Ibsen, "I-Dollhouse": isishwankathelo, uhlalutyo

UHenry Ibsen - enye yezona zinto zidumileyo zaseYurophu zokudlala i-XIX leminyaka, edume ngokuveliswa kwidrama entsha. Umbhali kunye nomlobi, wayenempembelelo enkulu kwimidlalo. Namhlanje siza kubona iimveliso ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, ukuba kungengenxa yeengcamango ezintsha ezenziwa ngu-Ibsen. "I-Doll House" (umxholo omfutshane walo msebenzi uya kuba sisihloko sethu esiyinhloko) ngumdlalo wakhe odumileyo, apho ingcamango yombhali yayibonakaliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Imbali yendalo

Umbhali waqala ukusebenza emdlalweni sele uvele ngowe-1878, kwaye ke imifanekiso yokuqala yabonakala. Ndizama ukubonakalisa iingxaki zezinto ezikhoyo zanamhlanje, ndizigqoke ngendlela ye-classic yenhlekelele, i-Ibsen.

"I-Doll House" (isishwankathelo iya kuboniswa ngezantsi) yakhululwa ngonyaka. Umdlalo wawusekelwe kwiziganeko zangempela. Umlobi uNorma wabhala uLaura Keeler, umbhali waseNorway. Nguye u-Ibsen owayemcebisa ukuba afunde iincwadi, kwaye oko kwakungokuqala kobuhlobo babo. Intombazana emva kokufa kukayise wayo watshata noVictor Keeler, indoda enomusa eyayinomdla kuphela. Emva kwexesha wayegula, kwaye wayefuna unyango ngaphandle. Kwakungekho mali, kwaye uLaura wathatha umboleko wecala kumyeni wakhe ebhankini. Baya eSwitzerland, uVictor waphinda. Kwakuyixesha lokuhlawula ibhanki, kodwa kwakungekho mali, kwaye uLaura watsho inyaniso kumyeni wakhe. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zabahlobo bakhe, wacela umtshato, owenziwe kungekudala. Eli bhinqa lithatyathwe ngabantwana, kwaye yena ngokwakhe wavunyelwa ukuhlambalaza. Kodwa kungekudala umyeni wakhe wabuyela kuye, umtshato wawubuyiselwa, uLaura waqala ukubhala. Ubomi balo mfazi owaba yindawo yokuqala yokudlala.

Ibsen, "Doll House": isishwankathelo esifutshane. Qala

Isenzo senzeka eNorway, kwigumbi likaTorvald Helmer, osebenza njengommeli kunye nomkakhe uNora. Uhlobo lwe-Evefa yeKrisimesi. UNora ubuya nezipho ezininzi kubafundi bakhe kunye nomyeni wakhe. U-Torvald udibana ngothando nomkakhe kwaye ngokuklolodela uthi uyona. UNora ubhikisha ukuba oku kulungile, njengoko unyaka omtsha uphakamisa ukunyuka.

U-Torvald uthabatha isikhundla sakhe, uthabathe uNora, owathi emva kokuzalwa kwakhe kubonakala lukhulu. UFrou Linde, umhlobo omdala kaMnu Helmer, ungena. Ukususela kwintlanganiso yokugqibela, iintombi zeentombi ziyiminyaka esibhozo. ULinda wayenesikhathi sokungcwaba umyeni wakhe ngeli xesha, kwaye akazange abonakale emtshatweni wakhe.

Imbali kaNora

Ixesha lokuba uNora akhulume ngobomi bakhe. Ngomnyaka wokuqala womtshato, uTrvald wagula, kwaye wayefuna ukutshintsha imozulu. Emva koko u-Nora wathatha imali ngokubhekisele kwiresi kumntu othile, kwaye indoda yakhe yathi uyise wayinike uhambo. Ngoku uhlala ehlawula umdla, kunye nemali yale nto ithatha kuHelmer.

UNorma unikela ngo-Fr Linda ngoncedo-indoda ingamthabatha kwindawo yakhe yokusebenzela. Okwangoku utshaya igqwetha lakhe uKrogstad, oku kuthetha ukuba indawo ikhutshwe. Kubonakala ukuba uFrou Linde akazi kakuhle le ndoda.

U kutyunjwa

Ngoko engaqhelekanga kumfundi wanamhlanje wezinto eziyimfuneko ngokukhawuleza ukhangela ingqwalasela. Ngaphezu koko, ukubonakalisa inyaniso ngumsebenzi oyintloko uHenry Ibsen ozibeke wona. "I-Doll House" (isishwankathelo sinokuqinisekisa oko) akuyona nje umsebenzi okhuthaza inyaniso, kodwa umsebenzi osekelwe kulo.

Ngoko, uTorvald uvutha igqwetha lakhe. Isizathu sihlandlo sakhe senziwa, sidibene namaphepha emali. INkundla inyanzelekile uKrogstad, kodwa uHermer akafuni nantoni na into enjalo kumntu onjalo.

Ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza inzondo kumdlalo we "Doll House" (Ibsen). Isishwankathelo esifutshane sezenzo zixelela ukuba uKrogstad ngumntu obole imali kaNora. Ngoku ucela uxolo phambi kweTorvald. Ukongezelela, wakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kakuhle kwibhankini, kwaye enyanisweni, akukho zizathu zokuxothwa.

