I-UN Security Council. Amalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN esisigxina

Phakathi kwemibutho nempembelelo ehlabathini ndinikhumbula njalo i-UN. Ulwazi esebenza ngayo kubalulekile ukuba nabani na ofuna ukuba unolwazi ngezinto eziqhubekayo kwezopolitiko, ezentlalo noqoqosho lweli hlabathi. Yintoni imbali yeziko kwaye ngubani na ipati?

Yintoni UN?

IZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ebizwa uhlobo iziko ngenxa zokusombulula iingxaki zoluntu. Njengenxalenye UN asebenza namanye amaziko amathathu. umsebenzi wawo ujolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba intlonipho umhlaba lonke kwamalungelo oluntu, ukunciphisa ubuhlwempu, yaye umlo rhoqo nezifo kunye neengxaki zokusingqongileyo. Lo mbutho nga ungenelele kwiipolitiki naliphi na ilizwe, ukuba ikhosi akayi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo yokuziphatha. Ngamanye amaxesha isigqibo kweBhunga loKhuseleko leUN kunye nezohlwayo ezahlukeneyo nxamnye kumazwe afana kunokuba ezinzima.

Imbali lombutho

Ukuvela kwe-UN kwenzeka phezu eziliqela yezizathu zomkhosi, ezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho. Uluntu uye wakubona ukuba uthotho olungenasiphelo iimfazwe kujongela ngokuchuma okuqhelekileyo, ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa uxolo, usisiqinisekiso elityebileyo nelinenkqubela. Amanyathelo okuqala ekudalweni mbutho sele yenziwe 1941, xa yasekwa liSebe i-Atlantic Charter kunye Declaration esatyikitywa ngurhulumente weSoviet. Ngelo xesha, iinkokeli amazwe ziye zavela umsebenzi ophambili, nto leyo ukufumana iindlela uxolo ngamazwe. Kunyaka olandelayo e Washington kumazwe ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu inxaxheba kwi anti-uHitler womanyano, wasayina Declaration of leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Igama yesi sixhobo kwixesha elizayo iza kuba sisiseko igama lombutho. Ngowe-1945, kule nkomfa, apho kwakukho waseUSSR, i-USA, China kunye United Kingdom, uxwebhu lokugqibela, apho kamva waba United Nations Charter yadalwa. 26 Juni - kumhla wokutyikitywa kwesi sivumelwano - kucingwa ukuba imini yeZizwe eziManyeneyo.

Umxholo Charter leZizwe eziManyeneyo

Olu xwebhu lwalo siseko wedemokrasi uluntu. Kuba lilo amalungelo oluntu, evunywe kwesidima nokuxabiseka zonke zobomi, ukulingana kwabafazi namadoda, nokulingana kwabantu ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho Charter, injongo ye-UN kukugcina uxolo ehlabathini kwaye bethetha zonke iintlobo lweemfazwe neempikiswano. Ilungu ngalinye lombutho ithathwa izakulingana kwabanye, yaye kunyanzelekile ukuphumeza kuzo zonke izibophelelo. Akukho lizwe unelungelo ukusongela abanye okanye ukusebenzisa amandla. I-UN unelungelo lokungenelela ngamajoni ngaphakathi naliphi na ilizwe. Lo Mqulu iyagxininisa ukungafihlisikuthetha mbutho. Yiba ilungu naliphi na ilizwe ngoxolo.

