Isincoko "zangaphambili abantu" Maksima Gorkogo

"Owayesakuba abantu '- umsebenzi sidalwe 1897. Entliziyweni yaso - uluvo ngayo umbhali, abasamkelayo xa uza kuphila endlwini lamagumbi ekwimimandla emelene Kazan. Lo msebenzi kwi uhlobo singachazwa njengento isincoko, njengoko luphawulwa ukuchaneka umfanekiso kwakhe, ukunqongophala amandla, ingqalelo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kwakunye njengoko kuchaziwe iimpawu ngobude. I "Abantu zangaphambili" ukulinganisela ezintsha Gorky kaThixo uhlobo ukuhamba. Akukho ubukhazikhazi, eziqhelekileyo kuthi ukususela ekuqaleni kwimisebenzi yakhe.

"Abantu uMbumbi ': Isishwankathelo

indawo ebalulekileyo inxalenye yokuqala yale nkcazelo elinikiweyo. Ekuqaleni, phambi kwethu isitrato ipoma. Ungcolile, buthuntu. Odaka, ebekwe apha, zokuqhubela: i windows mgceni neendonga egosogoso, nophahla avuzayo. Sibona ekuyiwa kuyo inkunkuma kunye ingqushu. Le ilandelayo ichaza indlu yonke yomrhwebi Petunnikoff. Le Lop-kabini isakhiwo kunye iifestile ezaphukileyo. neendonga zaso wambu ukuqhekeka. Kule ndlu, ifana nendlu encinane, akhiwe flophouse. Kufana, umngxuma elibuhlungu elide.

eni abasweleyo

Ukususela inkcazelo ngaphakathi umbhali siqhubeka portraits abasweleyo. Yintoni i "Abantu zangaphambili" kumdlalo Gorky kaThixo "I Lower iinzulu"?

Aristide Sledgehammer - ngaphambili umnini-ndlu zokulala, waba umthetheli. Yena nohola inkampani ye ebizwa ngokuba "yangaphambili abantu" yaye "abasebenzi jikelele." Gorky wayichaza ende, umntu ebanzi malunga neminyaka eyi-50, kunye ubuso pockmarked, idumbile ukusela. Yena unxibe greatcoat igosa ezikrazukileyo omdaka, entloko ikepusi yakhe kutyetyiswa.

Ngaphezu koko, IMIFANEKISO abanye abasweleyo. Omnye wabo - utitshala. It slouching mude kunye enkqayini kunye elide, impumlo elibukhali. Enye abasweleyo - Simtsov Aleksey Maksimovich, okwabizwa ngokuba Kubar. Le ndoda - owayesakuba wehlathi. Gorky wathi yena "zilingana umphanda." Uphethe umbala impumlo ebomvu encinane, intshebe elimhlophe eshinyeneyo namehlo nokugxeka anzongonzongo.

Le ngumhlali olulandelayo indlu doss - Martyanov Luka Antonovich End ngelika. Ngaphambili, wasebenza nje ntsumpa entolongweni, yaye ngoku - enye i "yangaphambili abantu". It is a njengenxila cwaka kunye engancumisiyo.

Apha ophila ne Pavel Solntsev (Obedok) yimakhenikhi. Le ndoda engenangqondo ngaphandle eliyiminyaka engathi imashumi mathathu. Ngaphezu koko, umbhali uchaza Kiselnikova. Abasweleyo - owayesakuba ejele. Waba ezinqinileyo omde, "kwigophe iliso elinye." Wabizwa ngokuba enesiqingatha Taras, njengoko umhlobo wakhe Taras, owayesakuba umdikoni waba izihlandlo enye enesiqingatha asezantsi kunaleyo. Okulandelayo, sifunda amakhwenkwe elide-iinwele 'etyeni "" kunye imagi ingamathambo sheepish ". igama lakhe - Meteor. Emva koko, umbhali senze kunye nabahlali eziqhelekileyo kwendlu zokulala, umntu. Omnye wabo - Tyapa, endala bemthandele-umqokeleli.

iimpawu abasweleyo

Esiye Gorky utsalela ingqalelo yethu ndlela aba bantu abayikhathalelanga nakwizibetho zabo, ngokunjalo umphefumlo nekamva zabanye. Bathi abanandaba, ebonisa namandla ukuba iimeko zangaphandle. Ezintliziyweni zabo ngelo xesha ikhula esifanayo ingqumbo sibhekiswe kubantu abazizityebi. Hi ndlela leyi, ihlabathi "abantu zangaphambili" kumdlalo Gorky kaThixo "ezinzulwini Lower" sifana nqwa lowo wadala kulo mzobo thina abanomdla.

