Xa uPleshcheev wazalelwa waza wafa. Pleshcheev Alexey: biography

UAlexei Pleshcheev wayengumlobi waseRashiya onamandla. Uyaziwa ngokuba yiinguqulelo ezininzi ezivela kwisiNgesi nangesiFrentshi, kunye nezibongo ezintle kubantwana. Imininzi yemisebenzi yalo mbhali yafakwa kumculo kaTchaikovsky noRachmaninov kwaye yaziwa kakhulu. Kodwa xa wazalwa waza wafa ePleshcheyev? Ziziphi iziganeko ezithandekayo ezenzeka ebomini bakhe? Yaye wayifumanisa njani ukuthandwa kwakhe?

Ubuntwana kunye nokuFunda

KwiKostroma ngoNovemba 22, ngo-1825, u-Alexei omncane wazalwa, oza kuba ngumlobi waseRashiya kuphela nomlobi, kodwa naye umguquleli owaziwayo. Wazalelwa kwintsapho ehloniphekileyo, ngelishwa, ihlwempu, kwaye yayingowendlu yasendulo. Phakathi kookhokho baseAlexei Nikolayevich kwakunjalo noSt. Alexius waseMoscow. Ngokumalunga nelokuba kukho ababhali abaninzi kubomi, ezi zithethe zazihlala zihlonishwa.

Le nkwenkwana yalahlekelwa nguyise, yaye unina, u-Elena Aleksandrovna, wayejongene nokukhuliswa kwakhe. U-Aleksey Nikolayevich ufumene imfundo ephakamileyo yemfundo, kwaye ke ngoko, ngokunyanzelisa unina, waqala ukuqeqesha kwisikolo se-Stage ePersersburg. UAlexei Pleshcheev wuleza walahlekelwa umdla kwinkonzo yempi kwaye ngo-1843 washiya isikolo ukuze aqale ukufunda iilwimi zasempuma kwiYunivesithi yasePetersburg.

Abahlobo abatsha kunye namanyathelo okuqala ekudaleni

Yintoni uAlexey Nikolayevich Pleshcheyev akwenzayo kwiminyaka yezifundo zakhe ? Ukususela kulo mzuzu i- biography yombongi udibaniswa nobuntu obumnandi kakhulu. NguAndrei Aleksandrovich Kraevsky, uPyotr Aleksandrovich Pletnev, uMaikovs, uFedor Dostoevsky, uSaltykov-Shchedrin nabanye.

Yaye inkoliso yakhe yokuqala u-Alexei Nikolayevich uthumela ukufunda ngokuchanekileyo uPletnev, owayengeyena kuphela umlawuli weyunivesithi, kodwa naye umvakalisi weSovermennik. Kwaye uPeter Aleksandrovich wayethetha ngokufudumele ngokubaluleka kwesibongo sokuqala.

Inomdla kwizombusazwe

Ngo-1845 uAlexei Pleshcheev waba nesithakazelo kwiingcamango zentlalo-ntsapho kwaye waqhelana namalungu esangqa, awayebizwa ngokuba yiPetrashevsky. Baye babandakanyeka kwizibongo kunye nemibuzo yokuphuhliswa kwayo eRashiya. U-Aleksey Nikolayevich akazange athathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso ezinjalo, kodwa waqala nokubhala iinkondlo ezivuthayo, kwaye wayevame ukuzisa imibhalo yesandla engavumelekanga.

Emva koko uqala ukuguqulela incwadi ye-ideologist u-Felicite-uRobert de Lamenne, apho amalungu omjikelo acwangcise ukushicilela kamva kwindlu yakhe yokushicilela phantsi komhlaba. Ngoko uPleshcheev uAlexei Nikolaevich, owakhe ubugcisa obunxulumene kakhulu nemisebenzi yale nkalo yezopolitiko, wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokufunda eyunivesithi.

Iqoqo lokuqala lemisebenzi, okanye uMdlali-mbambano

Ngelishwa, ngo-1845 u-Aleksei Nikolaevich waphoqeleka ukuba aphazamise imfundo yakhe ngenxa yokuphepha ngokwaneleyo kwinqununu. Kwaye inkqubo yokufunda ayifanele. Kodwa wagqiba ekubeni alungiselele kwaye adlulise iimviwo ngaphandle ukuze azalise izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi. Nangona ukuba wayishiya eyunivesithi, akazange alahlekelwe ngumtshato kunye namalungu esangqa, okanye i-Petrashevists. Ngokuqhelekileyo badibana naye endlwini yakhe.

Umqoqo wokuqala weenkondlo zikaPleshcheyev wanyatheliswa ngo-1846. Kwakukho imisebenzi enjengokuthi "Kubizo lwabahlobo", "Phuma! Ngaphandle koyika kunye nokungaqiniseki ..." kunye "Ngokuziva Abazalwana, Sikunye". Babedume kakhulu, kwaye iindidi ezimbini zokugqibela zaba ziimvumi zobutsha. Abantu abaninzi baqala ukuphatha uAlexe njengomlobi-mbongi. Kwaye ngenye yezona nkcukacha ezibalulekileyo ezithatha i-biography yakhe. U-Aleksei Pleshcheev waba yindlovu yokuqala ukuphendula kwiimbali ezenzeka eFransi. Kungenxa yale nto abaPetrashevis bamhlonela ngayo, abazama ukuguqulela imibono yokuguqukela eRussia.

