Derbent imbali nqaba lwalunjani (ifoto)

Derbent sesona sixeko samandulo kwi Russian Federation. Le ibekwe e Dagestan, kuLwandle lweCaspian. Akwaziwa umhla wokuqala esi sixeko, kodwa ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba iminyaka yakhe - ubuncinane iminyaka 5000. Nokutsala iphambili ukuhlaliswa inqaba of Derbent. Amafoto thaca kule ncwadi, ikwenza ukwazi ukubona ubuhle kunye nobukhulu yamandulo zokuzifaka apha.

Injongo yesicwangciso-qhinga zakhiwo

Fortress kummandla Derbent yayakhelwe ukukhusela abantu ayakhe i Near East neCaucasus, ukususela ngesinyanzeliso emibi ye-mbuya wasentla. It imbaxa omkhulu sokuzikhusela, iqulunqwe mzi, ulwandle, iindonga ntaba kunye Naryn- Kala (iShushan). Izakhiwo bamandulo zakhiwa ebudeni bolawulo i Sassanid ubukhosi. Ngamandla alo yokuba ongekho ngaphantsi Enkulu Wall of China.

Esi sixeko saba na indawo kuFeliks qhinga yaye basemngciphekweni evela kwiintaba Caucasus nolwandle, ngoko ke abantu basekuhlaleni wanikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekomelezeni yayo. ezinkulu koomasipala eziphuma kuzo zonke macala, intsimbi ukhuselo oluthembekileyo oluvela bahlaseli ezingqongileyo.

Theory of ezinomtsalane imvelaphi

Mbali baye bakwazi ukufumana ukuba ngubani wakha inqaba Derbent. Zininzi amavo ngayo. Omnye ntsomi ithi wabaseki isixeko nenqaba sakudala iingxilimbela nokugxotha belimiwe lizwe phambi kwabantu.

Kukho olunye uhlobo lwale inkangeleko Derbent nqaba kunye ngeenxa zonke. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umseki esi sixeko samandulo uAleksandr Makedonsky. Ingqwayi enkulu wayalela ukwakhiwa phakathi kweentaba nolwandle iindonga kungenakugqithwa songeza iinqaba zayo bayimisa kuso amasango isinyithi bangaphandle awukwazi ukungena apha. mbali abaninzi iintlelo oluntsonkothileyo iinqaba kuthathwa ilivo, njengoko uAleksandr Makedonsky ndandingazange ndibe beya kulibhala ilizwe. Kodwa isibakala ubukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo inkangeleko sinzima ngoyaba ubungqina nokubaluleka kwayo kubomi southerners.

Naryn-Kala

Ukuqwalasela iifoto Derbent inqaba, umntu unokubona ukuba iziko izakhiwo Uyalwa yinto enkulu, akamsalisela Naryn-Kala. Bonke iinxalenye ezintsonkothileyo iindonga zawo zamatye kakuhle agcinwe, nto leyo enika iindwendwe ithuba liyakwazisa le nto ke nakubugcisa yamandulo lonke uzuko lwayo. Naryn- Kala akunika ecaleni isixeko 700 m. Zenza kweendonga zayo ngamanye amaxesha 3.5 m, ukuphakama yi-20 m. Akamsalisela imi phezu kwemitha-300 induli. kumathambeka ngokukhuselekileyo awukhusele ekuhlaselweni utshaba empumalanga ngasentla. Inxalenye ongezantsi iinqaba axhotyiswe amanyathelo, kunye neendonga zaso eziphangaleleyo ibekwe site, namhlanje esetyenziswa yi abakhenkethi ukuba bahlole panorama yesixeko noLwandle lweCaspian.

Derbentskaya inqaba Naryn- Kala nesakhiwo okudodobalisa ezimile ndawo 4.5 ha. neendonga zaso ezihonjiswe nasentshonalanga ezininzi ayafika zibekwe kumgama 25-35 m ukusuka kwenye. Kwikona ekumzantsi kukho inqaba enkulu edityaniswe kwinqaba iShushan kunye iseludongeni lomzi.

zokwakha yasekhaya

Ngaphakathi kwinqaba iShushan, ungabona maqula yamandulo khan kunye iifestile uphahla kunye izakhiwo esekhona ixesha lethu (ukuba amanxuwa). Enye yezi zakhiwo ibe icawa cross-angqukuva e V., Kamva iguqulwe ibe amaziko ezenkolo Muslim. Kwakhona, kwi kwinqaba iShushan yeyona indala e-Russia Juma isanagogi wenzela, yasekwa kwinkulungwane VIII. Kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho kwibhotwe Khan, kodwa namhlanje endaweni yayo wahlala amanxuwa kuphela, nto leyo kunzima kugweba ubuhle le sakhiwo.

Wabalasela ezimbini lamanzi ilitye elahliweyo ngaphakathi kwinqaba iShushan. Zazakhiwe kwi iinkosi lamaByzantine kwinkulungwane XI. Izikhongozeli babekwa izixa ezikhulu zamanzi, okwenza ukuba nqaba ukumelana abahleli nokufumba isixeko ixesha elide. Ulwelo engena itanki emithombo ekhethekile yodongwe kunye nemibhobho yesinyithi. Ngenxa sabemi besixeko yakhutshwa amanzi maxesha anzima kwaye angandinikezela yotshaba. Kodwa akusoloko inqaba kungenakugqithwa of Derbent. Imbali iqulethe iinkcukacha ukuba utshaba kubanako ukufaka isixeko, ukonakalisa imithombo kwaye ishiya abavikeli yayo akukho manzi.

