Ummiselo Land 1917. iinguqulelo Land of 1917

Ummiselo phezu komhlaba ngo-1917 eyaye yamkelwa ngomhla emva Enkulu Oktobha Socialist Revolution (Novemba ukhankanywe ngonyaka wesibhozo). Ngokutsho kwintshayelelo yakhe, owakubhangisayo okunene abaqeshisi impahla kumhlaba ngaphandle kwentlawulo.

Zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze zokwamkelwa kolu xwebhu wabonakala ngenxa ixesha elide ngomhla iphumile. Inyaniso yokuba inkqubo yamaBolshevik yaphikiswa ezinye iinkqubo ezikhoyo ngexesha amaqela abangathanda ukwenza umnyinyiva buso ngaphandle kokuba ukutshintsha inkqubo yonke nkulu xa iyonke, kubandakanywa ngaphandle kokutshintsha amalungelo omhlaba.

April encwandini ukhupha umyalelo njengesiseko elizayo

Ummiselo Land ngowe-1917 kwabakho ka April encwandini Lenin kaThixo, apho isaziso ngomhla wesine ka-Aprili. Kwintetho yakhe, uLenin uthe ngexesha oko kuyimfuneko ukuze bathimbe bonke abane- amafa nodluliselo nabo ukuze kusekwe kwiBhunga abasebenzi lwezoLimo 'kwaye Abalimi' yamaSekela, nekufuneka ibandakanye abameli amakhaya yintlupheko. enkulu nganye abane- nempahla, ezinokuquka 100 ukuya 300 neyabalimi homesteads, kwakumele ukuba ukudala ifama umfuziselo phantsi kweliso yamaSekela zabasebenzi kwezoLimo. Kufuneka ke ukuba inkxaso iingcamango ezinjalo abaphulaphuli yokuqala theses uLenin zange ukufumana, kunye nabanye (AA Bogdanov - Scientist, inkokeli elizayo le Institute yokuqala igazi igazi ehlabathini) baye bafumana ravings zabo ophambeneyo. Noko ke, ukuba zivunyiwe leSithandathu Congress of the yamaBolshevik Party, eyayibanjelwe 8-16 ngo-Agasti kunyaka 1917.

inkokeli Ideas ye revolution - kwinginginya!

Ngo-Epreli wakhe zomgunyathi VI Wabonisa ukuba iiBolsheviks aba eSoviet of yamaSekela lwaBasebenzi kwi ligcuntswana, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ekusasazeni ingcamango iqela inxaxheba izihlwele, yaye oko kwenziwa, kwaye kakhulu ngempumelelo. Kukho iimeko ngoSeptemba nango-Oktobha 1917, xa abalimi abasusa kwi bendawo ethile, ephelekwa kwamaJuda, amafa nelokuqala imfuneko abaqeshisi "nizihlabe emazweni" phantsi isisongelo ebomini. Ngoko ke, lo ummiselo koMhlaba (1917), inxalenye esingatshintshiyo, ukufikelela iinkqubo zembali ixesha.

Umba mhlaba sele utsha ixesha elide

ingxaki mhlaba yamahlwempu sele ezifanelekileyo, Kakade ke, kungekhona ngowe-1917, kodwa ngaphambili kakhulu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba uluntu lwasemaphandleni kunye nokuthunyelwa esebenzayo kweenkozo efanayo wakhokela waphila ngokuhlupheka kwiindawo ezininzi tsarist weRashiya, ukuthengisa ezona obuvelisiweyo kunye nokutya kakhulu, iqaqamba nabafayo. Ifudusiwe manani Zemstvo (in Rybinsk nePhondo Yaroslavl), ngokwendlela esele ngo-1902, 35% kweefama kule ndawo wayengenayo ihashe, kwaye kwi 7.3% - ezweni lakhe.

Omnye umahluko omkhulu elubalweni ukuya Revolution

Abalimi, ngubani ngenzondelelo bamkela le Ndiwise umthetho kumhlaba ngowe-1917, phambi kokuba ukukhululwa wayo iminyaka emininzi wathabatha izabelo kunye namahashe ngenxa nerente, ukuhlawula abanini njengoko iindlela zemveliso (ukuya kwisiqingatha yesityalo) kunye norhulumente (irhafu). Le ngcamango ngaphezu kakhulu, njengoko isishumi komhlaba ekufuneka ukuba ayizise ebuncwaneni 1 engange. 97 cop., Kunye nongeniselo isishumi efanayo (phantsi kweemeko imozulu intle) kwakumalunga-4 kuphela engange. Kuyimfuneko ukuba bakuthathele ingqalelo into yokuba kukho iifama wohlobo nganye werhafu ka eesenti ezimbini (!) Ngokuba isishumi enye, nangona ilifa wayelingana ngobukhulu 200-300 Sasungulwa Holdings.

