Menshikov Palace eSt Petersburg. Ezinde St. Petersburg

Serene soBekekileyo Prince Alexander Danilovich, isandla sasekunene luthandwa uPetros I, wafumana ezininzi izihloko, yaye kangakanani wayevunyelwa. Menshikov Palace e St. Petersburg, umzekelo ocacileyo. Ngelo xesha, xa ukumkani wakhula iingcambu ngaphezu kokuba yokuhlala eqhelekileyo zasehlotyeni (ngoku isebe Russian of imyuziyam), owokuqala irhuluneli-jikelele St. Petersburg ngexeshana elifutshane ngomlinganiselo omkhulu eyakhelwe kwi Vasilevsky Island ebhotwe enkulu, nto leyo ukuba indlwane intsapho yakhe.

Luxury, niphuphuma

Nemikhosi intle nakubugcisa Russian ebebeqeshwe kwisiza. A isixa esikhulu zokwakha ziye zasiwa apha yi Umgxobhozo, ngoxa kusakhiwa kwikomkhulu esemantla, yezitena nganye ngokobuqu uPetros I.

Menshikov Palace eSt Petersburg ngelo xesha Luxury unabashed. Ngenxa yokungabikho ezinye izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo, yena embindini ubomi yezolawulo umzi, oko kubhiyozelwa nesiphelo Enkulu Northern War. Ekuqaleni (1710-1712) yalathisa umsebenzi wezakhiwo Francesco Fontana, owathi kamva eyemka ngayo kweli lizwe ngenxa yemozulu embi. Yena indawo ngumzobi I. G. Shedel, italente nenichubeke leyo kunjalo efana leNdlu yeeNgwevu yokuqala Russian, ngokuyalela womzobi ukwakha ezimbini zokuhlala zakhe - in Oranienbaum kunye Kronstadt.

Esi sakhiwo onomtsalane capital elizayo

Menshikov Palace eSt Petersburg ngelo xesha kwakukho isakhiwo ezinde kwikomkhulu emantla. Kanye ezinkulu - kubhaliwe eyayinqumla siqithi evela Big Neva River ukuya Little Neva. Nokwakha ngoku, emva kweminyaka engama-300, zilondolozwe kakuhle, isakhiwo lokuqala ilitye St. Petersburg, yeyona lesikhumbuzo inkulu izakhiwo ngexesha uPetros. Menshikov waba 'Westerner "kwaye wakha ngokuthobela ngokupheleleyo ukumila ixesha ibhotwe lakhe, nkqu Vasilyevsky Island amajelo emqeleni ukukhumbuza elumelwaneni lwaloo Amsterdam. layout isakhiwo entsha - Ukubonelela igumbi ukuze iindibano (phantsi Peter I, iibhola kunye neentlanganiso) kunye mikhosi yolwamkelo, ikhitshi, igumbi lokulala, zocweyo kunye noomabhalane egumbini. Awona magumbi baba banzi, kodwa mavoko.

ukuziqambela design

Menshikov Palace eSt Petersburg wawusayina alahlwa evela tiles phesheya magumbi, oqingqiweyo neenkuni nokushicilela, isikhumba kunye nezinye izinto ezinqabileyo. Ingakumbi zahluke udade-in yaba igumbi kuphole Prince - iindonga lonke masimu zabekwa ngaphandle. Tile, efana kakhulu enye, ingeniswe kwi Holland, kodwa ezinye ezenziwa kwi-mveliso Russian kunye Strelna, Yamburg, Koporye. Palace wabetha bubutyebi nokuphila ubomi obutofotofo. Family generalissimo elwandle nesiseko imikhosi ndafudukela kwibhotwe sele ngo-1714. Nokutsala iphambili ebhotwe kuqwalaselwa iKhabhinethi Anut. Emva reference Menshikov ngowe-1727 ukuya Berezov ilifa wegqitha yeCadet lweSizwe, apho wafunda Suvorov kunye Sumarokov. Ebudeni beminyaka kwamandla yiSoviet ezindongeni ebhotwe aba isikolo emkhosini-ezopolitiko. Ngoku isakhiwo grand kwi kweenxweme Neva River yindawo isebe Hermitage.