Akamsalisela wakhonza Uyalwa nje kuphela, kodwa iziko lolawulo eso sixeko. It wagcinwa iNgqonyela, umgwebo, kunye entolongweni komhlaba (yomhadi), ngaphandle apho ibanjwa Yayingekho. zilungiselelwe iindonga zayo kwi-engile, kunye nomoni, kanye ekuthinjweni, kunyanzeleke ukuba kufa yindlala. Entolongweni ibekwe emva amabhodlo ebhotweni Khan kaThixo.

Abathandi kudala axhamle abebetyelele imyuziyam kuvulwe kwinqaba iShushan. Kuyo ukuba ababonise izinto zekhaya, zomdongwe, izixhobo ilitye, iimpahla, izixhobo, iingqekembe njalo njalo. D. yobudala kwezinye rarities zeminyaka emininzi.

Kwindawo engundoqo ilawula yabalindi, eyakhiwa ngo-1828 (emva Dagestan yaba yinxalenye Russia). Le mizobo ulwakhiwo namhlanje, nto leyo uvezwa Derbent. endlwaneni wangaphandle ezihonjiswe iiankile kunye sekhe amaxesha tsarist.

Ezinye iindawo izakhiwo Uyalwa

Derbent inqaba, leyo kufuna ukuzisa ifoto Dagestan zonke ngabakhenkethi bathanda nje kuphela kwinqaba iShushan, ngaphandle kweendonga zayo. ubude wabo mzi 3.6 km. Amagumbi angasentla nangasezantsi iindonga zakhiwa ngaxeshanye omnye komnye. Umgama phakathi kwabo iyahluka ukusuka 300 ukuya kuma-400 eemitha. imivalo Dag (wall intaba) solulelwe yi km-40 kwicala Ridge abaseAfrika. Ngelishwa, yena akanakuhlala uhlobo yayo yoqobo: kwindawo ezininzi, isakhiwo inciphisiwe. udonga ulwandle layigubungela yokungena esixekweni kuLwandle lweCaspian. Uye yayihlasela amanzi alo yaye ubonakalisa phantse isiqingatha sekhilomitha. Njengoko imivalo Doug, udonga ulwandle yagcinwa iziqwenga.

esangweni

Phakathi iindonga inkqubo inqaba abameli ezincinane kancinci, kodwa isango onamandla kunene, ekuthe kumaxesha amandulo kube lula ukufumana ku Derbent. Bammela nje umzi, kodwa ngaba uhombiso. Isango wavula iindwendwe namahlakani kunye nabathengi. Ufako zibekwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo inqaba. Nangoku ugcinwe iziqalelo ukuhonjiswa osisityebi, onokuwatshintsha ukuligweba mihle aba kumaxesha amandulo. Door, sikhangele icala langasentla, apho e Derbent angafika abasemathanga ezinobutshaba wakhangela enkulu kwaye yoyikise. Ngokungafaniyo ekungeneni wabo wasezantsi ukuya esixekweni ukuba eziphambili amisiweyo. Namhlanje kunzima ukumisela inani ngqo wamasango, njengoko ingengabo bonke basinda.

Amagama imibombo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo

Derbent inqaba uye abahambi wachukumiseka nihleli ubukhulu namandla alo. Oonyana bolunye uhlanga wayinika amagama ahlukeneyo, kodwa phantse bonke bephela kuyo igama elithi "esangweni". Akumangalisi oku, kuba iindonga inqaba iqela elikhulu iingcango ngamandla, nto nge ndzulu utshaba Derbent Yayingekho. AmaGrike amandulo ekuthiwa inqaba lweCaspian Gates, i-Arabhu - Bab al-Abva (main), Georgians - Dzgvis Kari (elwandle), kunye nabahlali Turkish - Temir Kapysy (Iron).

Hypothesis kodonga eyodwa sokuzikhusela

Bonke abo banomdla kwimbali Derbent kunye Derbent inqaba, kuya kuba umdla ukufunda malunga abaphengululi ezivakaliswe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, ithiyori kwakhe kwi kumaxesha amandulo eyayikho okuqhubekayo umgca zokuzifaka apha aphesheya ukulaba kwilizwekazi kubini. Ukuya wasemantla umiwe zizizwe zalapho emzantsi - wabalimi. abantu amavila bathwaxwa ekuhlaselweni loonothwal kunye nokukhusela ilizwe labo wamisa udonga ukuzithethelela. Ababhali-mbali baye uyifake zonke iinqaba ezazikhona ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwilizwekazi eYurophu, bathi nqa. KwiAbkhaz, abaseAfrika, iCrimea, Derbent, Balkan Wall, kwenqaba baseRoma, i-Wall Great kunye nezinye izakhiwo kwisixeko samandulo, uninzi lwazo kwasinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, kwixesha elidlulileyo ekude bakha kwikhonkco beqinile. Kwaye nangona theory yabonisa ayamkelwa leyona esemthethweni yembali, yenza ukucinga nzulu malunga idlulileyo uluntu.