Ungqubano Petunnikoff

Kwinxalenye yesibini umsebenzi zonke ezi abalinganiswa ukunganeliseki ajika abe ungquzulwano evulekileyo kunye Petunnikoff, umthengisi yasekuhlaleni. Uhlobo kwalo ungquzulwano - kwezentlalo. Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa waphawula ukuba ezinye inxalenye kwisityalo yomthengisi emhlabeni Vavilov. Yena ndiqiniseke umninindlu ukumangalela Petunnikoff. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Aristide Sledgehammer kule meko iqhutywa akukho ngumnqweno abangenakubanyusa. Nje ufuna ekukruqulayo Petunnikoff, leyo uzibiza wamthiya uYuda.

ngeziqu ngenxa

Nangona kunjalo, lo ibango, ebabeke ngedinga 600 engange, ihlabathi siphela. Business, ofundileyo nonyana ngenkohlakalo Petunnikoff Vavilov eqinisekisa imfuneko lokusirhoxisa ityala enkundleni. Kungenjalo, wamsongela ukuvala pub, leyo iqulathe yabahambi. Abemi indlu doss bayaqonda ukuba ngoku kuya kufuneka ukuba ushiye indawo ezinabantu, ngenxa yokuba yomthengisi ngokuqinisekileyo ndibaxolele yalo mthetho.

Kungekudala Petunnikoff kufuneka ukushiya ngoko nangoko "hibarochku". Kodwa akuphelelanga apho lo yelishwa. Uchiel esifa, ukufa icala Aristide sledgehammer. Ngoko ekugqibeleni yaphula uluntu abasweleyo. Petunnikoff nempumelelo.

heroes Psychology

ingqalelo kakhulu Mxim Gorky uhlawula kuphela ekufundweni ekuthiwa ubomi-beens. Kwakhona wayenomdla bengqondo yabo, ihlabathi embilwini. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba siphila flophouse luvelisa abantu ababuthathaka abangekho nako ukuvuselela, lokuzimela ekuqondeni. Bayamkhanyela yonke into, kuquka ubomi babo. Esi sikhundla (ideology yayo - Sledgehammer) otshabalalisayo isenzakalo. Asinto eyakhayo, isiqalo esihle. Kwaye ukunganeliseki kubangelwa namandla, unako ukuvelisa unxunguphalo kuphela kunye nomsindo.

Sinokuthi Mxim Gorky (elichaza yena ngasentla) encwadini yakhe "owayesakuba abantu" yenza abemi isivakalisi "bottom". It akaqukwanga oonobumba engenamandla kunye baphola. Uhlalutyo isincoko "Abantu zangaphambili" ibonisa ukuba akakwazi iimvakalelo elungileyo kunye nezenzo. Kule nkalo, oko Utyhila isiqephu ukufa kwiNkosi. Imol, ababekholelwa ukuba umntu njengomhlobo, ndingayazi nokuba igama abantu kuyo. iingxaki zentlalo kubonakala amabali bosyatskogo umjikelo kwixesha elizayo kuya kuqhubeka ukuba nokuguquguquka kule midlalo ka Maksima Gorkogo.

Imveliso umahluko ukusuka iziketshi nokomzimba

Lo mzobo komzimba isifundo iphambili mfanekiso indima yentlalo yabalinganiswa, kunokuba ezithile. Ababhali babethanda, umzekelo, iziko-screwdriver Petersburg, eSt Petersburg wiper, abaqhubi cab, amagosa, abarhwebi. Kulo mzobo ubugcisa ukuba wadala Gorky ( "yangaphambili abantu"), igxininisa ekufundeni abalinganiswa yabalinganiswa, abo bamanyene imeko yoluntu. Heroes besendlwini lamagumbi, emazantsi ubomi. Flophouse ugcina Aristide Sledgehammer, okuyinto ngokwaso i "yangaphambili" umntu, kuba nguye umthetheli umhlala-phantsi.

Ukungabikho the hero ngokuphila

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqatshelwe kwaye ezinye iinkalo imveliso. Umzekelo, "owayesakuba abantu" ayikho umfanekiso hero ngokuphila eqhelekileyo ukuba Gorky. Umbalisi kulo msebenzi, ngokungathi ufuna kude kuye evela yonke into size elilungileyo lokuze phambi kwayo. Sinokuthi indima yakhe umsebenzi "owayesakuba abantu" Gorkogo Maksima yahlukile ngandlel ngaphezu kumjikelo "In Russia," okanye amabali uthando lombhali. UTshawe ngokuphila asiyo umfundi abalinganiswa, iqabane zabo. iinkcukacha Kuphela amakhwenkwe ngobude, nto leyo ebizwa Sledgehammer Meteor, kwaye abalinganiswa indlela aphatha ngayo abanye, sikwazi ukubona kuyo mlinganiswa ngokuphila kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, noko kude umsebenzi umbalisi.