I zokuhlala yokuqala yezikhulu kwi nezimbuku

Menshikov Palace eSt Petersburg prehistory yayo. Ngowe-1704 uPetros ndamnika wakhe Vasilevsky Island ayithandayo "Aleksashka" ngoku ibekwe khona egadini kunye umyezo waza waqalisa ukwakha ezinemigangatho emibini esakhiweni phantsi kobunkokheli Inkolo A. Senyavina. Ukwakhiwa lwaqhutywa kwi lo msebenzi Domenico Terzini. Eyakhiwe ngayo imilo le leta "n" zokwakha kwafuneka ngezinyuko grand okhokelela kumgangatho wesibini. A kufanelekile ukuba ijelo kwinqanaba lokuqala (kamva ichibi), wemba ukusuka elunxwemeni Neva. kwibhotwe ngomthi, ukwakhiwa isimbo Italian, edume yokuba ngo-1710 lwaye lwabhiyozelwa kumtshato kadadewethu uPetros I Anna Ioannovny, kwaye iNkosana Courland Friedrich Wilhelm. Kulo nyaka, a gosa epheleleyo kunye umlawuli-jikelele St. Petersburg waqala ukwakha ibhotwe zamatye odumileyo.

eMoscow yokuhlala

Inani zokuhlala iNkosana Izhora ongekho sezantsi inani izihloko zakhe. Menshikov Ibhotwe e Moscow, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Lefortovo", okanye "ipoma Endala", yanikezwa Peter I ngowe-1706 kumhlobo wakhe emva kokuba indlu wayitshisa ezantsi Aleksandrov Semyonov zokuhlala. "Lefortovo" kwibhotwe ebizwa ngokuba yayakhiwe ukusuka 1698 ngu umyalo ovela anxulumane Lefort, emva kokuba housewarming ovuthuvuthuzayo 1699 kungekudala (iintsuku ezingama-20), wafa engama-46 ubudala. I Palace yaba yokuqala kwakujongwa lilinge lokuqala ukuba inguqulelo entsha izakhiwo. ibhotwe Hall 10 ngeemitha kunye ummandla macala 300. kweemitha ongase iindwendwe ezininzi kangangoko 1500. Kwibhotwe kwakukho yokufuna ulwazi ezininzi - igumbi, iindonga apho zagutyungelwa ngesikhumba okanye oluhlaza, okanye yiBrocade igolide. Esi sakhiwo ekummandla elunxwemeni Yauza yaye park enkulu, kuhlale ziintaka engaqhelekanga kunye nezilwanyana. Menshikov kakhulu balakha ibhotwe ngokwakho. Emva yokwakha lakhe ihlazo Lefortovo kukhutshelwa zobuncwane. Ngenxa yoko komlilo, yaye umsebenzi eMoscow ngo-1812, satshatyalaliswa komkhulu, yaye kamva bamshiya. Yathi yabuyiswa kuphela ngo-1840, ne-result ukuba ipomakazi lendlu kwakukho kumgangatho wesithathu. Ukususela ngoko kule mini isakhiwo kuhlala noovimba ezahlukeneyo.

Palace Theatre

Sheremetev Palace eSt Petersburg - enye perile yesixeko yezembali kwi Neva. Ukususela ngo 1712 phantsi Nasi isaziso esigunyaziswe ngukumkani kwixesha elizayo uqale ukususa abameli Capital Northern yezikhulu eMoscow. Ngoncedo lwabo, umlawuli ekujongwe ukuxhobisa iindawo ngamnye kweso sixeko. Jikelele Field Marshal Count BP Sheremetev, uPetros ndatshata umza A. wakhe P. Naryshkinoy ngqo inani 34. iyelenqe yabelwa Waye phezu elunxwemeni Fontanka, kunye nebhotwe, ezakhiweyo ngokuba kukho "Fountain House". Le nto ayizange into emangalisayo, wegqitha ukusuka kwesinye isandla de ngelo xesha njengoko na kuye ilifa umzukulwana ka Boris Petrovich - uNicholas, azinza apha ngo-1796. Egameni lakhe, umakhi I. E. Starov salungiswa nandawo yakuhlala. Xa Palace Theatre esandula ngokutsha kunye Orchestra weza evela abadlali serf. Hall yayisakhiwa eninzi imali kweli nqanaba, igumbi injini ngaphantsi oko, baba "igumbi lokunxibela" kunye negumbi into eluncedo ngayo. Yaba yemiboniso ngokwenene ezanyulwa yonke ingqukuva. Kuye ngokutsha yonke indawo yelifa, izakhiwo ezitsha - nendlu umqeqeshi, Summer ezilahliweyo kunye Garden inkundla. ngokutsha ngasentla wasebenza ezifana labazobi Quarenghi kunye A. N. Voronihin. Sheremetievs baba esisityebi kunene. Graf uNikolay odumileyo kuba, serf ongumdlali onothando Praskovya Kovalev, wamnika ezamahala yakhe yayindoda yakhe.

Ubuqaqawuli Manor waza wongezelela ukuba ukususela 1924 ukuya 1952 kwenye kwamaphiko Anna Akhmatova babehlala apha. Ke kaloku, kule kwibhotwe kukho imyuziyam sisikhumbuzo ogama emva poetess kunye Museum of Music and Performing Arts.

capital Northern yongeza elinomtsalane ezizodwa zonke ezinde St Petersburg. Photo isicelo ngasentla, ibonisa indlela elungileyo ye Anichkov Palace, isakhiwo lokuqala ilitye le hlobo kwi Nevsky Prospekt. Hermitage wenza ifanelwe ibali eyahlukileyo.