Lo moya La-7: iinkcukacha, imizobo, iifoto

moya Soviet La-7 yadalwa OKB-21 (isixeko Gorky, ngoku Nizhny Novgorod -). Wabakhokela uphuhliso SA Lavochkin - enye nabayili best eSoviet. Lo moya wayengomnye ndlela inempumelelo yokulwa moya ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Wahlanganisa weyona misebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu ukongama umoya - uphume kunye nezixhobo.

Overview

LA-7 - moya, leyo sibenokubizwa njengendawo monoplane (isixhobo esinye isibini ngamaphiko). It has a-injini enye, ibekwe isaphetha, isihlalo single - ekuza kulingwa kuzo. Engaphambili - moya-mlilo 5, nayo yaphuhliswa kwi-21 m EDO. Kwase yokuqala moya (nge khowudi LA-120) wayisusa ngoNovemba 1943.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1944, wacezela ngempumelelo iimvavanyo kusatyiwe, amcamagushele ukulwa umsebenzi. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe ukusuka yokuthutha wehla ngaphezu kwama 5,700 karma La-7. Ngokutsho abaqhubi abaninzi eSoviet, lo moya engcono: siqonde né yayo, isantya, ukuthembeka kunye firepower. Xa eqeqesha a Fighters aphezulu-class siyaqiniseka woyise nawuphi ace of Wesithathu.

Indaba

LA-7 kusisiphumo nasekusungulweni uzobe olwenziwe kuthotho moya eziliqela. I yokuqala ukuvela Fighters LaGG-2 (ephuhliswe ngowe-1939) kunye LaGG-3 (th 1940). indalo wabo ziyahlalwa abayili M. Gudkov kunye Gorbunov. Le umlweli yesibini ekwaziyo okubhabha ngesantya 600 km / h - ngokukhawuleza moya German eklasini yayo. Kodwa yena ibinzima: 600 kg ngaphezu Yak-1. Uphume LaGG-3 kunye caca eyashiya ukuba ezinqwenelekayo.

Ngowe-1942 kwafika LA-5 kunye injini lula, bungqinelwa kakuhle Idabi Stalingrad. Moya entsha wayephakamile "Messerschmitt", kwaba kangangoko ezimbini 20-ezinga- gun ukuvuleka, yaye ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwe "isiJamani" kunye isixhobo esinye, zincediswa ngemipu ezimbini ngomatshini.

Ngowe-1943, ngexesha le Battle of Kursk, Air Force yelizwe ifumene isizukulwana esitsha mlilo - LA-5FN kunye injini uprated, ilula kwaye kube lula ukulawula. Nkqu zakutshanje isiJamani "Focke-Wulf-190 'ayikwazanga kuba okhuphisana-moya eSoviet. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ekupheleni kuka-1943 avuke imodeli entsha nomoya - LA-7. Phezu kwayo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-umlweli yangaphambili, kwakukho umpu wesithathu, kwakunye moya ikwazi ukufikelela ngesantya 680 km / h.

design buchopho

Le ndoda yasikhuphayo nokudalwa LA-7 - amadlozi Alekseevich Lavochkin. Yena - yegolide, ngo-1918-1920 wakhonza kwi Red Army namabutho wezwe. Emva koko izixholoxholo tehuchilische Moscow Higher (ngoku MSTU. Bauman), apho wafumana uvumo yinjineli Aeromechanics. Isihloko yethisisi yakhe enxulumene nophuhliso bomber.

