Uphando Indlela yokwenza in yokuhlalisana

Nayiphi isayensi isekelwe nendlela yayo - inkqubo imithetho kunye nemigaqo of acquisition kunye nokuqhutywa ulwazi lwenzululwazi ezithile. Survey methodology - ke iindlela ezithile ukuba kukho kukhethwe ihlabathi izibakala kunye neentlobo ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Ngaphezu koko, abaninzi ezifunyaniswe inzululwazi ziye kwenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha uphando, nto leyo wanikwa ithuba lokuba bajonge izinto eziqhelekileyo kwenye ngendlela engaqhelekanga, eyayimenza entsha. Sinokuthi indlela yokufunda imbono ethile yehlabathi okanye nesenzeko leyo, nayo, efanele ulwazi obengo, ngenye indlela, naliphi na iindlela angeyomfuneko, asinto zanto. Yiyiphi enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuqaqambisa umba iziseko methodological zesayensi? Le umphandi ubuchule ngokuchanekileyo ukumela iziphumo ezifunyenweyo, kwakunye nokuthobela ethical ekufumaneni iziphumo, kubaluleke ngakumbi zenzululwazi enxulumene nasekufundweni komntu kunye noluntu.

Ngoku makhe sithethe nkcukacha zophando lwezenhlalo. Kwabantu - inzululwazi, apho indlela echazwe samkelwa nzima ngokwaneleyo, nangona yokuba akazange abe uhlobo, iindlela ezizodwa kuphela wayo okusegazini. Kodwa ke into yokuba iindlela isosioloji ukuqokelela nokuhlalutya izixa ezikhulu data, uze ukhethe lowo wasekunene oko kumlungele na ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi ethile eyabelwe ukuba izazinzulu, kunzima. Imbi ke ngezentlalo lowo, ngoyaba, mhlawumbi, nocwangciso umsebenzi yekhabhinethi encinane nangoko "" endaweni endle ukuqokelela idatha enokwehla, kancinane ecinga isiphelo ngenxa yomsebenzi zenzululwazi. Imisebenzi kwabantu, iqala kwi-ofisi, apho prostraivaet isicwangciso inyathelo ngokucacileyo ukuba sichaza iinjongo zesifundo ezizayo, ikhetha indlela efanelekileyo ukulungiselela le njongo, yaye emva koko nje liqhuba uphando lwezenhlalo.

Eneneni, indlela uphando lwezenhlalo ngokulandelelana wenza njongo zilandelayo ephambili: 1) nokuqulunqwa isakhelo sengqiqo; 2) definition zophando injongo, zayo iiyunithi, neenjongo kunye neethagethi; 3) kuqulunqo a hypothesis; 4) Uphuhliso isicwangciso somsebenzi kwakunye ukuqokelelwa uhlahlelo reseach schema data; 5) ukulungiselela abanobuchule kwi iziphumo zengxelo.

Thina elichaza kabanzi intsingiselo kunye nomxholo ngamnye wemisebenzi ngezentlalo, xa kujongwa indlela yophando.

Ukuthelekisa lwesikhokelo ingqiqo kubandakanya nokutolikwa kolwazi ithiyori kunye nemimiselo ngokungqinelana data enokwehla ukwenzela ukudala ulwazi oluchanekileyo into uphando, nto leyo nayiphi na imeko mazenziwe ngoncedo nezimaphambili ezingundoqo. Oku kunceda ukuba ukujonga indlela apho kudlula ukuqokelelwa i "yasendle" data. Le nkqubo ikakhulu ngokuhlaziya uncwadi efanelekileyo kumxholo umdla.

Indlela yophando ubandakanya inkcazo iinjongo zalo kunye neenjongo. Injongo - ekupheleni ngenxa yomsebenzi lwezenzululwazi, kwaye oko kwenziwa ngezigaba ezibini: ithiyori kwaye aluncedo. In lokuqala - ezikhethiweyo ukuba olu phando ebalulekileyo sixhobo sengqiqo, kwaye inyathelo lesibini processing kunye nokucaciswa yonke ingcaciso ayifumene ngexesha experiment, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa iingcebiso eziyimfuneko.

Ngokumalunga iinjongo zesifundo, ukuba concretize injongo amisiweyo, kubetha nenqanaba umsebenzi sisazinzulu ukuze siphumelele ngokwenene.

Indlela Uphando ngokuyimfuneko esiqulethe into ebalulekileyo ezifana, njengokuba hypothesis. Ngaphandle naziphi na awayefike phambi zophando lwezenzululwazi aliphelelanga kwaye ingaqwalaselwa. Ngapha koko, iziphumo zokugqibela kufuneka angqinelane lowu hypothesis uphando lokuqala. Bemka kuphela emva kokuba ziya kuba ezikholisayo nabathembekayo. Ekubekweni kwayo nantoni na awayefike sele zakhiwe mazwi kwemiqathango esichazayo "Ukuba ..., ngoko ....", Apho inxalenye yokuqala yoyilo - meko, kwaye eyesibini - yinto ngenxa yale meko. Iziphumo yokugqibela ukuqinisekisa okanye ukungqinisisa yoko, kulo mzekelo, hypothesis kuqinisekisiwe okanye ayiqinisekiswanga. Noko ke, isiqinisekiso ye hypothesis akuthethi ingqiniseko yayo ubhalo kodwa ibonisa kuphela ukuba kungenzeka.

plan Umsebenzi ibonisa yonke imisebenzi ezisisiseko neendlela ngophando ecetywayo ukulandelelana, yena acwangcise yonke inkqubo ze basasaze loxanduva phakathi beqonga.

Okokugqibela, indlela uphando kuquka uphuhliso ingxelo anobuchule eneenkcukacha kwiziphumo ngokwawo umsebenzi owenziwayo. It iqulathe inothi explanatory, nto leyo ebonisa ukulandelelana lwenkqubo kunye kwizihlomelo eziya zayo, nto leyo ebonisa iintlobo yemizobo, amaxwebhu, iikhweshine, iimvavanyo, iifomu, njl

Sizame ukuchaza ii-amacandelo zixhaphakileyo le ndlela uphando, nto leyo ebonisa ihambo yayo kunye nesiphumo.