Diffraction yokukhanya: imibuzo neempendulo

Ukukhanya ebesoloko twisiseka nomtsalane ebantwini. Waye ezinxulumene amagunya awongamileyo. Ukukhanya wanikela ubomi - kwaye yakuqonda abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ubungqina - ukunqulwa umthombo wokukhanya - kwelanga. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba zonke nesenzeko umntu ayikwazanga sachaza ngokusekelwe kulwazi leyo ahlala kuyo kakhulu. Enye yezi nesenzeko, ezivame ingqalelo umntu uthi - le diffraction ukukhanya. Yintoni na?

Simanga zingabonakala buqu, ukuba ndithe ndiphoswe ray ukukhanya ngokuthi kuvulwe elimxinwa kwaye ujonge endaweni ethile ukukhanya udlule kuyo. Siyabona ukuba ehlabathini umda - alternating imivumbo ezimnyama kunye nokukhanya. Kutheni sibona umfanekiso nto?

Isibakala sokuba kwiindawo ezithile ehlabathini ndawo amaza ukomeleza omnye komnye, yaye ezinye, phezu koko, ezimelene, yaye ke ngoko rhoxisa bodwa. I zejometri iparameters ezithile ipateni onesiphumo baxhomekeke ngamaza (ngoko ukuba amaza okukhanya ebomvu, eluhlaza iya kuba ipatheni diffraction ezahlukeneyo) kunye sangqa umqadi ukukhanya. Uba ikhowuni zezindlu. Nguwo lowo diffraction lokukhanya. Kodwa lo mkhuba impefumlelwano amaza kuthiwa kokuphazanyiswa. Eli gama esenzeka kwinkulungwane ye-19. Ukuphazamisa kunye diffraction yokukhanya - nesenzeko nabesoloko ayichazwa kwiincwadi physics.

Yintoni na isicelo ngayo le meko emzimbeni? athathe ingqalelo xa kudalwa izixhobo ezisebenzisa (iikhamera, iimikroskopu, yerediyo), kuba zonke abanazo lens ukuba umda wayo umqadi udini ukukhanya.

Ukwahlula diffraction kwindawo kufutshane (indawo apho falling umqadi eziphathekayo ekufutshane njengomqobo). Le meko uthwele igama Fresnel diffraction. Kodwa ukuba diffraction nosentsimini kude (ray zihlanganise malunga ngaxeshanye), yamachiza basenokuthi i Fraunhofer diffraction. Yena unalo impahla ukwazi; ukuba umngxuma mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, ngoko diffraction uya kuhlala ezingabonakaliyo.

Kwakhona kule ncwadi ye physics sijongene kwikota nothango diffraction. Yintoni na? isixhobo Optical, nto leyo kwipleyiti ngaphaya okanye ebonisa imivumbo parallel isicelo. Xa udlula ukukhanya emhlophe, ingabonwa ukwahlulwa spectrum ukukhanya. Ewe, Ilibele sobisi ezinemibala ngemibala umnyama. Prism inikezela spectrum omnye kuphela, kwaye kwendlu - ezimbalwa. Ngoko akukho namnye; ngokuba ukukhanya zahlulwe zaba imiqadi kwasekwa bands ezahlukeneyo, ixesha elide spectra, kokukhona engile imitha zokutenxa kuyo kwicala yokuqala.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba uyakwazi kucanda grille kuphela ukukhanya omhlophe. Kodwa ukukhanya ezosulela into. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba Uhlalutyo kwaye achonge ukwakhiwa iisampuli. Ngokutsho indlela imitha abasala emva edlula diffraction nothango, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga noko umphandi uniphethe.

Ke wena, nawe, ndibone diffraction nothango lwaso lobhedu, sesibonile. Kwamathandabuzo? Oko kwenzeka xa ixesha lokugqibela nawe ebambelele ikhompyutha drive. Wadlala kakuhle yonke imibala yomnyama. Nina nikubonile, ngaphandle kokubonakala oko, le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa diffraction ukukhanya. Le ndawo kwi diski apho idatha hillocks obungabonakaliyo (ngoko ke Uqhubo uvakalelo kakhulu umonakalo), kunye ushicilelo lwenziwa isangqa, ngoko laser idiskhi umphezulu - uthango esiqinileyo.

Noko ke, cinga isenzeko diffraction ngokusondeleyo. Kwaye ufumanise ukuba yintoni na diffraction wokukhanya, ukuba uchaze ngolwimi olulula. Ngoko ke, ukuba imitha ahlangabezane isithintelo kungenwa nto, kwimitha ukukhanya badlula kufuphi kanye ekupheleni kwayo, musa ukuya ekunene, amaza ngokungathi begoba malunga imiqobo abadibana endleleni. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, iliza uyakwazi ukugoba ngokupheleleyo ngeenxa zonke izinto ukuba umkhulu ubude bayo.

Kuyanda ekufundeni physics!