Ummiselo boMhlaba 1917 wanika amafama ithuba ukumbamba kuphela umnini-mhlaba kodwa kumazwe athile, ibandla kunye yoonongendi bonke abantu ngaphakathi kwipropati yakhe. Ezi masimu neholo emva abo bashiya ilizwe esixekweni. Umzekelo, kwiphondo Yaroslavl malunga 202 000 amaqhosha zokundwendwela zakhutshwa ngo-1902. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba inani lamadoda (ikakhulu) iphumile kwiifama zabo. Umhlaba Cossacks ezilula kunye nabalimi bezingabhekiselelanga kuzo nokuhlutha izinto.

abalimi Iileta - inkalo ebalulekileyo

Kukholelwa ukuba ngengqibo 1917, ilizwe yayisekelwe malunga 240 "Sasungulwa nezigunyaziso" iphephandaba "Izvestia Russian yiSoviet of yamaSekela Abalimi '. Bekucingelwa ukuba olu xwebhu kufuneka ibe isikhokelo kwimisebenzi phantsi ide iNdibano neqela.

Vala bayo ngasese ilizwe

Yintoni ababelandela Iinguqu ilizwe 1917? Ummiselo phezu komhlaba ibonisa iimbono abalimi ukuba iya kuba inkqubo kakhulu elamkelekileyo lingenako ephethwe phantsi apho umhlaba ngasese. Iba nempahla karhulumente aye ukusebenza abantu kuyo. Ngelo xesha ke wayalela ukuba abo bachatshazelwa yi "revolution ipropati" banelungelo lokuba uluntu inkxaso okwexeshana ukuba ziziqhelanise nobomi obutsha.

Kumhlathi wesibini ka Ndiwise kwi koMhlaba (1917) waphawula ukuba imizimba umhlaba ongaphantsi kunye namanzi enkulu kusesidlangalaleni, ngoxa imilambo namachibi zidluliselwa kuluntu kufuneka oorhulumente bengingqi. Olu xwebhu ngakumbi yathi "kakhulu isityalo cultured", okt imiyezo, zokugcina, yiya nguRhulumente okanye kuluntu (kuxhomekeke kubukhulu), kunye neegadi zasekhaya kunye nemiyezo ukuba abanini bazo, kodwa ubungakanani kwiindawo kunye neqondo irhafu kuwo nisekelwe ngumthetho.

Imibuzo enxulumene ezweni

Ummiselo boMhlaba 1917 abachaphazelekayo nje kuphela kwimiba ilizwe. Ithethe ukuba iifama ihashe, namantshontsho iinkukhu kunye nemfuyo Kananjalo siye ubuncwane kazwelonke ukuzigqithisa kwi kurhulumente, ukuze kuxhamle uluntu okanye nokukhululwa ngentlawulelo (lo mbuzo wahlala kwi iNdibano neqela ngesigqibo).

izixhobo Household evela kumazwe athatha wegqitha kubanini ezintsha ngaphandle kwentlawulo, kodwa akufanelanga uzibe ithiyori ukushiya ngaphandle amafama akhasayo.

Xa lo ummiselo phezu komhlaba, bekucingelwa ukuba isabelo somhlaba bonke abakwaziyo ukuphatha nabo yabo, usapho okanye intsebenziswano ngaphandle kokusebenzisa yabasebenzi eqeshiweyo. Kwimeko yesiqhelo lokungaphili vocational umntu uluntu lwasemaphandleni wanceda ukuphatha ilizwe lakhe, kodwa hayi ngaphezulu kweminyaka emibini. Kwaye xa umlimi abadala yaye ukwazi ukusebenza kulo ilizwe, ulahlekelwa ilungelo ukuyisebenzisa kutshintshiselwano umhlalaphantsi kurhulumente.

Ukuze ngamnye ngokweemfuno zakhe

Kukwabalulekile ukuqaphela iimeko ezifana ukwabiwa komhlaba ngokweemfuno zabo, ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu, ukuyilwa-mali lukazwelonke elawulwa ngabahlali entsimini kwaye Kwikomkhulu (kwi endle). Fund Land ayikwazanga kwabelwa ukuba labemi okanye imveliso isabelo yokutshintsha. Ukuba umsebenzisi ishiya emhlabeni, ayajika emva kwiNgxowa-mali kwaye uza kuba omnye umntu, ingakumbi izihlobo ilungu umhlala zoluntu. Kule uphuculo esisiseko (amelioration, izichumiso kunye njalo njalo.) Ukuba kufuneka ihlawulwe.

Ukuba ingxowa-mali ilizwe akwanelanga ukondla abantu abahlala abalimi kuyo, ngeendleko zikarhulumente ngayo kuququzelelwa kunikwe kwakho abantu unikezelo-inventri. iindawo abalimi ezintsha kwafuneka ukuba kule ndlela ilandelayo: iminqweno, ngoko amalungu "ububi" yoluntu, njl - bamkelwe, kwaye abanye - ngeqashiso okanye ngesivumelwano kunye nabanye.

Ngokusekelwe kungentla, kunokuthiwa ukuba Ndiwise umthetho kumhlaba owamkelwe II All-Russia Congress of qumrhu, esebenzisa ekhoyo ngexesha imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Kusenokwenzeka nje balinqabisa iinkqubo eziye zenzeka ekuhlaleni yaye lokulwa.