Kuyo nayiphi na isixeko esikhulu mihla ziye zavalwa emangcwabeni endala. Namhlanje, le amangcwaba basoloko zesikhumbuzo eyaziwayo, ngokufuthi endaweni yayo kuqhutywa ekuhambeni nokuba guided. Kwaye ngenene, kuyo nawuphi yamangcwaba ngokwanelisayo kwakudala, yintoni ukuze ubone uze ucinge ngayo. Ukuba unomdla kwesi sifundo, qiniseka ukuba kutyelela ESmolensk yamaLuthere Amangcwaba eSt Petersburg.
necropolis samandulo amaRoma eSt Petersburg
Ukuya ku-1917 iziganeko kwe revolution eRashiya, umlinganiselo abantu basemzini yayikhethekile. Iingcali ezininzi ishino izazinzulu ezisuka kumazwe aseYurophu zaye zabanjwa sixabise yaye esibenza ukuba basebenze kunye nesihamba eRashiya ngazo zonke iindlela, yaye kwaba zindala ukuba atshate nomntu wasemzini imvelaphi endilisekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, amaJamani, isiFrentshi kwaye amaBritane baye bafudukela kwilizwe lethu kunye neentsapho zabo lonke, yaye abaninzi kubo bahlala apha ngonaphakade. Yintoni ebalulekileyo, basemzini bahlala isimo sabo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha bafumane ingqalelo yoluntu okanye isikhundla esiphezulu baba lula kwe "ekuhlaleni" ewe. Ukusuka kwezi iindwendwe musa makakubuze ukwamkelwa ubuKristu Orthodox, nokuba ithini na imeko, ezi baseYurophu avunyelwa ukugcina ukholo lwabo kwaye ukufihla iinkolelo zonqulo. Kungenxa yesi sizathu esibangele ukuba 1747 ngokomyalelo Sinodi yaqala ukuhlela yokuqala eSt Petersburg, lo necropolis ngenxa ngokungcwatywa non-Orthodox. Kwaba njalo kwi kumazantsi eli Decembrists wabonakala yamaLuthere ESmolensk emangcwabeni got igama layo imbeko Smolenka umfula kufutshane.
Ngubani bangcwatyelwa necropolis of non-Orthodox?
Indawo uhlele imingcwabo "basemzini bamonisa ngabaqhekeki" yaye andinyulanga ngengozi. Eduze Vasilevsky Island, apho ngelo xesha babehlala a lot of iindwendwe. Ekubeni inani elikhulu iintsapho angaphandle abahlala eSt Petersburg rhoqo, baba amaJamani, inkcazelo bolunye uhlanga elinikiweyo waba uhlobo ntonye segama elithi "wasemzini". Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba emangcwabeni ESmolensk yamaLuthere kwaye ngoku ibizwa ngokuba "isiJamani". Enyanisweni, ukuba sangcwatywa apha kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwabo kwakukho abantu bezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Yentsusa mangcwaba Isicwangciso zabuya ngumzobi Trezzini. Yokungcwaba kwi necropolis kwiimeko ezininzi wenziwe nge bazenze eyodwa yonke imithetho ngelo xesha, njengoko isikakhulu yokusabela lokugqibela apha kuthatha abantu aziwayo, elihloniphekileyo esisityebi. amangcwaba zooyise, imifanekiso kunye amangcwaba olukhulu ngeyona zinokuhonjiswa - Kuyaziwa ukuba ESmolensk umngcwabo.
"Abenzi bemilingo" le necropolis
Ngowe-1836 kwagqitywa ukwandisa indawo yamangcwaba. Ngenxa yale projekthi, iBhodi ka St. Catherine Church kwathengwa umhlaba ngurhulumente uCeba biul. Ngenxa yoko, indawo lilonke necropolis lanyuka ukuya eka-15. Iye yasinda iirekhodi incwadi wangcwatyelwa 1912-1919 gg. Emva kokufunda eli xwebhu, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ngonyaka omnye ESmolensk yamaLuthere Amangcwaba eSt Petersburg banda kungekho mangcwaba ezintsha ngaphantsi kwama-350. Xa iyonke, ngokutsho iingcali, kule necropolis abantu malunga 25-30 lamawaka eyafakwa.
ESmolensk emangcwabeni ngasekupheleni XIX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX
Ngokusemthethweni necropolis de February 1, 1919 yaba kukuliphi le yamaLuthere Church of St. Catherine. Church Council ochaphazelekayo ezingaguquguqukiyo malunga kuphuculo mangcwaba kunye nokugcinwa ucwangco kuwo. Ngowe-1882, umzekelo, ukuba nkqu liqulunqe uluhlu lwamanxuwa ukuba zixhomekeke yokuvuselelwa okanye indawo. Xa iyonke, uluhlu kuquka ngaphezu kwewaka amangcwaba. Abo eziye yonakele kakubi kumaxwebhu yaye sigcinwe ibandla. Ngowe-1860, ibhunga ecaweni wathi ngokusesikweni isicelo yeKomishoni ubukho lwamangcwaba device kwi kwintsimi necropolis zezakhiwo kunye amangcwaba benkulungwane XVIII. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, lo gama kwi indawo yamangcwaba waba 83 5 amangcwaba, amangcwaba kweli xesha. NgoFebruwari 1, 1919 yamaLuthere ESmolensk emangcwabeni uhulumeni mazigqithiselwe kwiOfisi Commissariat for Internal Affairs.
