"Unqulo - umlaliso wabantu." Ngubani na ke umbhali kweli binzana?

Uninzi lwethu luqhelene ibinzana elithi "Unqulo -. Umlaliso wabantu" Abantu basoloko bayisebenzise kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, kodwa asinguye wonk 'ubani ucinga malunga negunya layo.

Sekunjalo, owathi la mazwi okwesihlandlo sokuqala? Yaye le nto beye baba zande kangaka? Sizama ukuphendula iinkcukacha zale mibuzo.

Ngubani kuqala bathi eli binzana?

Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba elona xesha lokuqala ibinzana elithi "Unqulo - umlaliso wabantu 'elisetyenziswe ngayo imisebenzi yakhe, abameli ababini zehlabathi uncwadi Western: i Marquis de Sade kunye Novalis. Nangona engagqibekanga sele ifumaneka kwi imisebenzi abameli wezinto yiEnlightenment, ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-18, kodwa nangoku uthathwa ukuba okokuqala la mazwi athethwa ngomnye namaqhawekazi imisebenzi Marquis de Sade.

Xa inoveli, i Marquis de Sade ebizwa ngokuba "Juliette", epapashwe ngowe 1797, umlinganiswa ophambili, ubhekisela kukumkani, wamxelela ukuba nabaphetheyo wabasemagunyeni yoluntu ekhohlisa abantu, intoxicates kuye umlaliso. Ikwenza oku ngenxa izilangazelelo yabo egwenxa.

Le ndlela, ibinzana kwi ukutyhilwa Marquis de Sade musa zibhekisela unqulo, kodwa kubume bentlalo uluntu apho abanye abantu, yomxhaso indawo ephezulu, owayehlala iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nobuhlwempu zabanye.

inkolo Novalis

Noko ke, imisebenzi imbongi Novalis isiphumo German lonqulo sele inxulumene ngqo yesenzo umlaliso. Inkolo njengoko umlaliso kuchaphazela abantu, kodwa oko akuthethi ndiyipholise imivumbo yabo, kodwa ubulala kuphela intlungu ukubandezeleka.

Ngokubanzi, eli binzana nto yokungabi okanye eneenkani. Kuloo minyaka, umlaliso wasala usetyenziswa ndindisholo ephambili, ngoko ibingento ichiza kwaye njengendlela yenkxaso abantu abagulayo.

Ngokweenjongo zalo mbongo ngu Novalis, elibhekisela isiphumo iintlungu lonqulo kungenzeka ukuba engqondweni into yokuba unqulo ungenza kubomi yoluntu amanqaku ayo HIV, ukunciphisa intlungu iingxaki zentlalo ukuze nelingenakutsitywa na xesha.

"Unqulo - kuba abantu umlaliso" Ngubani owathetha la mazwi eNgilani?

Ibinzana ngokubaluleka lonqulo, silatyuzwa ngemisebenzi Novalis kunye Marquis de Sade ange undilibele, ukuba awuphinde kwavela eNgilani.

La mazwi wathi intshumayelo yakhe, umfundisi waseTshetshi Charlz Kingsli. Waye ubuntu enemibala: indoda enengqondo abafundileyo, Kingsley waba ngomnye wabaseki izimvo socialism zamaKristu - zokufundisa, nto leyo ibandakanya ngokutsha yoluntu imigaqo yamaKristu yokuziphatha.

Ibinzana elithi "Unqulo - umlaliso wabantu 'yesazi yalo umbingeleli osetyenziswayo lithetha" a iintlungu umthomalalisi. "

Inyaniso kukuba phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ngeengcinga Koloni babe Kwiingxoxo ezishushu malunga indlela kufuneka bakhethwe ukuba ubuntu endleleni zobuntu zamaKristu, socialism zamaKristu, indlela zobusoshiyali yokungabi, okanye nje wokugcinwa ekhoyo ehlabathini.

Elinye iqela Kingsley waba bulumko eyaziwayo-kakuhle yaye umbhali uKarl Marx.

Oko Marx uthe?

