Wonke umntu kufuneka azi: GDP - yintoni na

Uninzi lwabafundi abaye bafunda uqoqosho, ngokuqinisekileyo, bayazi i-Indicator ye-GDP - yintoni na. Injongo yale nqaku kukuvuselela inkumbulo yokubaluleka kwalo mlinganiselo womsebenzi woqoqosho lwezoqoqosho. Waqulunqwa kwizoqoqosho ngoomthonyama wasePedkk (iphondo laseMinsk), uSimon Smith Smith, owezomnotho waseMerika, ophumelele kwi-Nobel Prize ka-1971. Isibonakaliso ayidalayo (kwisiNgesi se-GDP) sacetyiswa ukuba sisebenzise ngo-1934. Ithembisa, ngoku isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi.

Ubume boqoqosho be-GDP (GDP)

Yintoni ekuthethwa ngayo ngohlobo lwezoqoqosho lweGDP? Ukuba oku kukuhlanganiswa kweenkonzo kunye neempahla eziveliswa kunyaka, zichazwe ngokwexabiso lemarike yazo. Ukubeka nje, yilo lonke ilizwe elivelisa ngonyaka. Bala isi sixhobo ngeefomula ezizodwa ngeendlela ezintathu: ngexabiso elongeziweyo, ngenzuzo, ngenkcitho.

Ukuqala incoko malunga nendlela yokwenza le parameter ye-macroeconomic, sikhumbula ukuba iinguqu zayo zibonakaliswa yi- GDP yegama (uqikelelo - kumanani ekhoyo wamanje) kunye ne-GDP yangempela (kumaxabiso kunyaka ophelileyo). Ngokucacileyo, isibonakaliso sokwenene, ngokungafani nomntu oyintloko, ukuba siyayichasa umgangatho wokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kubonisa ukukhula koqoqosho ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwemveliso.

Umlinganiselo (ngendlela yeqhezu), apho i-numerator iphakanyiswa kwaye i-denominator iyinyani, ibizwa ngokuba yi- GDP deflator esetyenziswa ngama-arhente agcisa ukulinganisela ukuveliswa koqoqosho lwelizwe.

Ukuphetha impendulo yombuzo othi: "Indlela ye-GDP - yintoni le nto?", Siza kubonisa ezinye iindidi ezimbini zeli pharamitha: ezinokwenzeka (ukuba umveliso usebenza phantsi koqeshiso olupheleleyo) kunye nangoko (ukungena, kwiimeko zendalo). Bathi, ngokuthetha ngokwemfuziselo, babala "umda wokhuseleko".

Iimandla eziMgangatho we-GDP waseRashiya

Ngokwe-Rosstat yolwazi olusemthethweni, ngo-2013 ukukhula kwePGDP eRashiya kwakudlulileyo kunonyaka odlulileyo. Isizathu kukuba ukwanda kweengxaki zezoqoqosho kwihlabathi, kwaye ngenxa yoko-ukunyuka kwexabiso lemeyile. Kuthetha ukuthini oku, ngokwemiqathango esemthethweni? Ukunciphisa ukukhula kweGDP kuqhathaniswa nomnyaka odlulileyo-ukusuka kwi-3.4% ukuya ku-1.3%. Ukuba uthetha ngamanani alungileyo, ngoko ngo-2013 iGDP ebizwa ngokuba yi-GDP yayingama-rubrikhi angama-66,689 ayi-trillion. Ngokwale nqondiso, uqoqosho lwaseRashiya ngowesihlanu ehlabathini. Ngokweziphumo zango-2013, ezolimo kunye namahlathi bezona zizinzileyo kwi-economic complex - 3.2%.

Isiphelo

Esi sibonakaliso se-macro yezoqoqosho ngokubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo asibonakalisi ukuba luhlobo luni loqoqosho olwenzayo. Ukuqwalasela oku, kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya ngokubanzi iinkcukacha zayo zangaphakathi. Ukuba sijonge isabelo se-GDP yaseRashiya kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, sibona ukuba ioli negesi zenza i-28-30% kuyo, kwaye umkhiqizo wokwakha umatshini ungaphantsi kwe-5%. Uphuhliso lokugcina luyabonakala. Ngokumalunga nokuxhaphaka kweemveliso zamashishini aphantsi, iGDP ebizwa ngokuba yi-GDP ixhomekeke kwixabiso leoli kunye negesi. Iziganeko zokuphuhlisa izakhiwo zomatshini welizwe zithembisa. Bazinzisa ukutyunjwa kwayo, ukukwenza ukuba kungabikho ukuguquka kwamanani entengo. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo loqoqosho luya kubangela ukwanda kwesabelo semveliso yokwakha umatshini. Kwixesha elizayo, uchungechunge lwamanqaku aphendule ngokukhawuleza umbuzo: "GDP, yintoni na?" - iya kuqhubeka.