Iziphumo zokuthatha inxaxheba kwisangqa sePetrashevisti

Enyanisweni, abaninzi abafundi banomdla xa uPleshcheev ezalwa waza wafa, kodwa bangaphi abantu abayaziyo ezinye iimbali ezivela kwi-biography? Ngokomzekelo, into yokuba lo mbongi ophawulekayo kunye nomlobi weprose, njengabo abaninzi bexesha lakhe, nabo baya ekuthinjweni. Kwixesha elide, u-Aleksei Nikolayevich wabamba iintlanganiso zePetrashevis ekhaya lakhe. Kwaye ngo-1849 amapolisa athabatha ikopi yeleta kaBelinsky, eyayiyithunyelwe nguPleshcheyev kuFyodor Dostoyevsky.

Kwaye ngo-Ephreli 8 u-Aleksey Nikolayevich wabanjwa ngokukhutshiswa. Ngaphantsi kwe-escort, wathunyelwa eSt. Petersburg waza wabeka iPeter noPaul Fortress apho wachitha khona iinyanga ezilisibhozo. Ngelo xesha, aba-21 abagwetywa bagwetywa ukufa. Phakathi kwabo kwakunguAlesey Nikolayevich. Kodwa oku akupheli ngophilo lwakhe. U-Aleksei Pleshcheev kunye namanye amacala athatyathwa kwindawo yokubulawa, uSemenovsky ujikeleze umhlaba. Apha bafundwa umyalelo kaNicholas I, apho ukutshatyalaliswa kwatshintshwa ngamagama athile ekuthinjweni.

Iminyaka yesalathiso, okanye i-biography emfutshane. Iindinyana nguAlexei Pleshcheyev ngeli xesha

UPleshcheyev wabhaliswa kwizinga kunye nefayile yenkampani eboshiweyo, kwaye ngo-1850 wafika e-Uralsk. Apha wachitha iminyaka eyisibhozo ezisixhenxe, ezi sixhenxe zikhonza. Isihlandlo sokuqala, ukuhlala kwakhe enkonzweni yeAlexei Nikolayevich kwakunzima kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sengqondo samagosa. Akazange anikwe ikhefu, kodwa unokulibala okwethutyana ngemisebenzi yakhe yokudala.

Oku kuye kwatshintshwa kuba uAlexis Nikolaevich wadibana nomama wakhe, u-Count Perovsky, owayengumbusi-jikelele. Waqala ukunyanzela iPleshcheyev. U-Aleksei Nikolaevich akafumananga nje ufikelelo lweencwadi, kodwa waqhelana nabantu abanomdla-intsapho yeLieutenant-Colonel Viktor Desiderovyevich uDandeville, kunye nabanye abathinjwa basePoland, iTaras Shevchenko kunye nomlobi uMikhail Mikhailov.

Ngaba uAlexei Pleshcheev wabhala nayiphi na imisebenzi ngexesha? I-biography emfutshane, echaza ngethuba lokuthunjwa, iqulethe ulwazi malunga neendinyana ezazinikezela uDandeville nomkakhe. Kwakhona amabali abhaliwe. Xa u-Alexey Ivanovich etshintshela kwinkonzo yoluntu, wathumela imisebenzi yakhe ePetersburg, apho yapapashwa kwiGazethi yaseRashiya.

Ukuhlaziywa kobuchule kunye nentsebenziswano kunye neepapasho

Ngo-1857, u-Alexei washada no-Elikonida Rudneva, kwaye ngoMeyi kunyaka ozayo waya naye eSt. Petersburg ngekhefu leenyanga ezine. Emva koko babuyela ngokufutshane kuOrenburg. Kwaye ulapha ungaphendula umbuzo wabafundi abaninzi xa uAlexander Alexeevich Pleshcheev ezalwa. Le nkwenkwe yazalwa ngo-1858. Emva koko, uya kuba ngumlobi owaziwayo kunye nomgxeki wezemidlalo.

Ngo-Agasti 1859 umndeni wasePleshcheev wagqiba ukuhlala eMoscow. Apha uAlexey Nikolaevich uzinikezele ngokupheleleyo ekudaleni. Ngoku akabhali nje imbongo, kodwa kunye namabali, kunye neenveli ezininzi. Lezi "ifa", "uBawo nentombi", "uBudnev" nabanye.

U-Alexey Nikolaevich usebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye noSovremennik, naye uba ngumnini-shareholder wephephandaba elidumile uMoskovsky Vestnik. Endaweni yakhe yaseMoscow, uhlala ecwangcisa iimvumi kunye nokubhala. Babona uAnton Grigorievich Rubinstein, uPyotr Tchaikovsky, abadlali beMaty Theatre, kunye noTurgenev, uTolstoy noNekrasov.