Ubukhulu becala ngenxa Marx, eli binzana kwaye abanemfundo ezifundwayo. Kwincwadi yakhe edumileyo "Le amadlala Philosophy Hegel ngayo Right", eyapapashwa ngo-1843, i-sobulumko kunye vehemence yinqobo kuye kuvele lowu unqulo yindlela ukusizolisa uluntu, evakalisa umnqweno abantu ukuba abaleke ukongamela bemvelo yabo kunye nemithetho engenabulungisa uluntu.

Kude kube ngoko, bambalwa zobulumko nabuganga kumajelo eendaba ukuba babhale la magama ngonqulo. Enyanisweni, yaba amahlumelo yokuqala eshumayela ukungakholelwa elizayo ndawonye, ngubani wathimba ihlabathi kwamashumi kuphela kamva.

Mhlawumbi ngokwakhe ngaphandle kokubonakala kuyo kude kube sekupheleni, wenza lukhulu ukutshabalalisa iingcamango zamaKristu babecinga e Western Marx. "Unqulo - umlaliso wabantu '- eli binzana ngengqiqo ukuba kwakuthetha ngumshumayeli socialism, kwaba kuyoyikisa ukuba umntu kakhulu inkolo. ukubhubhisa kwakhe ebonakaliswa yokuba inkolo uguqulwa kwiziko loluntu, ubudlelwane ngokwezentlalo wayivala umba ebusweni bukaThixo kwihlabathi yabantu.

umsebenzi Marx kuye kwabangela esikhulu ukungaxoli, ngoko ke ibinzana ngonqulo bakhumbula bexesha.

imibhalo uLenin phezu kwenkolo

Kodwa kakhulu ngakumbi ukuqonda kwabo unqulo waya V. I. Lenin. Revolutionary, owaba uvavanyo entle umbandela 'umthetho kaThixo "kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngowe-1905, wabhala unqulo njengendlela ingcinezelo yokomoya ekufuneka ngaphandle kwenkqubo loluntu.

Ngoko ke, umbhali we ibinzana elithi "Unqulo - umlaliso ebantwini" (ibinzana epheleleyo izandi ngokungqalileyo kufana "Unqulo - umlaliso wabantu") kungathathwa nje Vladimira Ilicha.

Emva eminye iminyaka 4, uLenin wathetha ngonqulo kwaye ngakumbi, kuchaziwe kwinqaku kwakhe ibinzana Marx kufuneka iqondwe kakuhle Marxism, leyo imi phezu kukuba unqulo yindlela amakhoboka abantu iiklasi alawulayo.

Okokugqibela, wathi Ostap Bender?

Emva kokuba umgca wesikhokeli, imisebenzi Marx kunye nabo sele ngenkuthalo bafunda kwizikolo Soviet kunye neeyunivesithi. amabinzana amaninzi ziye zafunyanwa ngexesha elifanayo ahlekisayo ukuya ebantwini.

Negalelo kule uncwadi satirical loo minyaka. Xa inoveli, ababhali ezimbini I. Ilf and Petrov kaThixo "izitulo elinambini" wamazwe oselula Ostap Bender ubuza umntu okhuphisana zakhe umbingeleli malunga indlela uthengisa umlaliso wabantu. Le mpikiswano phakathi abalinganiswa ababini kwabhalwa krelekrele ukuba umlaliso binzana zithandwa kakhulu.

Ngoko ke namhlanje, xa umntu esebenzisa ibinzana kwi engqondweni imisebenzi Marx Lenin, yaye ingxoxo phakathi amaqhawe ezimbini kwinoveli odumileyo.

Ngoko kwenzeka ukuba jikelele, e uLenin intsingiselo yakhe, eli binzana akathathanga iingcambu kuluntu lwethu. Inkolo namhlanje ibingento njengendlela ukunxila. Oku akuthethi ichiza ekhokelela abantu zibe kwimeko ukunxila, kwaye uncedo kunye nenkxaso kubantu ithetha.

Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba abaninzi bethu bayazi kakuhle ibinzana elithi "Inkolo -. The umlaliso wabantu abathi la mazwi, nto kubaluleke kangaka, ngenxa yokuba ibinzana ngoku kusetyenziswa ngakumbi emthanjeni ezihlekisayo. Kwaye oku kungabi yinto enokufane iguquke.