Ukuze asebenze kushishino aviakonstruktorskoy Semyon waqalisa ngasekupheleni 20 ubudala, owokuqala akubon 'ukuba alwe ukuba umyili-moya ukuze fleet waseUSSR, uze emva koko uye ukusebenza ngomhla wokulwa. Kwisiqingatha sesibini 30, xa ngumonde, urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukunikela ingqalelo eyodwa kuphuhliso Air Force ehlabathini. Lavochkin Qala SN Lyushin wadala moya LL-1, abaxhobileyo ngemipu ugesi rektivnymi. Kamva kwafika kwase I-301, equlathe imizobo noyilo. LA 7 ufumbethe inkangeleko zobunjineli noxanduva Imbewu yayo Alekseevich loo minyaka.

iimpawu

Ngesantya kunye nezinga caca-moya La-7, umgaqo, efana naleyo ye La-5FN. Ukucutha Isantya karma yaba 680 km / h (xa endiza nomphakamo 6 amawaka eemitha.), Ixabiso Khawula kweli lizwe - 597 km / h. Range LA-7 hambo 635 km, ukuphakama isilingi - 10 km-750 m.

Khwela karma - 1098 iimitha ngomzuzu. ubude Machine - 8,60 m, ukuphakama - 2,54 m ubunzima ongenanto -. 2605 kg Loaded - 3265 kg. Area Iphiko mbono - 17.5 macala onke. m ubunzima isuka lininzi -. 3400 kg. Namaphiko lo moya - 9,80 m LA-7 Injini -. Enye iindidi ezintathu 82FN-DB, DB-83 Fighter okanye 71. 1850 uye enjini nityhala (oko kulingana 1380 kW). Enye indlela ezahlukene phakathi LA-7 ukusuka moya yangaphambili - uyilo ezilula (ngenxa yokuba amalungu kwicala ngentsimbi).

izikhali

Isixhobo kulwa moya La-7 abantu, njengoko umthetho, ezimbini-20 mm uhlobo kunaso ShVAK okanye imipu ezintathu uhlobo olufanayo B-20 abanjalo. Baba nako ukuthintela shot libetha yabe bendiza, ngokuseka kubo synchronizer hydromechanical. Ezakhiwe ngayo umpu ngokubanzi ShVAK waba rounds 200 isixhobo nganye. Kwakhona amaqokobhe nezikhali intw weentonga lihlaba uhlobo sigade (nako imngene isikrweqe ukuya ku-22 mm kunye kumgama 100 m), kwakunye ukohlulwa uhlobo iimbumbulu sigade. Phantsi kwamaphiko-moya ingaba iziqhushumbisi iseti (ukuya kwi 100 kg ephiko ngalinye). Uninzi aba amaqokobhe ntlobo FAB-50 100, ZAB-50, 100 (kombhalo kubonisa ukuqhushumba mass - 50 okanye 100 kg).

ukushiyeka

Iingcali Military wachaza ukuba lo moya iLa-7 ukususela amaxesha ngamaxesha azivumi kusebenza hydraulics. Akuzange kube yinto ethe ngcembe yaye injini mbono. Ngenxa yokuba isibalo umoya injini kweli moya iphiko, baba ugcwale kunye impahla uthuli ngexesha isuka kunye kokwehla. Ngoko ke, lo injini akwazi azivumi kusebenza. Le propati ngoyaba leengcaphephe iimvavanyo karhulumente: Ukwamkela kwenzeka ebusika, xa kungekho uthuli.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuba injini kwi-LA-5FN Wakhanyela anqabe kakhulu kwi LA-7. Oil epholile ibekwe phantsi fuselage-moya, yaye ngenxa yoko kule ndlwana litshisa kakhulu (malunga 40 degrees ebusika kunye 55 ehlotyeni). Bendiza kuba nzima kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba lo moya yawa greenhouse zeemoto evela injini, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi lawisa kwi condensate yeglasi.

Thelekisa iimveliso efanayo: Theory and Practice

LA-7 moya, nto leyo eye umfanekiso iincwadi ezininzi lweenqwelo Soviet, kudla waqonda njenge ukulwa, kude lee oogxa babo German - FW-190 yaye "Messerschmitt-109". Noko ke, bendiza ngokwabo wathi ukulwa lo moya yaseJamani kwakunzima gqitha. Umzekelo, ukwenza likude, ngokutsho kwezinye Aces eSoviet, "amaJamani" ababelungile kakhulu kulo matshini. Ngoko ke, ukuze baphumelele umlo ukuba utshaba wenza ngathi aerobatics, akunakwenzeka ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela abaqhubi abanolwazi eSoviet Air Force.

