Jose Saramago: i-biography, iincwadi

Le nkosi yamagama yanika ilizwe iPortugal enhle ilanga. Ngenxa yesakhono sakhe, uJoseph Saramago wanikezwa umvuzo weNobel kunye nodumo lwehlabathi. Namhlanje imisebenzi yakhe ifundwa phantse kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi, iifilimu zibethelwa kuwo, apho abadlali abakhokelayo baseHollywood bathatha iindima eziphambili.

Ubunzulu beentsingiselo, ukuchaneka kwenkqubo yokomfuziselo, iingcamango ezivuyisayo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwehlabathi lezobugcisa zizinto eziphambili zeemvanoveli zakhe, kungabonakali ngamagorha ahlala ngokumangalisayo kunye nendlela yokudala, edibanisa ukuthambekela okukodwa kweendlela ezininzi zokubhala.

Ubuntu obubalaseleyo

Ngokubanzi, kwabulela uYosé Saramago ukuba ihlabathi liqala ukuthetha ngeencwadi zesiPutukezi kunye nenkcubeko. Ngo-1992, wasungula iNational Front yoKhuselo lweMveli kwiLifa laseLisbon, kwaye ngo-1998 umbhali wanikwa ibhaso lakhe eliphezulu. Iingxelo zalo mbhali zidla ngokubakho kwimilingo, kodwa eqinisweni zixhomekeka kakhulu ukuba zidibanisa zonke izinto ezintle ezinikezelwe kwihlabathi namhlanje. Kodwa ingundoqo yabo ingabizwa, mhlawumbi, ngendlela ephawulekayo yokubonakalisa ingcamango epheleleyo yabantu, isimo sengqondo sokugcina abantu kwiimeko naziphi na iimeko. Esi sigxina sichazwe ngokucacileyo kwintanethi ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuPhuphuka", oku kuthiwa namhlanje ithathwa njengowona owaziwayo kwaye owaziwayo kwihlabathi lonke.

Imvelaphi yombhali wexesha elizayo

Ngaba uJoseph Saramago, engumfana ovela kwintsapho elula, ucinga ukuba ngelinye ilanga uza kuba ngummeli ohamba phambili kwimbali yehlabathi yoncwadi? Kunokwenzeka ukuba, akukho.

Ubuntwana benkosi yelizwi kwakunzima-ukuhamba rhoqo, ukungabikho kwemali, ukufa kwangaphambili komntakwabo omdala, ngokungathandabuzeki wayeshiye uphawu oluthile lobuntu obunobumba behlabathi elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, uJosé Saramago wayengumfundi onamandla kakhulu, onengqondo engqondweni kunye nengcinga ephilileyo. Ekubeni abazali babengenakho ukuhlawula isikolo esihle, eneminyaka eyi-12 le nkwenkwe yaphoqeleka ukuba iqale ukuqeqeshwa kwi-technical field ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukwenza ubomi, njengoko besithi, ngezandla zabo.

Ukususela phantsi

Emva kokugqitywa koqeqesho, uJoseph Saramago, iincwadi zakhe ihlabathi lonke elifundayo namhlanje, wayesebenza njengomatshini kwindawo yokulungisa imoto iminyaka emibini, emva koko wakhetha indlela yokutolika apho ekugqibeleni wanda waba ngumbhali weengcali. Kwexesha elithile, umphumeleli weNobel Prize wasebenza njengomhleli oncedisayo eDiário de Notícias, kodwa ngenxa yeenguqu zezopolitiko ngo-1975 waphoqeleka ukuba ayeke umsebenzi wakhe aze abuyele ekuguquleleni.

Sekudlulileyo ixesha, uJoseph Saramago, incwadi zakhe zaba yintsikelelo yangempela, wazibiza ngokwakhe njengomlobi wemisebenzi yobugcisa.

Ukuwa kunye nokunyuka

Nangona ukuba le ndoda yayisoloko ibonwa njengomlobi, amava akhe okudala ayengaphumelelanga. Isakhono sakhe sangempela safika kwihlabathi kungekudala. Umsebenzi ogqithiseleyo kaSaramago okwangoku, mhlawumbi, "iVangeli likaYesu", kodwa ngeendlela ezininzi ezidumiweyo le ncwadi le nto ihlawulwe imbali.

Kulula ukuqagela ukuba le ncwadi ibonisa imbonakalo yembali yeembali zeBhayibhile, ezingenakuthandwa ngabaxhasi beenkolelo ezinqabileyo zonqulo. Uhlobo lomzekeliso lokubhaliweyo, ukugxekwa ngumbono okanye enye imibono ekhanyiswayo, ukuchaswa kukaYesu kwiTestamente elidala uYehova kubangele ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kunye nezimpendulo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, unyaka emva kokushicilelwa kwincwadi ethi "IVangeli likaYesu," uSaramago wanikwa ibhaso elona liphezulu - iNobel Prize.

