UWalter Scott. "Ivanhoe" - imodeli yezinto ezintsha kwiimeko zembali

Umsebenzi womlobi waseScotland owadala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 ubudala unomdla kuthi namhlanje ngenxa yokuba uWalter Scott uphelelise uhlobo lovelwano lwembali . Ngaphambi kwakhe kwincwadi yesiNgesi kwakukho inkulumo ethi "i-Gothic" kunye ne "antitique". Kodwa owokuqala ukusuka kumbono kaScott wayegcwele ngokupheleleyo ubuxoki, kwaye ulwimi lwesibini luyinkimbinkimbi kwaye aluqondakali kumfundi wanamhlanje.

Emva kokukhangela kwexesha elide, badala isakhiwo esiphuculweyo senveli kumxholo wezembali. Umbhali wachaza iinyani kunye neengqungquthela ukuze kube lula ukuba akukho mntu unokumisa ikhondo elingunaphakade lembali, nokuba ngumntu onobuninzi obalulekileyo kumlando.

Kuzo zonke iincwadi zokubhala ezenziwa nguWalter Scott, "u-Ivanhoe" uyona edumileyo. Ukulandela uShakespeare, umbhali waphuma ngokusuka kwimbali yakhe yembali. Abantu boqobo kwiimvanoveli zakhe, kunokuba bakhonze njengemvelaphi, kwaye ngaphambili kweziganeko zingabalinganiswa bobuqili, ababachaphazelekayo ngenxa yokutshintshwa kweengxelo zembali.

UWalter Scott "Ivanhoe" (uhlalutyo)

Ingqungquthela ebalulekileyo yaseBrithani imbali ibonakaliswe kwincwadi kaWalter Scott. "Ivanhoe" ngumsebenzi malunga nokuqala kobugcisa. UScott wadala "u-Ivanhoe" ngo-1820. Iimpawu zibhekisela ekupheleni komzabalazo omde kunye negazi eliphakathi kwamaNorman kunye neeSaxon (inkulungwane ye-12). Imbali yembali ngumzabalazo wamandla ngexesha lolawulo lukaRichard the First (Lionheart) - ubuntu bembali.

Knight Wilfred kunye noMama Raven - nangona kunjalo, kodwa abalinganiswa, kodwa abalinganiswa, abadala uWalter Scott. "Ivanhoe" kukuthandana okufutshane kunye nothando kunye nezopolitiko. Ubomi bezithandani buxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiimeko zembali ezenzekayo.

Ukuxhasa isakhiwo senveli yesiganeko, esakhiwe nguWalter Scott, u-Ivanhoe uyayichasa imvelaphi yeemeko zembali ezibalaseleyo, ekhuluma ecaleni likaKumkani uRichard. Iqhawe libonisa ukuzinikela, ikhowudi yentlonipho entliziyweni yazo zonke izenzo. Akukho nto inokumthintela ukuba asebenze ngokuhambelana nemvakalelo yomsebenzi kwaye ahlale ethembekile kwintombi yakhe yentliziyo.

Ukugcina incognito phantsi kwengubo yomhambi, uKnight Wilfred Ivanhoe nguye kuphela onomfesane uIsake onobuhlwempu, umnini-mali. Wamnika indawo ngomlilo; Wema ngenxa yozuko wendlalifa uCedric Sachs (oko kukuthi, ngenxa yodumo lwakhe, kodwa engaziwa). Wandula wabiza uBoisguillebert, umkhonto ongenakunqotshwa wendlu, ukulwa; Wasindisa u-Isaka ofanayo ekuphangi nasekufeni; Ukuhluthwa ngamaxesha amaninzi kwizintlu; Ulwa noKumkani uRichard; Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Crusade; Wasindisa uzuko nobomi bukaRebheka (intombi kaIsake). Akuzange kube kanye emva kwenkcazelo eyenziwe ngu-Ivanhoe ukutshintsha isicatshulwa sokuhlonipha.

Inombolo yakhiwe ngokuqhelanisekisa kweemfihlakalo ezivela ngexesha leqhinga (imfihlelo yomzukeli weCedric Sachs kunye nePilgrim, i-Knight, iLifa eliThobileyo, i-Black Knight). Ukongezelela, umsebenzi udibanisa intlonelo, imibukiso ecacileyo kunye neengcinga zefilosofi yeziganeko.

Ngaphandle kwe-Aivengo kwisalathisi kukho enye enye inyaniso, kwaye ngeli xesha unomlando. Ewe, lo nguKumkani uRichard, oveli kwintanethi unomdla kakhulu ebomini leqhawe elijikelezayo. Kuye, ubuqaqawuli azukelayo ngokwakhe, ngesandla sakhe nangenkemba, kubaluleke ngaphezu kokunqoba kwentloko yempi enkulu. Enyanisweni, umbhali waqonda ukuba udale umfanekiso wesithandane, kwaye akahambelani nemeko yembali. Kodwa ububanzi bombono womsebenzi ofunekayo ngokuchanekileyo oku kuchazwa komfanekiso.

Ngokuphathelele ukuqonda ifilosofi yeengxaki, kumtshato wesibini esithandanayo (Ivanhoe noDowena Rowena), izalamane zamacala amabini aphikisayo - amaSaxon ahloniphekileyo nabaseNormans - ngokukhawuleza bayaqonda ukuba iintetho zoxolo zingaphumelela ngakumbi kunokuphumelela kwimpumelelo. Ngenxa yoko, umanyano wezizwe zombini wanika abantu babo iminyaka yoxolo kunye nokuchuma. Kuze sonke siyazi, ezi zizwe ziye zadibanisa kangangokuthi namhlanje ziye zalahleka zonke iintlukwano.

Nangona amaxesha amathandathu aphelile, kodwa iincwadi zemveli zikaWalter Scott zisenomdla kumfundi wanamhlanje. Bathandwa ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwabo, ukuhlaselwa kwothando kunye nemifanekiso eqhelekileyo yamaqhawe aye abe yinxalenye yehlabathi.