UN isimiso ukusebenza

Lo mbutho akubonakalisi elona urhulumente naliphi na ilizwe kwaye umthetho. Phakathi amandla alo iquka ubonelelo-mali, nto leyo ukuncedisa ekuphelisweni nezomhlaba, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa nemiba yezopolitiko. kwilizwe ngalinye ukuba ilungu umbutho bangavakalisa uluvo lwabo. Amalungu eziphambili kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuze iqwalasele, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko, i eBhunga lenkqubo yezizwe, i-Economic and Social, yaye ekugqibeleni, i Secretariat. Bonke eNew York. I-International Court of Human Rights, aseYurophu, yaye ngokukodwa, kwisixeko Dutch of The Hague.

iBhunga lezoKhuseleko

Ngenxa yeemfazwe rhoqo yaye ingcinezelo eqaqanjelwa phakathi kwamanye amazwe, eli qumrhu kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN lenziwa kumazwe elinesihlanu. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezilishumi kuzo amaxesha ngamaxesha onyulwe ngokuhambelana nenkqubo ethile. amazwe amahlanu kuphela ukuba gqolo zibandakanyiwe kwi UN Security Council: Russia, eBritani, China, i-United States kunye neFransi. Ukuba umbutho lithathe isigqibo, kufuneka ukuba uvote kuba bafaka amalungu ubuncinane asithoba. Amaxesha amaninzi isiphumo iintlanganiso ukuba isisombululo. Ngaphambi kwabo, iBhunga yamkela ngaphezu kwama 1,300.

njani le umzimba?

Ngexesha ukhona, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN ezikhuphile inani elithile iindlela kunye iindlela zempembelelo kwi imeko ehlabathini. igunya State angase ekugwetyweni, ukuba izenzo zelizwe ayikho iyangqinelana noMgaqo-siseko. Ekusondeleni kwexesha elidlulileyo, amalungu eBhunga loKhuseleko lweZizwe eziManyeneyo ayenganelisekanga kakhulu-nkqubo woMzantsi Afrika. Kuba ukuziphatha kukarhulumente kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo phantsi kocalucalulo lizwe. Esinye isimo Afrika, nto leyo iphazamisa nentlangano, baqala imisebenzi zomkhosi nxamnye kwamanye amazwe Undlunkulu welizwe. Kule akhawunti kuMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo zadalwa izisombululo ezininzi. Kaninzi abhenele urhulumente kuquka yokuyeka impi, imfuno ngokurhoxiswa mkhosi. Okwangoku, eyona ukhathazeka malunga UN Security Council of Ukraine. Zonke iimpawu lombutho zijoliswe ukusombulula iingxabano ngoxolelwaniso. Umsebenzi ofanayo sele kusetyenziswa ngexesha ukusonjululwa womba wasePalestina nasebudeni imfazwe elalisakuba yiYugoslavia.

nomlando

Ngowe-1948, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN waseka indlela yokuhlala, ukusetyenziswa amaqela njengombukeli kunye imisebenzi zomkhosi lokuqaphela. Babemele ukulawula, njengoko kwimeko, apho ezazithunyelwe lizakuya kusombululo uyangqinelana neemfuno ukuyekwa impi ziphele-mlilo. Kude kube 1973 ezi ababukeleyo wathumela amalungu kuphela asisigxina eBhunga loKhuseleko leUN phakathi kwamazwe Koloni. Emva kulo nyaka, kunye namagosa Soviet baye babe yinxalenye uthumo. Bathunyelwa kuqala ePalestina. abasemagunyeni nelawula Abaninzi ukulawula imeko kuMbindi Mpuma. Ukongeza, amalungu asisigxina eBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN zenze elizimisele ukwenza imisebenzi yabo eLebhanon, India, Pakistan, Uganda, eRwanda, El Salvador, Tajikistan kunye namanye amazwe.

Intsebenziswano kunye neminye imibutho

Imisebenzi yeBhunga rhoqo sikhatshwe umsebenzi nemibutho kunye namaqumrhu zemimandla. Intsebenziswano wesinxibo uhlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa uthethwano rhoqo, inkxaso ozakuzo, ekulondolozeni, ngokuqaphela koxolo. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko UN isenokuqhutywa ngokudibene OSCE, njengoko kwenzekayo ngexesha ngquzulwano e Albania. Umbutho uphelekwe namaqela kokusingqongileyo ukulawula imeko entshonalanga kwelizwekazi leAfrika. Xa imfazwe le Georgia weZizwe eziManyeneyo kwesele ico uxolo amandla.
EHaiti, iBhunga wavumelana OAS kwi-sikhokelo uthumo yoluntu jikelele.

