Types kuqoqosho. iimpawu

Bathi izenzakalo lwezenzululwazi ebesoloko nzima ngokwaneleyo. Ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe-uphawu ukungcola kuya kuxhomekeka kwi semthethweni yayo nempumelelo. Ukukhetha iindidi uqoqosho iindlela zenzululwazi mihla usebenzisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ekubeni iindlela ukuya kuyondelelaniswe kunye abalinganiswa iinkqubo zolimo, kukho ezininzi, yaye zokuhlelwa kuya kuba nzima kakhulu.

Iikhrayitheriya Iintlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho

Ukuze inqanaba yokutsala xa ucinga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza kwabo ngaphezu kufutshane iinkqubo ngokwenene ezenzeka kubomi kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho, kufuneka siqwalasele imihlaba apho zihlelwa.

Ukungqinelana uhlobo ekhoyo kwezoqoqosho aphake iintlobo yezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo kunye nohlobo endalo exchange. Ukuba bathi iintlobo zemeko kuqoqosho kwifom esisiseko kobunini, babelwa ekuhlaleni, ipropati yabucala, lwentsebenziswano kunye noluntu kunye ezahlukeneyo iindidi wokufama.

Ngendlela izenzo zolawulo abadlali zoqoqosho zokwahlula ezi ntlobo ezisisiseko, kokubini kwimarike bemveli, abanye basebe- lwesiqhelo. Yeyona hlobo luqhelekileyo yokuhlela. Enikezelwa iintlobo iinkqubo zoqoqosho kunye neempawu zazo umfanekiso ngokupheleleyo iimpawu open kuqoqosho kwiinkulungwane ezimbini zokugqibela.

Okunye ukuhlelwa iintlobo yeenkqubo yoqoqosho

Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina kwingongoma nganye yaloo ndlela lonikezelo yengeniso, ungakhetha uhlobo Ukulinganiswa zoluntu, kunye ukusasazwa yengeniso ngokuhambelana ilizwe, kunye ukwabiwa kwengeniso ngokungqinelana imiba yemveliso, ukusasazwa isixa-input yabasebenzi.

Ngokutsho uhlobo longenelelo ngoncedo kurhulumente bahlule silinene iqela, ulawulo, ixabiso-ezilawulwayo egalelwe iintlobo simahla, uqoqosho. Njengoko kwingongoma nganye inxaxheba kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ziyakwazi ukuchongeka unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo iphinde ivalwe neenkqubo.

Ngokutsho iqondo lokuvuthwa kwenkqubo ahluka e ezisakhulayo, kuphuhliswa, iintlobo abaqolileyo kunye bahlazisane nemeko yoqoqosho.

Iinkqubo zokuhlelwa zemveli

Yoncwadi Western mihla, kukho ulwahlulohlulo ixhaphakileyo, equlethe ezintathu kuphela iindidi ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo zoqoqosho. Imibhalo K. R. Makkonnella kunye SL Brue bodwa iinkqubo ezifana zemveli, lorhwebo kunye umyalelo uhlobo kuqoqosho.

Noko ke, kwiinkulungwane ezimbini zokugqibela ehlabathini, kwakukho iintlobo ezininzi ngakumbi iinkqubo zolawulo. Ezi ziquka rhwebo kunye ezamahala ukhuphiswano (esulungekileyo capitalism), kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho mihla (capitalism, free), zemveli kunye nenkqubo yolawulo-umyalelo.

Imifuziselo yile iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zophuhliso loqoqosho kumazwe athile. Ngoko ke, iintlobo kweenkqubo yezoqoqosho kunye neempawu zazo kufuneka kuqwalaselwa kujongwa ezi mpawu.

capitalism ecocekileyo

Uqoqosho Market, ukhuphiswano yasimahla, kwasekwa kwinkulungwane XVIII. ayeka khona kwiminyaka engamashumi yokuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. abaninzi kakhulu izinto kule nkqubo waya rhwebo mihla.

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo capitalism olusulungekileyo nobunini babucala kwezibonelelo zotyalo-mali, indlela wolawulo kwinqanaba macro isekelwe kukhuphiswano simahla, uninzi abathengi nabathengisi, leyo isebenze ngokuzimeleyo entsimini nganye. Umsebenzi kunye usomashishini lisebenza njengearhente alinganayo osemthethweni lobudlelwane emarikeni.

Iintlobo rhwebo de kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ugqibe kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye nexabiso nemakethe. Le nkqubo yaba yeyona bhetyebhetye, nako aqhelane zenene ukusebenza lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho eluntwini.

capitalism lwangoku

Uqoqosho lentengiso kwavela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. ixesha luphuhliso olukhawulezayo revolution yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ngeli xesha, urhulumente waqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo nefuthe kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe.