UNora uzalisekisa isicelo, kodwa umyeni wakhe akenzi naliphi na indlela. UHermer uyamlahla, kuba akayi kuthatha ngokungathí sina nhlobo. Emva kokufunda oku, uKrogstad usongela ukutyhila. Kodwa kungekuphela nje uNora olwa lixhoba lakhe, ummeli wangaphambili uthumela uTolvald ileta apho esongelayo ukuxelela wonke umntu ngokungahambisani nomfazi wakhe, ngoko umsebenzi webhanki uza kupheliswa. UNora akazi ukuba angayenza njani ngoku.

Uluhlu lweengxaki

Eyona nto iyinyani kwaye imvelo ibonisa abalingani bayo iIbsen. "I-Doll House", isiqulatho esifutshane esiqhubekayo sichaza, senza imibala ebonakalayo yendalo yabantu. Ngoko, uNora, ukwesaba ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elizayo kunye neentloni, kuqala ufuna ukuzibulala. Kodwa ingcamango yokuba igama lakhe liya kuhlambuluka emva kokufa kuye kummisa.

Isigqibo siphenduka singalindelekanga, kuvele ukuba uFra Linde noKrogstad babenothando oluxhunyiwe, kodwa umfazi wayefanele atshade nomnye ukuphucula imeko yemali yomama ogulayo kunye nabazalwana abancinci. Ngoku ukhululekile kwaye ulungele ukulandela imigaqo yentliziyo. U-Krogstad uyavuya, wenqaba ukudibana naye, kuba sele sele efumana uthando lokwenene nolonwabo ebomini. Ingxaki kuphela kukuba incwadi kaHelmer sele ithunyelwe kwaye iwele ebhokisini yakhe yeposi, eyona nto iqhosha elihlala kuyo umniniyo.

Ukubhala

Umdlalo, obhalwe nguG. Ibsen ("I-Doll House"), uya kufikelela ekupheleni. Isishwankathelo sichaza indawo yokufunda ileta Umsizi. Ekuqaleni akakwazi ukukholelwa oko akufundayo, kwaye ke uyacaphuka. Ngaba ubuhle bakhe abathandekayo bubugebengu? Kwaye ngoku ngenxa yakhe, ukwanda okwenziwe yimisebenzi enje kuyingozi. U-Torvald unquma ukuthatha abantwana kude, uNora ushiyelwe ukuhlonipha endlwini, kodwa baya kuhlala ngokuhlukileyo.

Kodwa apha bazisa ileta entsha. Ivela kwiKrogstad, elahlela amabango ayo kwaye ibuyisele amaphepha aboleke kuNora. UHelman uyakhawuleza ngokukhawuleza: yonke into iya kuba njengaphambili. Kodwa uNora akavumelani nalokhu, uya kushiya indlu. U-Torvald, owayehlala eqonda umfazi wakhe njengomdlalo wokudlala, uhlaselwa ngumzimela wakhe. UNora udanikile kumyeni wakhe, waziphatha njengendoda, kwaye akafani nendoda. Ukususela ngoku, abanalo nantoni na into.

Nangona kunjalo, uHelman uyaziqonda ubunzulu begama likaNora kunye neenjongo zakhe. Uzama ukukholisa umfazi wakhe ukuba ukususela ngoku uya kumphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kodwa umfazi akayi kumkholwa. U-Nora akayi kubuya ekukhethweni kwakhe.

Uhlalutyo

Umxholo oyintloko wolu dlalo ulwalamano noluntu kumfazi kunye nesimo sakhe sezenhlalakahle. Kwaye kule ngxaki i-Ibsen yayifuna ukukhangela ingqalelo. "I-Doll House" (isishwankathelo esifutshane sezahluko sibonisa ingxaki) ngoku ifunwa ngokubanzi njengengoma yebhinqa. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusiyo yonke ingxaki yomsebenzi. Umbhali wabhala malunga nenkululeko yomntu njengomntu ngokubanzi. Kwaye iimphambili eziphambili azizwanga kumadoda, kodwa kunoko, kuluntu ngqo kwiminyaka yama-70 yeXIXX. Imithetho efile, iimpendulo ezingagqibekanga kunye nemigangatho yehlabathi le-bourgeois - yiloo nto i-Ibsen eyayifuna ukuyiveza.

Umfanekiso wendlu yedodoli

Indlu yododo iyisimboli esibalulekileyo somsebenzi, kwaye idibene nomfanekiso womntu oyintloko. Ngoko, iipopu zehlabathi likaNora zabonakala kakuhle kwindawo yomdlalo wesifazane kunye nabantwana bakhe. Ukufihla nokufuna zihamba kunye nokuhleka kunye nokuzonwabisa, kwaye iNora ibonakaliswa njengomyinge ofana nabantwana bayo. Kusuka kweli hlabathi elingabonakaliyo leemidlalo elithatyathwa yi-Krogstad, osongela ukuxelela uHermer ngemboleko. Emva koko, umfazi akakwazi kwakhona ukuzonwabisa okungakhathali, iingcamango zakhe ziphazamiseka yiengxaki ezisongelayo.

Kancinci, ukuxabana nehlabathi eliyinyaniso liwonakalisa indlu yodolo apho uNora ehlala khona. Kwaye, ngokubulela oku, umfazi ufumana ukuzimela, ithuba lokubona ihlabathi njengoko kunjalo. Le ngcamango yokuba i-Ibsen ("i-Doll House") ifake kulo mdlalo. Isishwankathelo, ukuhlalutya nokuqwalaselwa komfundi kusinika ithuba lokugqiba ukuba lo msebenzi unenkululeko kunye nendlela yokufumana inkululeko.