Umntu waseGorky. Gorky: i-monologue malunga nendoda

Umntu njengemfihlelo enkulu yendalo, intsimi enkulu engachangekiyo, uye wasoloko eyintandokazi, ebhekiswe nguMaxim Gorky (uPeshkov Alexey Maksimovich). Imvakalelo yabantu kunye neengcamango, ubuthathaka kunye namandla, ithemba kunye nokuwa kwabo, intlalo kunye nolwabomoya kubonakaliswa kumaqhawe adalwe ipeni lombhali. Umntu waseGorky ngumxholo omkhulu.

Heroes of Gorky

Abalinganiswa balo mbhali ngabantu bokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, ixesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi kunye neenguqu zintathu, ukuwa kwehlabathi elidala kunye nokudala entsha. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonakalisa kwimisebenzi yexesha lakhe, umlobi uzama ukuqiqa umfanekiso wendoda yesikhathi esizayo, ixesha elitsha lesiphango. Kulo, u-Alexei Maximovich Gorky ubandakanya konke okusemgangathweni awayekubona kubantu bakhe.

Umntu

Ngomsebenzi waseGorky, indoda ayilona nje igama elibizwa ngokuba ngabameli beentlobo ze-homo sapiens, kodwa isihloko, igama elizukileyo, elowo lifuna ukufanelwa. Kwimbali ethi "Ukuzalwa komntu" kuthiwa yiyiphi isikhundla esihle kakhulu kuba ngummeli woluntu emhlabeni.

Ukuze ufanelekele eli gama, kufuneka umntu abe ngowokuqala, inkululeko yokomoya kunye nokuzikhukhumeza - nguYehova, uZeus, Allah kunye nabanye oothixo bazo zonke iinkonzo, besoyika, kunye nootitshala abakhulu kunye neenkokheli zamaxesha onke nezizwana. Bonke bayaziwa nguGorky phantsi kwegama elinye - "i-monster yamandla". Kuye, ukuvakalisa isiqheno njengesona sono esikhulu, soloko kubulala abantu abanamandla, abakhululekile, abakhukhumeleyo ngezandla zababingeleli babo.

Ukuziphakamisa

UAlexei Maksimovich Gorky ukholelwa ukuba lo luphawu olumhle oluguqula ikhoboka libe likhululekile, lenza obuthakathaka alomelele, kwaye ukungabi namnye kuguqula umntu. Ukuzidla akuthandi konke okuqhelekileyo kunye ne-philistine. Ngoko, amaqhawe omsebenzi "uMakar Chudra", uRadda noLojko bakhetha ukufa kunokuba baphile ngokungavumelekanga, kuba ngokwemvelo bakhululekile kwaye bazidla. Nangona kunjalo, i-hypertrophy yaloo mvakalelo iphakamisa ukungenamthetho, inkululeko ngokupheleleyo kuyo nayiphina imigaqo yokuziphatha kunye noluntu. Le ngcamango ivakalisa kwelinye ibali, "I-Older Woman Izergil", xa umlingisi obalaseleyo uthetha malunga neLarre eyaziqhenyayo, oza kufa kubo bonke (kwaye yena ngokwakhe, okokuqala), kwisijeziso esele siphila ngonaphakade. Ngokungafi, ngoko, ufumana ukufa. UMaxim Gorky ukhankanya inyaniso engunaphakade: akunakwenzeka ukuba aphile kuluntu kwaye akhululeke ngokupheleleyo kuwo.

Imvakalelo

Olunye umgangatho womntu, ngokubhaliweyo umbhali, ukukwazi ukuziva konke, ukuzinikezela ngokupheleleyo, ukumisa ilizwi lokuqiqa. Ubulumko bomi bubudenge bobukroti. I-Gorky, phakathi kwabathandekayo kunye nabalingani abaphambili, abanakufumana ubanda, ubunengqiqo, uhlobo oluthile lwe-Stavrogin kunye noBazarov (nangona kunjalo, abantu bahlala behlala kuluntu lwethu). Amaqhawe ahlakaniphile ahlala efile ngokuziphatha, kwaye umntu womlobi uyaphila, uvakalelwa ngokuyinhloko, i-homo sentience. Ezo zinto ziyiPelageya Nilovna Vlasova ("uMama"), uFoma Gordeev ovela kwinveli yegama elifanayo, uKonovalov noChelkash ukusuka kumabali afanayo, i-Teterev ("iBourgeois") kunye neSatan ("Ezantsi"). Bonke badibene yinyaniso yokuba iimvakalelo zala maqhawe zinamandla kunezizathu. Imisebenzi emininzi yaseGorky iyazinikela kulo . Uludwe luya kwandiswa. Nangona kunjalo, umbhali ngokwakhe ubona ukuziphatha ngokweqile ukuba ngumntu onobuthakathaka, kuba uyathintela uLuntu ngendlela yokuphila. Kwaye umbhali ubona into ebaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuhlala epheleleyo ngengqiqo yegama.

Ukutshisa nokubola

Umntu oseMgorky umsebenzi ushushu okanye ubola. Ukutshintshisa - abantu ababuthathaka, abantu ababuthathaka abafuni ukuguqula ubomi babo, umxholo kunye nesimo sabo esingenakukhutshwa. Lwabo uninzi. Aba bantu bathanda kuphela ubomi obusondayo, obufudumele, obukhululekile.