Planning ibonwa njengesixhobo karhulumente elawula kuqoqosho. Ezi ntlobo of Economics ikuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza aqhelane neemfuno eziguqu emarikeni. Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwemalike lijongene somxholo kunye nolwakhiwo imveliso, kwakunye sase- kwimimandla ebalulekileyo STP.

Iinkampani ezinkulu kwaye urhulumente waqalisa yokwabiwa kwemithombo yobutyebi ukuze uphuhliso nemeko yomntu (imfundo, ezempilo, iinkonzo zentlalo). Urhulumente kumazwe aphuhlileyo namhlanje uyalela ukuya kwi-40% esabelo-mali yokuphelisa intlupheko. Iinkampani ukuqasha abakhathalele abaqeshwa babo, kusabiwa inkxaso-mali kukuphuculwa kweemeko zokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko loluntu ukulungiselela abasebenzi babo.

Inkqubo yemveli yolawulo

Kumazwe ngokoqoqosho aphuhlileyo kakhulu ekulondolozeni indlela esebenzisa umsebenzi wezandla nobugcisa ngasemva. Kwezinye zezi mazwe esilawulwa iintlobo zendalo-zoluntu zokusasaza imveliso wadala. Iindidi eziphambili koqoqosho kumazwe ngokwaneleyo kummandla wolawulo busenza ukuba ubukho kukho inani elikhulu lamashishini amancinane kunye namashishini. Le iseti kwamashishini Sasungulwa unokwakhela. A indima enkulu kuqoqosho kula mazwe eyinkunzi angaphandle idlala.

Kuluntu, zithwele inkqubo yoqoqosho yemveli amalungiselelo abalulekileyo izithethe, amasiko, izithethe zonqulo, icandelo nangokodidi ekuhlaleni kunye neminye imiba ethintela inkqubela zobugcisa.

State ukuphinda ingeniso yesizwe nge-mali. indima yayo kakhulu esebenzayo, ekubeni urhulumente kazwelonke ipha inkxaso kwezentlalo seziqingatha ezizezona yabemi.

nkqubo yezolawulo-umyalelo

Le nkqubo ibizwa inkqubo kwindawo enye yoqoqosho. ukubalasela kwakhe kwandiswa ngaphambili eMpuma Yurophu, kwamanye amazwe Asia ngokunjalo kwi-USSR. Le nkqubo yezoqoqosho nangoku kuthiwa enye. Lubonakala yi ubunini lwentlalo, nto leyo eneneni ngurhulumente, zonke izibonelelo zoqoqosho, bureaucratization yoqoqosho, izicwangciso zolawulo.

Inkqubo oluyintloko yoqoqosho usebenzisa ulawulo ngqo phantse yonke imveliso ukusuka kwiziko elinye - amandla. State ulawula ngokupheleleyo ukuhambisa iimveliso kunye nemveliso. Yeyona lokubanga zonke iinkalo kuqoqosho. Ngenxa yale inhibition waphawula inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobugcisa.

Kule nkqubo yaba izicwangciso zalo ethile ideology. Bachaza inkqubo kokucwangcisa umthamo kunye nolwakhiwo imveliso inzima kakhulu ukuba athembele ngayo ngqo kubavelisi. Abacwangcisi esembindini kumiselwa isakhiwo iimfuno ngokubanzi. Lindela utshintsho iimfuno isikali enkulu kangaka akwenzeki. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukuhlangabezana kakhulu amancinane kubo.

inkqubo Mixed yezoqoqosho

Kule imeko ekhoyo ehlabathini ayenzeki inkqubo kokuba iimpawu enye kuphela Uhlobo lombutho kwezoqoqosho karhulumente. Olu hlobo ingxubevange. Lubonakala ngokuhlanganisa indima yolawulo kweli lizwe sizoku lwisana ukuzimela zemali zemveliso.

Government kule nkqubo ikhoyo uphumeza antitrust, irhafu kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yoluntu. Urhulumente uxhasa lweshishini yelo kulo, ngokunjalo namaziko zonyango, ezemfundo kunye nezenkcubeko. nkqubo Urhulumente ezijolise ekuthinteleni ngqesho neentlekele. Ixhasa uzinzo kunye nokukhula koqoqosho.

Icala elisezantsi nkqubo thaca kukungabikho imifuziselo jikelele kuphuhliso kunye nophuhliso ekujoliswe, ngokungqinelana specificities kazwelonke.

Ekubeni ingqalelo lweentlobo ezikhoyo, mandulo ikhoyo noqoqosho, ungahlula iimpawu zazo akhabayo kunye navumelanayo. Le ndlela iza kuvumela ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokufaneleka yombutho ngamnye imisebenzi yezoqoqosho karhulumente. Ukusebenzisa iimpawu ezintle kwinkqubo nganye, urhulumente unako ukulawula ngcono kuqoqosho kwi ekhoyo kunye nexesha izicwangciso.