Umthi omkhulu: inkcazelo, iifoto, olunomdla

Kweli nqaku sifuna ukuthetha ngento uhlobo ummangaliso - umthi omkhulu? Abo ukubona yona kwixesha lokuqala, kubonakala ukuba imilingo, ngokungathi evela sentsomi. Kodwa enyanisweni ke isityalo enkulu nto kodwa umsequoia.

Ukusuka kwimbali ...

umthi omkhulu uba ubungakanani omkhulu, kubonakala ukuba amasebe awo zifana yokwenene amabamba omkhulu kakhulu. zezityalo ezincinane ukufikelela ukuphakama kuyimitha ezilishumi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko likhula yaye ukuya kwiimitha ezili-110. Kuyabonakala ukuba, umsequoia unembali ende, ukususela amahlathi yale mithi ezazikho ngexesha dinosaur. Ngaloo mihla ke, lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ke kaloku, kule endle bekhula nje kumantla e-California kunye Sierra Nevada.

Kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukujonga yobudala umndilili izityalo ezinkulu zibonisa ukuba musa ubuncinane 3-4 iminyaka eliwaka, nangona ubudala ezinye kufika iminyaka eli-13 amawaka.

Emva kokuba kwafunyanwa mkhulu kangaka umthi baseYurophu itshintshe igama izihlandlo eziliqela. ngeentyatyambo yaseBritani Lindley ogama eWellington (imbeko luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi iWellington) yezityalo, kunye baseMerika baye kubiza Washington yezityalo (imbeko sikaMongameli Washington). Kodwa ezi izihloko ziye ngaphambili sele yabelwe kwezinye izityalo, ngoko ngowe-1939, kwafika umthi ngokuba umsequoia.

Sequoiadendron giganteum: Inkcazo

Umsequoia fanele ku sodidi kwezityalo coniferous usapho evergreen sihlahla. Sisihlandlo sokuqala sale sihlahla baseYurophu busuka emva kunyaka 1833. Okwangoku, umthi omkhulu liphezulu ehlabathini. Libizwa ngokuba "mahogany". I sityalo iinaliti bamantshontsho eluhlaza kunye nentlaka kubomvu-mdaka leyo Ebubanzini - 60 cm, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umthi ukumelana iqabaka. Umsequoia ukuphakama kuyimitha ngaphezu kwekhulu, kwaye ubukhulu umphanda aligalele esisekweni ulingana 10 leemitha. ubunzima Uthelekelelo bakaRafa - hayi ngaphantsi kwe amawaka amabini eetoni. Esi sityalo, ndimkhathalela ikhula kubude 750 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kunye Pacific Ocean kunxweme California.

imithi umsequoia-ubungakanani zithathwa ukuba ibe yeyona enkulu yendalo kwakunye eziphilayo ephilayo enkulu. Phakathi kwazo kukho malunga-50 imithi bade kunathi kweemitha 105. Umthi endala namhlanje ine kweminyaka engama-3,500. An into umdla kukuba kwi komboko ezi zinkulu eziphilayo zabo. Liphile ngokupheleleyo ulele kunye nezinye izityalo ezincinci, izilwanyana kunye nezinto eziphilayo.

Xa usemncane zemithi omkhulu ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (10-20 cm kunyaka ngamnye). Zinelungelo etsobhileyo, isithsaba zamahlathi, kwaye kamva kuba phantsi ngakumbi kwaye nkqo. Njengoko sikhula, amasebe zikwindawo kuphela phezulu umphanda. Amahlumelo ezintsha zana-mdaka.

Izityalo abadala ixolo kubomvu-mdaka eshinyene kakhulu kwaye ethambileyo, oko abazahlulayo esiqwini ifayibha. Le iinaliti zigcinwa kwi amahlumelo ukuya kwiminyaka emine. Iintyatyambo ngo-Apreli-Meyi.

Features emthini omkhulu

umthi omkhulu has iplanga ezixabisekileyo kakhulu, nto leyo ke ezaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwamatye ngentliziyo ebomvu kunye incindi omhlophe (okanye otyheli luthuthu). Umsequoia ixolo aku- elingqingqwa, obomvu iifolo anzongonzongo phezu kobuso, likhusela izityalo evela iimeko zangaphandle.

Edreyi iinkuni emtyaba akuthethi ibole, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kwiphandle emithi aqalisa ukuba atshabalalise ukususela basemgodini igolide kunye abahloli. Wasinda ukuya namhlanje akukho iikopi ezingaphezu kwe-500, nto leyo akhuselwe kwaye zithathwa koovimba bendalo.

Umsequoia yenye mde ehlabathini. Buyakwazi kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-2000. umthi aqolileyo ifikelela iminyaka 400-500.

Apho ezikhulayo umsequoia?