lokuvala esisesikweni ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Kuba ubunzima mangcwaba na necropolis yavalwa ngo-1939. Kodwa nangona oku, kude kube phakathi kwenkulungwane XX bekukho zaqhutywa imingcwabo single. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iqala ibali ukuhla samangcwaba odumileyo. Ezinye amangcwaba zexabiso bathunyelwa kummandla necropolis ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, amangcwaba eseleyo ayegqunyelelwe ngcembe utyani, ezikhumbuzo zabo - ukubola kwaye iba. ESmolensk yamaLuthere Amangcwaba kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic waza wathabatha abafileyo orthodox. Kukho wahlelwa emangcwabeni kuba amajoni iLeningrad Front nosana okungaqhelekanga izibi. ukuhambahamba ngoMeyi 9, 1942 kwenye eziguqulweyo ka iLeningrad abantwana kunye tutors baya, iqela lonke kunye nabasebenzi kwesibonelelo babulawa phantsi umlilo zokudubula yotshaba. Abantwana bangcwatyelwa apha, engcwabeni ezininzi.
Abantu abadumileyo wafihlwa ESmolensk emangcwabeni
Namhlanje emangcwabeni uvelisa uluvo yayimbi. imifanekiso ezintle kunye namangcwaba yonakele kakhulu, malunga inkunkuma kunye senkangala. Ngelo xesha, xa behamba ecaleni imiqolo mangcwaba ingabonwa kuzo inxalenye ebalulekileyo yembali yalo mzi mkhulu. Qiniseka ukuba bahambe ecaleni nasezirhangeni endala cobbled - oku ngoku ESmolensk yamaLuthere Amangcwaba eSt Petersburg. Ngubani wangcwatyelwa apha? Iintlobo olukhulu amaxesha idlulileyo asemzini: izazinzulu, ababhali, abayili, amagcisa, oogqirha. lengcwaba okungaqhelekanga kunye umhlola ngamatye loluka Gaetano Ciniselli - owaseka Circus on Fontanka. Makhe siye phambili kwaye ubone wokungcwaba Schaub - labazobi idumileyo eSt Petersburg. Kwakhona kwi ESmolensk emangcwabeni sangcwatywa: Agafon Gustavovich Faberzhe (abaselula umzalwana othengisa uKarl Faberge), SK Greig and AK Greig (abaphathi) kunye nezalamane zabo, uKarl May (ngunozala Izabelo Meyi), UNikolai Fedorovich Arendt (Nicholas zonyango ileyibheli I), Mavrikiy Volf (umshicileli le magazini "Ehlabathini Lonke") kunye nabanye abantu abaninzi abadumileyo.
Yintoni na namhlanje emangcwabeni ESmolensk yamaLuthere?
Amafoto zithathwe ngexesha lethu kule emangcwabeni, zibonisa ukuba Ukubaleka kakhulu. Lo mmandla yakutshanje necropolis 7 malunga kuphela yeehektare. Ngowe-1985, inxalenye kummandla umngcwabo ligqithise ukuba kwakhiwe isikhululo ngomlilo, yaye emva koko, phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, hayi kude emnyango (emhlabeni samangcwaba) yayakhiwe zamafutha ezithuthi. Kakhulu kakubi eyonakaliswe ixesha abonakalisi beprophathi ESmolensk yamaLuthere yamangcwaba. Petersburg, nangona ingqalelo ikomkhulu yenkcubeko, kodwa onjalo ezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zokwakha kunye zonqulo isixeko kwabonakala ukuba ilibaleke. Interesting iqiniso - udumo kunye ukuthandwa necropolis yamandulo yawangenisa film ihlelo "Mzalwana", isiqephu le ngokwenene yenziwa apha - kwi ESmolensk umngcwabo. Kulo mfanekiso uyakwazi ukubona enye "eminqubeni" ongaqhelekanga nekulula - isango crypt. Yaye ukukhululwa movie kwikhusi inani labatyeleli abanqwenela ukutyelela emangcwabeni uthabathe imifanekiso, "ezifana kwi movie."
Indlela ukuya "isiJamani" yamaLuthere emangcwabeni?
Ncokola ngenisa kummandla necropolis kunokuba imihla ehlotyeni ukususela 9.00 ukuya 19,00, kwaye ebusika - ukususela 9.00 ukuya 17.00. Noko ke, ezinye iingcali bathi le ngongoma ngalo umngxuma cingo ukuya emadlakeni yaye ngelo naliphi na ixesha lemini. kwaye ngamanye amaxesha na ecingweni, kwaye azikho kwaukubakho. ESmolensk yamaLuthere Amangcwaba e St. Petersburg kule dilesi ilandelayo: Smolenka emlanjeni eweni, ilifa 27. Xa izithuthi zikawonke-wonke lula ukusuka kwisikhululo metro "Vasileostrovskaya" shuttles 249A no K186. Ophumayo kufuneka ibe kwindawo yokumisa ibhasi "Ulitsa Kama".