Kodwa ke, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, kwi LA-7 Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukukhetha ngenxa iseti elibukhali ngesantya. Ekubeni ikwazile ukufumana olusondeleyo amaJamani akwazi kuhlasela utshaba. Kunjalo Iimpawu bend radius (uphume tyaba) kwi LA-7 ukuvumela ethetha ukongama phezu moya waseJamani. Oku ngenxa yesimo umlweli eSoviet etikweni iyalayisha: malunga 190 kg / macala m. (Xa "isiJamani" - ngaphezulu kwe-200 kg / sq.m.). Ngoko LA-7 bandinikele imizuzwana 3-4 ngokukhawuleza kunokuba, umzekelo, "Focke-Wolf".

amava yokulwa

LA-7 - ukuba loo moya, owenza combat imisebenzi yabo, IN Kozhedub - edume pilot, Hero eSoviet Union izihlandlo ezithathu. Ukulwa indlela kwaqalwa eqeqesha kwi LA-5, nto leyo uthulele phantsi moya kweshumi eziliqela. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub wabatshabalalisa 17 izilwi German, ngoloyiso ugcwalise combat kwimisebenzi yayo ngexesha umlo kufuphi eBerlin.

Active ukusetyenziswa kulwa-moya yaqala ngoJuni 1944. Walo mlweli sele imbeko ekhethekileyo Guards regiments eSoviet Air Force. Malunga edume LA-7 wathetha kakuhle AI Pokryshkin - ac Hero eSoviet Union izihlandlo ezithathu. Ekuphumezeni yokulwa nemisebenzi kule moya, ke yena wazixuna phantsi 17 izilwi German, kuquka jet "Messerschmitt-262". pilot Great Soviet wabona LA-7 isampuli obalaseleyo uphume, isantya, amandla weapon: yonke lwendibanisela ngokugqibeleleyo zakho ozithandayo "ifomula" ace "isantya, amaqhinga kunye umlilo."

Lo moya hero

LA 7 mbali ye Patriotic Omkhulu enxulumene ngokwesithethe ne igama Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub ngubani amanqaku 64 winile (nayiphi enye ace anti-uHitler angalawuliyo akusekho). amadabi akhawunti elilinge wavula ngoMatshi 1943 kwi ezontathu La-5. Koko Kozhedub yenza olu hlobo lwe-moya ukulwa 146 nokuhlasela inkqonkqoze 20 "isiJamani". NgoMeyi 1944, umqhubi wafudukela LA-5FN, nto leyo lwaqokelelwa imali, Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, omnye kummandla Stalingrad yomfama. Kule moya, wabatshabalalisa iiyunithi 7 utshaba moya. Ngo-Agasti Kozhedub butho yadluliselwa esitsha iSoviet Air Force moya-7 moya mbono. Kule hlobo moya Ivan Nikititch walwa de kube sekupheleni World.

Ngexesha elinye lamaphulo yokulwa LA 7 Kozhedub yahlaselwa, injini yakhe uyekile ukusebenza. Lizimisele ukuba anikezele elutshabeni, ace eSoviet wathumela-moya ukuya kwenye izinto emhlabeni. Kodwa xa mlweli ukuba bawathathe phantsi, i-injini ngesiquphe zuza, kunye Kozhedub, ihamba LA-7 ukusuka kwincopho, emva indiza. Kuyo yonke imfazwe, Ivan Nikitich uziphose zilwe mission izihlandlo 330, inxaxheba iimfazwe 120 emoyeni, abatshabalalisa 64 moya yotshaba. Waye bawongwa iimbasa ezintathu "Gold Star".