Ukuba sithethe apho ekhulayo umthi omkhulu, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-Cretaceous zizityalo evergreen ziye zasasazwa ngokubanzi kulo kumntla ikhweyitha. Kodwa ngoku a amahlathi kancinane ntsalela Bagciniwe kuphela indawo elinganiselwe nakuMntla Melika. Imithi kukhula zinomtya emxinwa kunxweme wePasifiki. Ubude yale band - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-720 km. Yaye sise ezinobude ka 600-900 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Umsequoia (iifoto aboniswe kweli nqaku) efuna ukwenzelwa kwimozulu ulophu, ngoko umgama oluphezulu ngaphezulu apho Ungasa kude nonxweme - ngumgama oziikhilomitha 48 abaseleyo kwindawo echatshazelwa emanzi umoya elwandle. Phantsi kwezinye iimeko, nje ayinakuba khona.

umthi omkhulu: Interesting Facts

Phila bawa umthi umsequoia ingafiyo, kwaye oko kuyaqhubeka akubuyi ngokusebenzisa kumagqabi zabo. Ukuba akakho okanye akukho nto ukunqanda, ngoko emva komzuzwana baba imithi ezizimeleyo. Uninzi kula maqela zityalo abunjwe nje ngendlela elula hlobo. umthi ngamnye ntsapho wabumba iintsalela amadlozi nepogibshih. Njengomgaqo, izityalo ekhula ngeenxa isiphunzi endala, bakha isangqa. Xa sihlalutya umbandela yemfuza i mini-Ashera, sinako ukubona ukuba oko kunto-nye nokuba isiphunzi, nabo bonke yene.

isigebenga enkulu enye phawu - ecacileyo ixesha shushu, kuphela Conifers, kodwa amasebe yonke. Ngoko ke indlela umdla idityaniswe ukuba shushu.

Imithi ezinkulu eziye asinda ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, amagama abo. Ngoko ke, kukho "Sherman Jikelele", "Bawo lwamahlathi", "Grant Jikelele" kunye nabanye. umthi omkhulu "Bawo amahlathi" ayisekho, kodwa gcina inkcazelo yayo, apho kwakusazeka ukuba isityalo ekufikelelwe 135 ubude kunye nemitha e-kwisiseko sesiqu ilingana no-12 leemitha.

Kodwa umsequoia (ifoto enikwe kweli nqaku) "General Sherman" lunobude omalunga 83 eemitha. Kuqikelelwa ukuba sityalo 1,500 cubic metres iinkuni ezintle, kunye achazwe apha umphanda aligalele esisekweni na ububanzi of kweemitha ezili-11. iza kufuna ukwakhiwa iinqwelo 25 Ukuze baphathe umthi onjalo.

phi ndibona umsequoia?

Ukuze ubone ukuba ikhangeleka ngathi mthi mkhulu kangaka akuyomfuneko ukuba aphaphazele aye kwelinye izwekazi, nje tyelela i Nikita Botanical Gardens kwi eCrimea (kunxweme olusemazantsi). ezimbini Lo mthi inkulu likhule 9 7 Curtin Upper Park Arboretum. Omnye ifikelela 42.5 ubude kunye nesiqu kuba iisentimitha 610. Zombini ezi zityalo ziye etyalwe 1886, kwaye ikamva izithole iimbewu zifunyenwe ngo-1881. Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa namhlanje yobudala imithi engama-136.

iinkuni

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, umsequoia i nemithi egqwesileyo kwaye ngexesha elinye ukukhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, okwangoku luthe lwahluma ehlathini. umthi onamandla Light, kungekhona phantsi ukubola, Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngezinto zokwakha kunye joinery. Ukususela kulo zenziwe ifanitshala, izibonda ngomnxeba, sleepers kaloliwe, tile, iphepha. Ukungabikho epheleleyo ivumba kwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa kuyo kwishishini ukutya kunye icuba. Ukusuka kuyo kwenziwa iibhokisi kunye namatyala ngokutshaya kunye isiga imiphanda ukuba ubusi.

Ngaphezu koko, redwood kunye nokusetyenziswa njenge ezokuhombisa, ukutyala emiyezweni, iipaki kunye noovimba. Oku wabanjwa on kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka kumazantsi-ntshona e-Europe, apho isityalo eyabekwa phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-19.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

umthi omkhulu - isityalo eyothusayo magingxigingxi, sele beza kuthi ukususela kwixesha lakudala. Ecaleni iingxilimbela loo mntu ubonakala silwanyana, yinto eningenakukholwa yiyo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, kuba impembelelo ngumntu iziphumo ezibi amandla ezi zityalo emangalisayo. Ngelishwa, ngoku hayi amandla ukubuyisela inani yangaphambili ehlathini umthi omkhulu, umsebenzi zesizukulwana sangoku - ukuba kulondolozwe izityalo zembali eziseleyo nokunqanda intshabalalo yabo.