izixhobo Security Council

inkqubo yokuhlaliswa kongquzulwano zehlabathi qho eziphuculweyo zaphuculwa. A indlela eziphuhliswe kutsha nje kolawulo izisongelo zenyukliya kunye nokusingqongileyo, uthintelo loqhambuko kwempixano, yokushiywa, iintlekele zemvelo, indlala kunye nezifo. Ulwazi nganye kwezi ndawo uhlala kuhlalutywa ziingcali kula macandelo, equlungqa enkulu kangakanani emngciphekweni. Ukuba isikali yayo kanti ngenene, le meko iya kwaziswa ukuba usihlalo kweBhunga loKhuseleko leUN. Emva koko, izigqibo ziya kwenziwa malunga nezenzo kunokwenzeka kunye namanyathelo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, baya kuba imizimba inxaxheba kunye nezinye UN. Okona kuphambili lombutho - bokuphathisana lokuthintela. Zonke izixhobo yamanyathelo ezopolitiko, ezomthetho kunye ozakuzo ezijolise ekuthinteleni iimbambano. IBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngokubonakalayo inegalelo kuxolelwano, uxolo kunye nezinye iintshukumo zokuthintela. Eyona ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana nokusebenza yokugcina uxolo. iziganeko ezinjalo ngexesha ubukho weZizwe eziManyeneyo sele kuqhutywa ngaphezu amahlanu. Phantsi OPM kuqondwa uthotho lokwenzekayo zomkhosi buso, amapolisa kunye nabasebenzi zokunxiba, ezijolise uzinzo meko.

Ukubeka iliso nokubekwa kwezohlwayo

IBhunga lezoKhuseleko iquka imibutho ancedisayo eziliqela. Zikhona lokulawula izohlwayo UN. La maqumrhu ekunokuthiwa iQumrhu Council weKomishini yeMbuyekezo, iKhomishini Special kwi imeko phakathi Iraq kunye Kuwait, iKomiti eYugoslavia, Libya, Somalia, Angola, eRwanda, esiti, Liberia, Sierra Lion kunye Sudan. Umzekelo, e Southern Rhodesia ulawulo ngenyameko phezu imeko yezoqoqosho kukhokelele ekupheliseni urhulumente elinobuhlanga, ukubuyiswa kwabemi geqe Zimbabwe kaThixo. Ngo-1980 eli lizwe yaba lilungu le-UN. Nokulunga kolawulo walubonakalalisa ngokwayo apha eMzantsi Afrika, Angola kunye Haiti. Nakuba kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwezinye iimeko, izohlwayo baye eziliqela neziphumo ezibi. Kumazwe angabamelwane amanyathelo eyamkelwe UN bajika eziphathekayo umonakalo zemali. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle ungenelelo le meko kuya kukhokelela nemiphumo emibi kakhulu ukuba ihlabathi liphela, ngoko ezinye iindleko kakhulu zizizathu.

Imithetho malunga iBhunga Charter

Ngaphandle kokuba ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo ukusetyenziswa kumxholo wawakhoakulula, impikiswano, umzimba UN kufuneka asebenze ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Oku isigqibo yi-Charter. Ngokutsho kwakhe, umbutho kufuneka ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo ukwenza izigqibo. Ilungu ngalinye leBhunga lezoKhuseleko kufuneka ahlale exhulumene UN kwangoko ukwenza imisebenzi yalo likaxakeka. Umsantsa phakathi Iintlanganiso zeGunya akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini. Ngamanye amaxesha le mthetho na nohlonipheke practice. Ngokutsho komyinge woqikelelo, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko ukuya zasedeny esemthethweni malunga amaxesha asixhenxe anesixhenxe kulo nyaka.