ingozi yokwenzakala yaye imivumbo ukunceda umgca ialidade theodolite kunye enemilenze emithathu. Kulo mzekelo, ungenza ungamthabathi isixhobo kweteleskopu. Ke ukuba iinguqulelo laser, ukuba isethi na isixhobo se-elektroniki. Ngesi izixhobo umahluko ekunokuthiwa yechaneke ngaphezulu laser checkpointing.

Ukungqinisiswa setyhula theodolite level

Kakhulu ekusebenzeni theodolite efunekayo yokuqinisekisa-level ngeenxa kunye reticle. Kwimeko yokuqala, umlinganiselo kwimibhobho yenzelwa ukuqinisekisa okukhona of nemigca enqamleze - ukusuka uthe isixhobo setyhula sokulinganisa kunye nenqanaba moya ujikelezo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba sidlalwe kunye nokunciphisa theodolite isoloko wenziwe ngoncedo nabalawuli ezizodwa. Kulo mzekelo, nesandi sidlalwe iqaphelwa balawula ngezikhonkwane kwesiqalekiso nezivumela ukuba kwiqamza abakwindawo eqandeni. Ngokunxuseneyo lo msebenzi, indawo efanayo kwaba bobabini kulandelelwa ekujoliswe nangeempahla ezibukhali zesinyithi.

Kutshekishwa imicu umnatha

Kwimeko ngenjongo reticle kukuqinisekisa perpendicularity ye-stroke tye. Kulo mzekelo, ibha nkqo kufuneka uhambe ngaxeshanye malunga nenqanaba esqwini ujikelezo. Ukungqinisiswa lwelayini ezithe nkqo lwenziwa ngendlela ilothe, liyanqunyanyiswa 25 m yenqanaba. Ngokutsho esilinganayo setyhula kuyimfuneko ukuba zazise esiqwini kwindawo engumnqantsa. Okulandelayo hlanganisa nemigca enqamleze ngokungqinelana kunye nesandi sidlalwe. Ngokumalunga tye kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba olu khetho kuqinisekiswa umenzi. Noko ke, kwezinye iindlela, ukuqinisekiswa kunye nokunciphisa theodolite lingaphunyezwa ngokuguqula kugqitywe yokuntsonkotha nasezimfanteni ngezikhonkwane entengo. abahloli Wawabona ungatshintsha indawo nezamazembe, ukuba eli ithuba kubonelelwe ukwakha.

isixhobo wokulungisa

Le nkqubo yenzelwa ukuphelisa zokwahluka okubangelwa kwiindibano ezingachanekanga isixhobo setting ngoomatshini. Umzekelo, isizathu sokuba imveliso sidlalwe yolu hlobo unako kakuhle kulawulwa kwinqanaba theodolite zezindlu apho ialidade ubonisa intshukumo bubble engamkelekanga. Ukulungisa ummiselo ngokwalo inika ngezikhonkwane inkanuko, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, ukunyenyisa Ipharamitha ialidade ukuze isangqa oxwesileyo iba ukufundwa kunye ubalo echanekileyo.

Nesilinganiso angela

Kwezi ndawo apho ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokwakha ezicwangcisiweyo, kubalulekile ukubonelela isakhelo okwethutyana. Ukusebenzisa theodolite ukuya enye iseti ekhethiweyo lamanqaku waqondisa uyilo eyepiece ukuba kuthathwe zero. Ukuze ekuqaleni inikeza yokufundwa ezichanekileyo, kufuneka ucinge ukuba usebenzise indlela theodolite kwi kolwabelo sezwe. Ukuze wenze oku, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa kwangaphambili kwindawo yokuqala isiseko esiqinileyo. Ngaphezu koko, imilenze inkxaso emhlabeni ziyaphunyezwa, kungakuhle nokukwenza nitrogen olongezelelweyo.

Wena ke ukuqhubeka ukubala engile. Ngokunxulumene loqalo lwencopho indawo ekhethiweyo iya kwenziwa kuzo izibalo ngakumbi. Kusenokuba engile nkqo, nasekubaleni tye. Isikali kunye zika ziya kwenza imilinganiselo esima encinane esiphoso. Kwimeko ka-electronic imodeli izibalo nto yenzelwa ukuba imizuzwana embalwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

abenzi theodolites

Esi sigaba ingachazwa njengento elikhethekileyo kakhulu kwaye yenzelwe kuyilo yobungcali. Ngako oko, iinkampani kule niche umelwe kancinane. Ngokwemveli, izixhobo umlinganiselo ukuba kwishishini lokwakha ezikumgangatho ophezulu uvelisa ADA ngokuqinileyo, kumgca apho ungafumana imifuziselo ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ibinikezelwe ngqo ngeprojektha umgca nkqo ye ADA nkqo. Ifanele ukuba ukusetyenziswa theodolite jikelele Vega Teo, kabani iimpawu ezi ubukho imiboniso emibini data abaliweyo ngokuchanileyo eliphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunye ergonomics kunye nokusebenza kwezixhobo kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule imali eninzi - malunga 50-60 amawaka engange ..

isiphelo

Kubonakala ukuba izikwere iseti eqhelekileyo izixhobo Self-sokulinganisa ingasombululwa ngokupheleleyo ingxaki iiplani. Kodwa njengokuba ukuntsonkotha ubuchwepheshe yokwakha kunye neemfuno ezikhulayo ukuchaneka zobukhulu zejometri. Ngoko ke, imibuzo malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i theodolite kunye zokulawula iiseyile yalo phezulu-zobugcisa, Ziyanda. Ayisendim ngokwaneleyo ukuba izakhono esisiseko baphatha isikali optical. Ukwenza ngempumelelo izixhobo yokulinganisa lwedijithali kunye laser kufuneka bazazi zokuhlolwa ukulungiswa. YoLungiso-sandi, nto leyo ebonisa ukuchana imilinganiselo, inikeza useto olunxulumene-ukusebenza mechanical inxalenye kunye isixhobo yokukhanya. Kwixesha elizayo, ukwanda ukuntsonkotha loyilo kunye nemisebenzi kubonakaliswe kukwenyuka umgangatho kwimisebenzi yokwakha, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa theodolites mihla ngokwabo azahlulele.