Le nguqulelo romanticism ukuya ngokoqobo

Eyona nto iphambili eyahlula i "abantu zangaphambili" ukususela imisebenzi Gorky, ezinxulumene imisebenzi ngaphambili - ke inguqu ekutolikweni zothando zendalo engokoqobo. Umbhali nangoku ubonisa abantu ebantwini. Noko ke, isibheno sakhe ngokoqobo ivumela ukuba ukubonisa kakhulu ngokucace ngakumbi umahluko phakathi kumacala ezimnyama kunye nokukhanya, ungenamandla kwaye womelele lomlinganiswa yesizwe, ukuguquguquka yayo. Kwakhona ke ngumba yophando imveliso "Abantu zangaphambili".

Kubonakala ukuba umbhali, evukile kwisikhundla sokuba ngokoqobo, awukwazi ukufumana indlela yokusombulula ingxabano phakathi isiphelo yomntu (ubude bakhe) kwaye ukusilela uxolela xiya ubomi bakhe abantu 'yangaphambili ", indawo ephantsi ekuhlaleni bahlala kuyo. Invincibility ye ungquzulwano yenza Gorky kwi landscape lokugqibela ukubuyela kwinkangeleko, romanticism yinqobo kuye. Kuphela element wesigqibo inokufumaneka ezingenakunyibilika. Umbhali ubhala ukuba kukho into ukulisa nexesha ngamafu engqongqo ongwevu, egubungela ngokupheleleyo esibhakabhakeni. Njengoko ukuba babesele beza qwele imvula kwaye uhlambe yonke ukungcola kunye ilizwe lusizi elibharhileyo. Lilonke ke, a landscape sengqiqweni. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bathi amagama ambalwa ngayo.

imbonakalo-mhlaba

Xa amabali yokuqala mhlaba besini yombhali wawenzelwe ukugxininisa uhlobo ezizodwa kunye ngokomoya nobuhle ebusuku wasezantsi, ngendlela eyoyikekayo ehlathini emnyama kunye emaqeleni engaphele ezamahala ezisenokusebenza yangasemva ukubhengezwa ligorha yothando, ngeendleko yobomi bakhe bathi efanelekileyo lakhe. Ngoku Gorkiy Maksim ( "yangaphambili abantu") libhekisela yomhlaba ngokoqobo. Unomdla iimpawu zakhe anti-kubuhle. It esijongana nawo ndawonye emaphandleni ndimbi. Turbidity umbala, ngawe, pallor kufuneka ukuvelisa ingqiqo kukutyeshela yokusingqongileyo apho live abasweleyo.

ingxabano

Umbhali uzama ukuqonda indlela ikhono elikhulu zentlalo lobuqu ebizwa ngokuba "owayesakuba abantu". Kufuneka afumanise ukuba egcinwe iimeko ezinzima ekhaya kunye nezentlalo, ukuze kulondolozwe, imilinganiselo yokomoya non-eziphathekayo, ukuba uthelekiswa nehlabathi yobuhlungu kubo. Le peculiarity ye ungquzulwano kubangelwa kanye lo mba imiba. ungquzulwano umsebenzi sinemfano. Emva sledgehammer abasweleyo anebala Petunnikoff ngokuchaseneyo umrhwebi, kunye nonyana wakhe - kuyabanda, Yomelela, ezikrelekrele kunye namalungu abafundile ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba Russian.

Umbhali unomdla iqondo elikhulu nomba loluntu kokuyaphula, kunye nokuba mathidala ukuqonda abalinganiswa ongakulo, amathuba kunokwenzeka, iimfuno zabo. Asinto kwelinye ilizwe ukuba unomdla, okanye imali. Oku kubonisa kuphela intiyo le inxila engentlanga umntu akhuthele yaye esisityebi.

Gorky ityhila kukunqongophala okupheleleyo "owayesakuba abantu 'ubuchule, ukukhula engaphakathi, umsebenzi, ukuzeyisa ukuphucuka. Kodwa ezi mpawu zibaluleke kakhulu ukuba umbhali. Bona thaca kwinoveli "uMama" kwakunye iqhawe trilogy yakhe ngokuphila kwakhe. Abemi indlu doss akakwazi ukwenza nantoni na ukuze ayeke ubunyani ezisingqongileyo, ngaphandle ulunya. Oku kukhokelela ukuba i "bottom" efanayo. ingqumbo yabo kubo. Akukho wenza inkcaso yakhe kumaKanan, "abantu zangaphambili".