Ukumkani - ukumkani okanye akunjalo? Imvelaphi yegama

Encyclopedia of Russian ngokonga ukuchaza imigca embalwa ngemvelaphi nentsingiselo elithi "ukumkani". Le ukungenzi Lilishwa ke zonke ngakumbi okungaqondakaliyo kuba lo ulwimi Russian, eli gama rhoqo kusetyenziswa. Siya kuzama ukuba bakuxelele okokuba ungaya phi na ngolwimi lwethu lo mbono.

Imvelaphi igama elithi

Igama elithi "Ukumkani" - a lokonakala pronunciation yesiLatini uKesare ingqiqo (uKesare, uKesare), nto leyo eza ngolwimi Russian nge Byzantium. ERoma yamandulo, emva kokuba ixesha wokulawula okhanyayo Yuliya Tsezarya babiza umntu ukuba amagunya ngokupheleleyo. Nokuxubana bamandulo ookumkani abazange babe - onke amandla kwisikhulu. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, yaseYurophu Western aphakathi ekuqaleni ookumkani aba, kodwa ookumkani kuMbindi Mpuma, autocrats zonke inyathelo. Umzekelo, izimamva ezinokuthelekiswa ukukhumbula uKumkani uSolomon kwiNcwadi ABagwebi, unegunya mda kwaSirayeli mandulo.

Russia ephakathi

Ngubani na owaziyo ukuba kwakungekho onjalo khobokeni elide Tatar-Mongol idyokhwe, mhlawumbi i Rus amandulo, 'yaye aphathise le lobuzwilakhe tsarist njengoko ifom liphezulu. Kodwa ikhulu ambalwa iminyaka Mongol kulawula womelela impangele egameni yamandulo uhlobo Mpuma karhulumente. Ookumkani eRussia zonke iimpawu ze despotism Oriental uze kwimo yazo zenkohlakalo karhulumente ukhohlakale eentshaba, befuna ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo eli qela.

Ivan Grozny

Ixesha of the Russian Tsars yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha. Ixesha elide lombhodamo kunye Tatar ubungqwayi yafikelela esiphelweni. Russia liqiniswe yaye simanyene ngeenxa eMoscow ukubusa. I Tsar lokuqala Russian - yi Ivan Grozny, unyana Rurik ubukhosi enkulu, owayelawula kumazwe Russian kangangeenkulungwane. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba Ivan Grozny wabiza yena ukumkani asiyi kuba kwaoko. Iminyaka wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe, zonke amaxwebhu ecaleni kwegama lakhe isihloko Grand Duke zaphela. Kodwa apha Byzantium, leyo ingqalelo lo dade omkhulu ka-Russia, yawa phantsi Ukuhlasela baseTurkey. Isihloko umlawuli ingundoqo Ivan Grozny bambamba. Xa imimiselo amaxhwebhu ecaleni kwegama lakhe yaqala ukubonakala igama elithi "nguzwilakhe" - eliguqulelwa ngokuthi isihloko loMlawuli waseByzantium. Ngapha koko, ukuba watshata nomtshana leyinene kunye umlawuli yaseByzantium Sofe Paleolog. Ukuba umfazi Ivana Groznogo, abize naye kuphela abasemagunyeni eRashiya, kodwa amalungelo ilifa waseMelika kuzo zonke izihloko eMpuma uBukhosi baseRoma. Ukongeza isihloko 'ukumkani kurhulumente ", yena wadlulisela amalungelo ukuya ingubo ingalo. Ekubeni nguzwilakhe yoshicilelo kunye tsar Ivan elivelayo eya ukhozi, ngokuzingca ehonjiswe kanye kwimifuziselo nezibhengezo ze abalawuli Byzantine.

Ookumkani Russia

Emva kokufa Ivana Groznogo kwakungekho namnye umntu onelungelo ukuthatha indawo zoludwe le tsar eMoscow. NguDmitry ezininzi False kunye nezinye izicelo ekugqibeleni mercilessly bawasukela ukusuka zasebukhosini. Matshi 13, 1613 kwi Zemsky Sobor kwagqitywa ukuba inyule Mihaila Fedorovicha Romanova tsar, kwaye wambeka phezu kwetrone. Ngoko ke waqalisa unyaka ezilikhulu-amathathu wolawulo ookumkani Romanov ubukhosi - enye amakhosi edume monarchical ehlabathini.

Amakhosi nookumkani

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, xa iguqulelwe kwi ulwimi Russian elithi "Ukumkani" ulahlekelwa ixabiso layo yedwa. Kaninzi ngeelwimi zaseYurophu, kukho indawo elithi "ukumkani", nto leyo ncam into efanayo. Abongikazi kukumkani, yaye ukumkani ezahlukeneyo. ERashiya, ukumkani - umfundisi bukaThixo emhlabeni, loo nomondli umxhasi, umsindo wakhe ingqalelo lifana uyise, yiyo lonto endaphuma kumaxesha amandulo kuthi ibinzana elithi "ukumkani-uyise."

Le mbono "ukumkani" - umlawuli omkhulu kwilizwe elithile. Ukuba igama Russian "Ukumkani" - ntonye kuba ngumlawuli kwilizwe labo, kwindlela yokucinga yonxulumano yaseYurophu iya kuba yeBhayibhile ngakumbi. Ukuba utoliko ezahlukeneyo ilizwi elifanayo oko kwakhokelela ekubeni kwezinye iilwimi kukho umbhalo umdla ngayo eli gama twisisaka. King - it [tsar], [tzar] kunye namanye amagama afana zikhutshelwa kule leta ngeleta. Ngamanye amaxesha indawo yayo kukumkani elide.

Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba ngexesha lethu, xa umgaqo ookumkani ayisekho efanelekileyo, kwaye ingqiqo njengoko eso beziphantse ukumka. Le nto kakhulu ntiyiso. Ukuba ngoyaba le incarnation esidlangalaleni kwikota, ukuba lo mbono eqhelekileyo ngolwimi Russian kuphela ngendlela Nakuba. Namhlanje ukumkani - into grand, abazizityebi, enamandla, kwaye maxa wambi nje enkulu. Sonke siyazi malunga Tsar Cannon kunye Tsar Bell.

Bemdumisa sasemini okanye ilokhwe, siya ngaphambili ngelizwi "basebukhosini". Mhlawumbi eli lizwi ngaphezu kwaoko niya kukwazi kusimangalise nyaka nonyaka kwixwsha elizayo.