Ummeli wabo oqhelekileyo unguGrey. Uyavuma ngokugqithiseleyo ukuba akhonze naliphi na amandla, ngokode nje ekukhuseleni uxolo kunye nokuxhamla. Ubomi bubonakala kuye ngesimo sesiranga, ekubonakalisweni kwakhe kuphela. Olu hlobo lugxininisa kakhulu, kuba luba neetalente ze-parasite. Umphefumlo wakhe uye wahamba, le nto itrone ye-toad ephazamisayo, kwaye intliziyo iyayilumkisa kwaye ibugwenxa. Unqwenela ukonwaba kwaye ukwesaba iingxaki kunye nokuxhalabisa, okwenza lo mfanekiso ube yinkohliso kunye nokuxhamla. Ukongeza kwiGrey, olu hlobo lubandakanya amaqhawe njengeGorky, Uh ("Ingoma ye-Falcon"), uYakov Mayakin ("Foma Gordeev"), uBubnov ("Ngezantsi"). Ezi ziyizidenge, ezibuthathaka, izilwanyana ezinobumba, ezikhukhulayo kunye nezilwanyana-ezichasene ngokupheleleyo nale Mntu. Imisebenzi yaseGorky, echazwe ngasentla, ibonise le ngcamango. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abanye abantu abashushu. Bachitha amandla abo ngamandla, bezinikela ngokupheleleyo ubomi babo, bememelela ingoma. Ngaloo ndlela, uNeil ("iBourgeois") uthetha ngovuyo lokuphila emhlabeni, echazwe yiNkathazo uPeter kunye noSokol ("Ingoma yeNgqungquthela" kunye ne "Ingoma yeTrrel"), kunye nabaguqukeli beliveli "Mama" nabanye .

Injongo

Kodwa ukuze ukwazi ukuphila ubomi ngokwenene, akwanele ukutshisa, ukuziqhayisa kunye nokukhululeka, ukuphumla nokuziva. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba neenjongo ezibonisa ukuba kukho, kuba intlawulo yomntu ibhizinisi lakhe. "Phambili! Naphezulu!" - yiyo yakhe credo. Ubomi obungenasiphelo, Ubomi bukaIsurgil buhamba ngaphandle, ngaphandle kokukhanyisa nayiphi na indlela endleleni. Ngokuchasene noko, uDanko ukhanyisa aze afe ngokukhawuleza, ekhanyisa abantu ngendlela yokufumana ubomi obutsha. Lo mntu, ngomsebenzi waseGorky, utshabalalisa, ufumana ukungafi okwenyaniso, kuba kukuhlawulela injongo enkulu, ephakamileyo, apho kufuneka ubani alwele. Endleleni eya kuye, akukho nto ifanele ukuphazamisa: unqwenela ukugqilaza ikholo elingaboniyo, okanye ithemba elimnandi, elithandayo, okanye uthando oluhlazolayo. Nayiphi nayiphi na imibingelelo kufuneka ilungele ukuzisa ngenxa yinjongo enkulu, ukuba ngaba iyalungisa.

Ukudala

Ngaloo ndlela, umntu uthembele ngokupheleleyo kwinkululeko yengcamango, ukukhula okungapheliyo kwendalo kunye nokungafi kwakhe kukulungelo lweGorky. Injongo yobomi kufuneka ibonakale ekudaleni, okungenasiphelo kunye nokwaneleyo. Umntu-uThixo uphezulu kunabo bonke oothixo abenziwe. Kulo mhle, umbhali wabeka konke okusemandleni amaqhawe aloo xesha. Ngamnye wethu ukhumbula ibinzana elilodwa lokubamba. "Umntu - oku kuvakalayo ngokuziqhenya," uGorky uvakalisa ngokukhawuleza.

I-Monologue malunga nendoda

Kulo mdlalo "Ngezantsi", kwisenzo sokugqibela, i-Satin ibhengeza i-monologue encinci, eyincwadi yesifundo. Kule ntetho iqhawe libhiyozela uMntu, likhazimulisa. Ngengqiqo yakhe, ummeli woluntu uluntu luko lendawo yonke, isiseko sezinto zonke. Ivala yonke into: ukufa, ubomi, ukufumanisa okukhulu kunye nokufezekiswa. Nangona kunjalo, i-Satin ayithethi umntu ngamnye, kodwa iintlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo ezi negama.

Uyakuthandwa ngamathuba, amandla kunye namandla abameli besintu. Yingakho ecinga ukuba oku kuthotywa okukhulu-inceba. Mntu, le "bhloko", ngoko, ifanelwe yintlonipho kunye nenyaniso, enokuyinyamezela, indlela enokuba yintloni ngayo.

Iqhawe ligqiba ngokuphathelele injongo yobomi bomntu. Ngokombono wakhe, "ungasentla". Injongo yobomi kukuba wenze umhlaba wonke, ophakamileyo, onguguquko. Le ngcamango yabelwa nguGorky malunga noMntu.

Le ngqungquthela - imbambano kunye nesimo sikaLuka, kuyo yonke into. Eli qhawe lijonga umntu kungekhona njengomfanekiso oqokelelweyo, kodwa njengomntu ohlukeneyo, ofuna ukunakwa, inkxaso, ukufudumala.

Inyaniso, mhlawumbi, kwindawo ethile phakathi kwezimvo zababini abalinganiswa.

Umdlalo "Ngaphantsi" ngumsebenzi obanzi ozwakalayo ohambisa yonke into evelele yeemvakalelo zabantu kunye nokuthetha - ukususela kwiintetho malunga nomntu weTatan, ophefumlelweyo kunye nesibindi, ekuphelelwe yithemba elibi kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba kweComputer.