Isihloko somdla ngokubanzi

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo msebenzi ungasentla kuphela woluhlobo lwawo. Ngokuzicingela ngokwakhe ukuba wayengakholelwa kuThixo, umbhali, nangona kunjalo, wazinikela kakhulu kwimisebenzi yakhe yonqulo okanye imibono, kufuphi nayo. KuJosé Saramago, "iVangeli" yayingumzekelo obonakalayo woluvo lwentlalo yokubaluleka kwabantu kwiinkcubeko zonqulo, kodwa kubini kwangaphambili nangaphambili kwaboniswa kwimisebenzi kwaye kwashukumisa impendulo ebomvu kubalo behlabathi lonke.

"Ukunyuka eMhlabeni"

Mhlawumbi, lo ngumsebenzi wokuqala womlobi, ufumene uluntu oluninzi kwaye wanqoba uthando lwezigidi. Sekude kwimigca yokuqala yoveli, umfundi ubonakaliswa ubuhle obuhle bePortugal, ukubetha umbala wemibala kunye nezinye izinto ezinomtsalane. Kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, ukulangazelela, ukukrakra kunye nentlungu kwilizwe labo, elichazwe nguJoseph Saramago kuwo wonke umgca, luyabetha.

Ukugqithisa okunjalo kunye nokuchaneka apho umsebenzi ubhaliweyo, abachasayo bachaza ngokucacileyo imvelaphi yomlobi kwiintsapho ezihlala kwilizwe. Nokuba unobumba balo mbhali wenziwa ngephutha kwaye i-eneymologically ibuyela kwigama elithandwayo le- radish zasendle. Unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lokomoya kunye nomhlaba, olwabhaliweyo kumlobi, akakwazi ukufumana ukubonakalisa kwimisebenzi yakhe.

"Iikhumbuzo zeNdwendwe"

Ngalo msebenzi, uJoseph Saramago, izimvo zeVatican zazinzima kakhulu. Ukuchazwa ngokucacileyo ngokuchasene nombhalane, kuboniswe kulo msebenzi, akunakuhlala ungabonakali kwaye kubangele i-furore. Ukubukhali kwimeko kwanikezwa yinto yokuba i-heroine eyinhloko yenveli yayiyinkokheli, eqinisweni, ayifanelekanga kwihlabathi elijongene nabantu abaneenkolelo ezinzulu zonqulo.

Nangona kunjalo, le ncwadi ivame ukufaniswa nencwadana ngu-Umberto Eco "Igama leRose", eyayiba ngowona mthengi.

"Ukufama"

Lo msebenzi, mhlawumbi, unokuthathwa njengomnye wokufunda ozithandayo. Ukubukeka kwangaphambili kwi-apocalypse, ibali elingenakulinganiswa, indlela yokudala yokuziphatha kunye nokholo olungagungqiyo kwintlalo yoluntu eyenza incwadana ethi "UkuPhuphuka" edumile emhlabeni. Ngaphezu koko, kwiinjongo zayo ifilimu ebalaseleyo yimiba ephambili ekuye yabakhokela abadlali abakhokelayo beli xesha.

"Ekubini"

Lo msebenzi unokuthiwa ngokufanelekileyo ngenye yezinto ezinzima kunye nobunzima ukuziqonda emsebenzini kaJoseph Saramago. "Yimbini" yincwadi ebangela ukuba umfundi aqhubeke ngokunzulu kunokwenzeka kwilizwe lakhe langaphakathi, ukuba aqaphele iphosa elingaphakathi kwethu ngamnye, ukucinga ngemicimbi yendalo kunye nobomi. Mhlawumbi, kungenxa yakhe ukuba unokufumana ukuphononongwa okuphikisanayo. UmRoma José Saramago "Ombini" uhlabelela ngomsindo ovuyokileyo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo uthetha ngokuthe ngqo. Enye into eqinisekile: akukho namnye ongenamdla emva kokufunda.

Indlela ekhethekileyo yokudala, umbono oyingqalileyo wehlabathi, ukubetha ngobuhle kunye nokuchaneka kwayo, yizona zinto ziphambili zikaJoseph Saramago njengombhali ohamba phambili wePortugal wamanje kunye nomnye wamanani abaluleke kakhulu kwiincwadi zehlabathi zemihla yethu. Ukuza kwintsapho ehluphekileyo ehluphekayo, ayizange iphumelele kuphela ukuphumelela kunye nodumo - ngandlela-thile yatshintsha ihlabathi, yamnika imisebenzi emininzi, enye leyo ingabizwa ngokuba yinto ebonakalayo yobugcisa. Le ncwadana eye yaba yintengiso ehlabathini lonke. Ezi iincwadi eziye zenziwa zifundo zakudala.