Ukuqhubela phambili kwezopolitiko

U-Pleshcheev uAlexei Nikolaevich, owakhe ulwabiwo olusondeleyo kumsebenzi wezopolitiko, uyaqhubeka nokuzinikela kwimisebenzi yakhe kwiingxaki zoluntu kunye noluntu. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili kwimibongo yakhe yi-revolutionary feat. Wayecaphukisa kakhulu isiganeko esenzeka ngowe-1861 (ngelo xesha ukuboshwa kwabaninzi kwabafundi kwenziwa). Waye waqokelela imali ukuze kuzuze amaxhoba.

Amapolisa eyimfihlo aqhubeka nokubeka iliso uAleksey Nikolayevich Pleshcheyev. Wayekrokrelwa ngokusasazeka kweengcamango zezopolitiko ezaphambene neembono zikaRhulumente. Nangona kubakho ukuba kukho izizathu zokusola, akukho zityholo ezibonakalayo zaziswa.

Ixesha lokukhungatheka, okanye ingeniso yombhali ongekho

Ekubeni umsebenzi wokubhala uletha imali encinci kakhulu ekungenakwenzeka ukuyondla intsapho, u-Alexei Nikolayevich uya kwinkonzo aze abe ngumphicothi-zincwadi. Yiyiphi, ngokuqinisekileyo, ephazamisayo. Ekupheleni kwawo-1960. Kwimisebenzi yakhe imvakalelo embi kakhulu yabonakala ngokugqithiseleyo. Isizathu salokhu asikho kuphela ukuboshwa kwabaninzi bakaAleksei Nikolaevich, kodwa nokufa kwabanye. Kwaye enye ingqongqo yokubethelela imbongi ngelo xesha kubulawa ngumfazi wakhe, owafa ngoDisemba 3, 1864.

Ngo-1868 uNekhrasov waba yinhloko ye "Notes of the Fatherland" kwaye wamema u-Alexei Nikolayevich kwithuba loonobhala webhodi yokuhlela. U-Pleshcheev wathuthela eSt. Petersburg waza wabuyela ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba labantu abafana. Kwi "Iimpawu ze-Fatherland" umbongi uqhubeka nokusebenza kude kube ngu-1884, kwaye emva kokufa kukaNekrasov uba yinkokheli. Ngeli xesha, u-Alexei Nikolaevich unceda abalobi abaninzi be-novice, yaye u-Ivan Surikov uyazihlangula ekuzibulaleni ngokulungiselela ukupapashwa kwakhe kokuqala.

Imihla yokugqibela ka-Alexei Nikolayevich kunye nemilo yakhe

Enyanisweni, abafundi abaninzi banomdla kumbuzo wokuba uPleshcheyev wazalelwa waza wafa, kodwa ukwazi indlela yokudala kunye nobomi bombhali waseRashiya kubalulekile njengemihla yokufa nokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngokuphathelele umsebenzi wokudala we-Alexei Nikolayevich, emva kokufudukela ePeterersburg wabhala, ngaphandle kokuyeka ukuda de wafa. Ininzi yaguqulela imibongo yesiFrentshi nesiNgesi. Yayilapha apho ikhono lakhe eliphambili lembongi libonakalisiwe.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indawo eyahlukileyo kwithuba lokugqibela lobomi bukaPleshcheyev laqala ukubamba iingqungquthela zabantwana. Kwaye abaninzi abagxekayo bathi le mi sebenzi yayizaliswe ngumnqweno okhethekileyo wobomi. Ezinye izibongo ziye zapapashwa kwiincwadi zezifundo kwaye zithandwa ngabafundi abancinci abangayithandi kuphela imbongi, kodwa bayazi i-biographie yakhe, kwaye kwakhona xa uPleshcheyev wazalelwa waza wafa.

Ngaphezu kweengoma ezilikhulu neengoma

Kwiimbongo ze-Alexei Nikolaevich kunye nabaqambi bezinye izizukulwana babhalwa ngaphezu kweengoma ezilikhulu kunye nemibono emnandi. Umsebenzi kaPleshcheyev wokwenza umdla wakhangela umdla ovela kuPeter Tchaikovsky, owaye waziwa ngu-Alexei Nikolaevich ixesha elide kwaye wayenobudlelwane obufudumele ubomi bakhe bonke. Kwaye akunandaba nokuba unyaka onjani uPleshcheev waza wafa, okubaluleke kakhulu, umsebenzi wakhe waba negalelo elikhulu kwiincwadi zesiRashiya.

Kwaye xa ngo-1893, ngoSeptemba 26, lo mbhali obalaseleyo kunye nomlobi weprose wafa, abaninzi abantu babeziva belahlekelwa ngokungafaniyo. Ngo-Oktobha 6, xa umngcwabo wePleshcheyev wenziwa khona, inani elikhulu labantu bahlangene kulo mbhiyozo. Phakathi kwabo babenobhala abancinci abacele ngokuphindaphindiweyo uncedo kule ndoda ephawulekayo.